垂

See also: 埀, 乗, and 重

垂 U+5782, 垂 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5782 ← 垁 [U+5781] CJK Unified Ideographs 垃 → [U+5783]

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order (Japan)

Stroke order

Han character

垂 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+5, 9 strokes in traditional Chinese, 8 strokes in mainland China and Japanese and Korean, cangjie input 竹十廿一 (HJTM), four-corner 2010₄, composition ⿻⿱千工艹 or ⿻⿱千工卄)

Derived characters

• 睡, 錘(锤), 郵, 倕, 唾, 埵, 娷, 崜, 捶, 棰, 涶, 硾, 箠, 綞/缍, 腄, 菙, 諈, 陲, 甀, 㩾, 㻔, 䅜, 䍋, 䮔, 䳠, 厜, 𠝶, 𡐱, 𡑈, 𡙇, 𢏴, 𢔝, 𢛉, 𢛲, 𢻩, 𣂩, 𣇦, 𤷣, 𥡭, 𦈼, 𦖋, 𦥻, 𧌯, 𨉡, 𨔠, 𨲉, 𩃒, 𩗰, 𩜀, 𩣷, 𩩞, 𩭦, 𩸫, 𫵌

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 227, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5012
• Dae Jaweon: page 463, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 432, character 5
• Unihan data for U+5782

Chinese

trad.		垂
simp. #		垂
alternative forms		𡸁 埀 𡍮 ancient form 𠂹 ancient form 𠄒 ancient form 𡸁 埀 𡍮 ancient form 𠂹 ancient form 𠄒 ancient form 𠣔 ancient form 𠃀 ancient form

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 垂
Spring and Autumn	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

	Old Chinese
埵	*toːlʔ
綞	*toːlʔ
涶	*tʰoːl, *tʰoːls
唾	*tʰoːls
厜	*stol
腄	*tol, *dols, *ɢʷɯ
箠	*tol, *tjolʔ
娷	*tols
諈	*tols
錘	*dol, *dols, *du
甀	*dol, *dols
硾	*dols
捶	*tjolʔ
垂	*djol
陲	*djol
倕	*djol
菙	*djolʔ
睡	*djols

Characters in the same phonetic series (垂) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Originally 𡍮. Pictogram (象形) : 𠂹 + 土, flowers hanging from a plant.

Etymology

May be from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(d/n)waj (“to hang from; to cling to; creeper”) (STEDT), whence Burmese တွဲ (twai:, “to link; drooping, hanging”). Compare also the following Sinitic words:

• 睡 (OC *djols, “to sleep”)
• 朵 (OC *toːlʔ, “to hang from a tree; classifier for blossoms”)
• 鬌 (OC *ʔl'oːlʔ, *l'oːlʔ, *l'ol, “portion of hair left on a child after a haircut”)
• 橢 (OC *l̥ʰoːlʔ, “oblong, oval”)
• 惰 (OC *l'oːlʔ, *l'oːls, “lazy, negligent”)
• 緌 (OC *njul, “tassel”)
• 蕊 (OC *ŋljolʔ, *ŋljulʔ, “reproductive organ of flower”)
• 繠 (OC *ŋljolʔ, *ŋljulʔ, “to hang down”)

Pronunciation

Variety	Location	edit 垂
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʰuei³⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡sʰuei⁴⁴/ /t͡sʰuei⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡sʰuei⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʰuei⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ʈ͡ʂʰue⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰuei⁴²/
	Xi'an	/p͡fʰei²⁴/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂʰuɨ²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂʰuei⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/p͡fʰei⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂʰuei⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰuei²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡sʰuei³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡sʰuei²¹/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂʰuei³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʰuəi²⁴/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂʰue⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰuei¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡sʰuei¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰuei³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/zø²³/
	Suzhou	/ze̞¹³/
	Hangzhou	/d͡zz̩ʷei²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/d͡zz̩³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕye⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/ɕy⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕyei¹³/
	Xiangtan	/d͡ʑyəi¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰui²⁴/
Hakka	Meixian	/sui¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/sui¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/søy²¹/
	Nanning	/sui²¹/
	Hong Kong	/søy²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/sui³⁵/ /se³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/suoi⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/sy³³/ /ty⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/sui⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/sui³¹/

Rime
Character	垂
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	支 (12)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	是爲切
Baxter	dzywe
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiuᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑʷiɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjuɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑwiə̆/
Li Rong	/ʑiue/
Wang Li	/ʑǐwe/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑwie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chuí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	seoi4

