堲

堲 U+5832, 堲 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5832 ← 報 [U+5831] CJK Unified Ideographs 堳 → [U+5833]

堲 U+2F856, 堲 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F856 ← 型 [U+2F855] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 報 → [U+2F857]

Translingual

Han character

堲 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日中土 (ALG), four-corner 7710₄, composition ⿱即土)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 234, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5276
• Dae Jaweon: page 471, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 447, character 11
• Unihan data for U+5832
• Unihan data for U+2F856

Chinese

simp. and trad.		堲

Glyph origin

	Old Chinese
卪	*ʔsiːɡ
癤	*ʔsiːɡ
幯	*ʔsiːɡ
節	*ʔsiːɡ
蝍	*ʔsiːɡ, *ʔsiɡ, *ʔsɯɡ
蠞	*ziːɡ
堲	*ʔsiɡ, *ʔsɯɡ, *zɯɡ
唧	*ʔsiɡ, *ʔsɯɡ
楖	*ʔsiɡ, *ʔsriɡ, *ʔsɯɡ
揤	*ziɡ, *ʔsɯɡ
櫛	*ʔsriɡ
瀄	*ʔsriɡ
擳	*ʔsriɡ
即	*ʔsɯɡ
鯽	*ʔsɯɡ, *ʔseɡ

Characters in the same phonetic series (即) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Etymology

Borrowed from Tocharian B tsik and Tocharian A tsik (“to build, to form”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeyǵʰ- (“to knead, form, fashion”).^[1] An alternative theory by STEDT derives the word from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-(t)sik (“to burn, itch; angry”), for which see 疾 (OC *zid, “swift; illness”) for more.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character	堲	堲	堲
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	精 (13)	精 (13)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	質 (48)	職 (134)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	資悉切	子力切	秦力切
Baxter	tsit	tsik	dzik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡siɪt̚/	/t͡sɨk̚/	/d͡zɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sit̚/	/t͡sɨk̚/	/d͡zɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sjet̚/	/t͡siek̚/	/d͡ziek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sit̚/	/t͡sik̚/	/d͡zik̚/
Li Rong	/t͡siĕt̚/	/t͡siək̚/	/d͡ziək̚/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭĕt̚/	/t͡sĭək̚/	/d͡zĭək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡si̯ĕt̚/	/t͡si̯ək̚/	/d͡zʱi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ji	ji	jí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zat1	zik1	zik6

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	堲
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jí
Middle Chinese	‹ tsit ›
Old Chinese	/*tsik/
English	masonry
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	堲	堲	堲
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	5716	5730	5732
Phonetic component	即	即	即
Rime group	質	職	職
Rime subdivision	2	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	堲	即	堲
Old Chinese	/*ʔsiɡ/	/*ʔsɯɡ/	/*zɯɡ/

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jí (ji²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zik¹ / zat¹ / zik⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jí
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jí
    • Wade–Giles: chi²
    • Yale: jí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyi
    • Palladius: цзи (czi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zik¹ / zat¹ / zik⁶
    • Yale: jīk / jāt / jihk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzik⁷ / dzat⁷ / dzik⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: jig¹ / zed¹ / jig⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɪk̚⁵/, /t͡sɐt̚⁵/, /t͡sɪk̚²/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsit, tsik, dzik

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tsik/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsiɡ/, /*ʔsɯɡ/, /*zɯɡ/

Definitions

堲

1. to fire earth into brick
2. to hate

References

1. Alexander Lubotsky (1998) “Tocharian Loan Words in Old Chinese: Chariots, Chariot Gear, and Town Building”, in The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age peoples of Eastern Central Asia, pages 379-390

Further reading

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B00528
• “堲”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

堲

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): しつ (shitsu)、しち (shichi)、しょく (shoku)、じき (jiki)、しき (shiki)、し (shi)
• Kun: やきつち (yakitsuchi)、もえさし (moesashi)、にくむ (nikumu)、あさぐ (asagu)