不得已

Chinese

		must not; should not; not be allowed must not; should not; not be allowed; to not receive	already; to stop; then already; to stop; then; afterwards
simp. and trad. (不得已)		不得	已

Pronunciation

Rime
Character	不	不	不	得	已	已
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	幫 (1)	幫 (1)	端 (5)	以 (36)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	尤 (136)	物 (60)	德 (131)	之 (19)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Closed	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III	I	III	III
Fanqie	甫鳩切	方久切	分勿切	多則切	羊己切	羊吏切
Baxter	pjuw	pjuwX	pjut	tok	yiX	yiH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨu/	/pɨuX/	/pɨut̚/	/tək̚/	/jɨX/	/jɨH/
Pan Wuyun	/piu/	/piuX/	/piut̚/	/tək̚/	/jɨX/	/jɨH/
Shao Rongfen	/piəu/	/piəuX/	/piuət̚/	/tək̚/	/ieX/	/ieH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puw/	/puwX/	/put̚/	/tək̚/	/jɨX/	/jɨH/
Li Rong	/piu/	/piuX/	/piuət̚/	/tək̚/	/iəX/	/iəH/
Wang Li	/pĭəu/	/pĭəuX/	/pĭuət̚/	/tək̚/	/jĭəX/	/jĭəH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pi̯ə̯u/	/pi̯ə̯uX/	/pi̯uət̚/	/tək̚/	/iX/	/iH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fōu	fǒu	fu	de	yǐ	yì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fau1	fau2	fat1	dak1	ji5	ji6

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	不	不	得	已
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bù	bù	dé	yǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ pjuw ›	‹ pjuw ›	‹ tok ›	‹ yiX ›
Old Chinese	/*pə/	/*pə/	/*tˁək/	/*ɢ(r)əʔ/
English	not	不律 writing brush (pron. in Wú 吳 ap. Shuōwén; E. Hàn)	obtain	cease; already
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	不	不	不	得	已
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3	1/1	1/1
No.	1025	1029	1048	2165	14924
Phonetic component	不	不	不	得	已
Rime group	之	之	物	職	之
Rime subdivision	0	0	1	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	不	缶	弗	德	以
Old Chinese	/*pɯ/	/*pɯʔ/	/*pɯ'/	/*tɯːɡ/	/*lɯʔ/
Notes		象花柎與本同源	中古才促化		巳轉註字

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bùdéyǐ

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄜˊ ㄧˇ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): bat¹ dak¹ ji⁵

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): but¹ dak¹ yi^4*

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): put-tet-yí
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): put-tek-í / put-tiak-í / put-tit-í

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bùdéyǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˋ ㄉㄜˊ ㄧˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bùdéyǐ
    • Wade–Giles: pu⁴-tê²-i³
    • Yale: bù-dé-yǐ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: buderyii
    • Palladius: будэи (budɛi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pu⁵¹ tɤ³⁵ i²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: bat¹ dak¹ ji⁵
    • Yale: bāt dāk yíh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: bat⁷ dak⁷ ji⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: bed¹ deg¹ yi⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɐt̚⁵ tɐk̚⁵ jiː¹³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: but¹ dak¹ yi^4*
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /put̚³³ tak̚³³ ji²¹⁻²¹⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: put-tet-yí
    • Hakka Romanization System: bud^ˋ ded^ˋ i^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bud⁵ ded⁵ yi³
    • Sinological IPA: /put̚² tet̚² i³¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: put-tet-yí
    • Hakka Romanization System: bud^ˋ ded^ˋ (r)i^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bud⁵ ded⁵ yi³
    • Sinological IPA: /put̚² tet̚² (j)i³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: put-tek-í
    • Tâi-lô: put-tik-í
    • Phofsit Daibuun: putdek'ie
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /put̚³²⁻⁴ tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ i⁵³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /put̚³²⁻⁵ tiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ i⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /put̚³²⁻⁴ tiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ i⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: put-tiak-í
    • Tâi-lô: put-tiak-í
    • Phofsit Daibuun: putdiak'ie
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /put̚⁵⁻²⁴ tiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ i⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: put-tit-í
    • Tâi-lô: put-tit-í
    • Phofsit Daibuun: putdit'ie
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /put̚³²⁻⁴ tit̚³²⁻⁴ i⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /put̚³²⁻⁴ tit̚³²⁻⁴ i⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: pjuw|pjuwX|pjut tok yiX|yiH

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pə  tˤək  ɢ(r)əʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*pɯ|pɯʔ|pɯ'  tɯːɡ  lɯʔ/

Adjective

不得已

1. having no alternative but to; acting against one's will; having to; imperative

Synonyms

edit

• 不獲已 / 不获已 (bùhuòyǐ) (archaic)
• 姑不二將 / 姑不二将 (Hokkien)
• 姑不將 / 姑不将 (Hokkien)
• 沒有辦法 / 没有办法 (méiyǒu bànfǎ)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (不得已):

• → Korean: 부득이(不得已) (budeugi)
• → Vietnamese: bất đắc dĩ (不得已)

Others:

• → Japanese: 已(や)むを得(え)ず (yamu o ezu) (calque)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
不	得	已
えず		や Jinmeiyō
Grade: 4	Grade: 5
jukujikun		kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 不得已 – see the following entry.

【止やむを得えず】 [phrase] Alternative form of 止むを得ない (yamu o enai, “have no choice but to”) Alternative spelling 已むを得ず

(This term, 不得已, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
不	得	已

Adverb

不得已 • (budeugi) (hangeul 부득이)

1. hanja form^? of 부득이

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
不	得	已

Adjective

不得已

1. chữ Hán form of bất đắc dĩ.