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	垂
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chuí
Middle Chinese	‹ dzywe ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]o[j]/
English	hang down
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	垂
Reading #	1/1
No.	1676
Phonetic component	垂
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	𡍮
Old Chinese	/*djol/

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chuí (chui²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄟˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): seoi⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sûi / sêr / sê / sôe

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sui⁵ / suê⁵

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chuí
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄟˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chuéi
    • Wade–Giles: chʻui²
    • Yale: chwéi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chwei
    • Palladius: чуй (čuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu̯eɪ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: seoi⁴
    • Yale: sèuih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: soey⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: sêu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɵy̯²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sûi
    • Tâi-lô: suî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: suii
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sui²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sui¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /sui²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sêr
    • Tâi-lô: sêr
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sə²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sê
    • Tâi-lô: sê
    • Phofsit Daibuun: see
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /se²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /se²³/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sôe
    • Tâi-lô: suê
    • Phofsit Daibuun: soee
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sue²³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /sue²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sue¹³/

Note:

• sûi - literary;
• sêr/sê/sôe - vernacular.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: sui⁵ / suê⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sûi / suê
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sui⁵⁵/, /sue⁵⁵/
Note:
• suê5 - “listless; wilted”.

---

• Dialectal data

---

• Middle Chinese: dzywe

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]o[j]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*djol/

Definitions

垂

1. to suspend; to hang (down); bend (down)
2. to drip, to shed (tears)
3. to hand down, to bequeath, to transmit (something abstract, such as a message or tradition) to one’s successors or aftercomers
4. nearly; almost
5. to approach
6. (Teochew) listless
7. (Teochew) wilted
8. (obsolete) difficult; hard
9. (obsolete) hardly; harshly

Compounds

• 下垂 (xiàchuí)
• 並垂不朽 / 并垂不朽
• 事敗垂成 / 事败垂成
• 低垂 (dīchuí)
• 公垂線 / 公垂线
• 創業垂統 / 创业垂统
• 功垂竹帛
• 功墮垂成 / 功堕垂成
• 功敗垂成 / 功败垂成 (gōngbàichuíchéng)
• 北垂 (běichuí)
• 南垂
• 厄利垂亞 / 厄利垂亚 (Èlìchuíyà)
• 名垂不朽
• 名垂後世 / 名垂后世
• 名垂竹帛
• 名垂罔極 / 名垂罔极
• 名垂青史 (míngchuíqīngshǐ)
• 四垂
• 坐不垂堂
• 垂下
• 垂亡
• 垂危 (chuíwēi)
• 垂名
• 垂名竹帛
• 垂命
• 垂問 / 垂问
• 垂垂 (chuíchuí)
• 垂堂
• 垂察
• 垂心 (chuíxīn)
• 垂念
• 垂愛 / 垂爱
• 垂憐 / 垂怜 (chuílián)
• 垂憫 / 垂悯
• 垂懸 / 垂悬
• 垂成
• 垂手
• 垂手可得 (chuíshǒukědé)
• 垂手而得
• 垂手過膝 / 垂手过膝
• 垂披
• 垂拱
• 垂拱而治
• 垂掛 / 垂挂 (chuíguà)
• 垂教
• 垂於將來 / 垂于将来
• 垂暮 (chuímù)
• 垂柳 (chuíliǔ)
• 垂棘
• 垂楊 / 垂杨
• 垂楊柳 / 垂杨柳
• 垂橐
• 垂櫜
• 垂死 (chuísǐ)
• 垂死掙扎
• 垂泣 (chuíqì)
• 垂涎 (chuíxián)
• 垂涕
• 垂涎三尺 (chuíxiánsānchǐ)
• 垂涎欲滴 (chuíxiányùdī)
• 垂淚 / 垂泪 (chuílèi)
• 垂照
• 垂璧
• 垂白
• 垂白上僂 / 垂白上偻
• 垂白之親 / 垂白之亲
• 垂直 (chuízhí)
• 垂直尾翼
• 垂直帶 / 垂直带
• 垂直線 / 垂直线
• 垂直貿易 / 垂直贸易
• 垂直起落飛機 / 垂直起落飞机
• 垂直起飛 / 垂直起飞
• 垂直距離 / 垂直距离
• 垂直關係 / 垂直关系
• 垂直面
• 垂盼
• 垂示
• 垂範 / 垂范 (chuífàn)
• 垂簾 / 垂帘 (chuílián)
• 垂簾聽政 / 垂帘听政 (chuíliántīngzhèng)
• 垂統 / 垂统
• 垂絲 / 垂丝
• 垂絕 / 垂绝
• 垂綸 / 垂纶
• 垂線 / 垂线 (chuíxiàn)
• 垂線足 / 垂线足
• 垂翅
• 垂老 (chuílǎo)
• 垂聽 / 垂听 (chuítīng)
• 垂花門 / 垂花门
• 垂落
• 垂衣拱手
• 垂裕後昆 / 垂裕后昆
• 垂詢 / 垂询 (chuíxún)
• 垂足 (chuízú)
• 垂釣 / 垂钓 (chuídiào)
• 垂鑒 / 垂鉴
• 垂陰 / 垂阴
• 垂露
• 垂青 (chuíqīng)
• 垂面
• 垂頭 / 垂头 (chuítóu)
• 垂頭喪氣 / 垂头丧气 (chuítóusàngqì)
• 垂頭拱手 / 垂头拱手
• 垂頭搨翼 / 垂头拓翼
• 垂首
• 垂首喪氣 / 垂首丧气
• 垂馨千祀
• 垂體 / 垂体 (chuítǐ)
• 垂髫 (chuítiáo)
• 垂髮 / 垂发
• 夜幕低垂
• 奄奄垂絕 / 奄奄垂绝
• 德垂後裔 / 德垂后裔
• 愴然垂首 / 怆然垂首
• 懸壅垂 / 悬壅垂 (xuányōngchuí)
• 懷金垂紫 / 怀金垂紫
• 懸針垂露 / 悬针垂露
• 披垂
• 拖紫垂青
• 拱手垂裳
• 敗於垂成 / 败于垂成
• 染指垂涎
• 永垂不朽 (yǒngchuíbùxiǔ)
• 涕淚交垂 / 涕泪交垂
• 海立雲垂 / 海立云垂
• 獨垂青盼 / 独垂青盼
• 眉垂目合
• 綈袍垂愛 / 绨袍垂爱
• 綠楊垂柳 / 绿杨垂柳
• 羊裘垂釣 / 羊裘垂钓
• 耳垂 (ěrchuí)
• 聯垂 / 联垂
• 胃下垂 (wèixiàchuí)
• 腦下垂體 / 脑下垂体 (nǎoxiàchuítǐ)
• 舯垂
• 艉垂標 / 艉垂标
• 艏垂標 / 艏垂标
• 西垂 (Xīchuí)
• 邥垂
• 鉛垂線 / 铅垂线 (qiānchuíxiàn)
• 飛蠅垂珠 / 飞蝇垂珠
• 饞涎欲垂 / 馋涎欲垂
• 鳴琴垂拱 / 鸣琴垂拱

References

• “Query for 垂”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
• “Entry #8621”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 垂

垂

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. suspend, dangle, hang

Readings

• Go-on: ずい (zui)
• Kan-on: すい (sui, Jōyō)
• Kun: たれる (tareru, 垂れる, Jōyō)、たらす (tarasu, 垂らす, Jōyō)、たれ (tare, 垂れ)、なんなんとす (nannantosu, 垂す)
• Nanori: たる (taru)、だれ (dare)

Noun

垂(しで) • (shide) 

1. zigzag-shaped paper streamer often used to adorn Shinto-related objects
2. hornbeam plant

Alternative forms

• 四(し)手(で) (shide)

Compounds

• 垂(すい)直(ちょく) (suichoku): vertical, perpendicular
• 垂(すい)線(せん) (suisen): perpendicular line
• 懸(けん)垂(すい) (kensui): suspension, pendency
• 垂(た)れ下(さ)がる (taresagaru): hang, dangle
• 雨(あま)垂(だ)れ (amadare): raindrops
• 垂(た)らす (tarasu): hang down
• 髪(かみ)を垂(た)らす (kamiotarasu): let one's hair hang down
• 垂(た)れ (tare): sauce, gravy
• 胡(ご)麻(ま)垂(だ)れ (gomadare): sesame sauce
• 糞(くそ)っ垂(た)れ (kusottare): vulgar epithet
• しみっ垂(た)れ (shimittare): stinginess, miser

Korean

Hanja

垂 (eum 수 (su))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

垂: Hán Nôm readings: thùy/thuỳ

1. to hang, to fall, to follow
2. adjacent to