vaina

See also: vainā, vaiņa, vaiņā, and väinä

Bilur

Noun

vaina

1. woman

Further reading

• Malcolm Ross, Proto Oceanic and the Austronesian Languages of Western Melanesia, Pacific Linguistics, series C-98 (1988)

Dalmatian

Etymology

From Latin vēna. Compare Romansch avaina, Italian vena, Romanian vână, French veine.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈβaina/

Noun

vaina f

1. vein

Latvian

Alternative forms

• (dialectal forms) vaine, vaiņa

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *wei-, *wai- (with an added suffix -nā-), from Proto-Indo-European *wey- (“to move, go ahead; to be strong”).

Cognates include Lithuanian vainóti (“to criticize, to scold”) (compare archaic Lithuanian vaina (“error, transgression”)), Old Prussian etwinūt (“to blame”) (maybe a borrowing from Slavic), Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian вина́ (viná), Belarusian віна́ (viná, “fault, guilt, transgression”).^[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [vāīna]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

vaina f (4th declension)

1. fault, guilt (an offense punishable according to the law; behavior or conduct with bad consequences)

   pierādīta vaina ― proven guilt

   vainas apziņa ― awareness of guilt

   neapzināties savu vainu ― to be unaware of, not acknowledge one's guilt

   atzīt savu vainu ― to plead guilty

   noliegt savu vainu ― to deny one's guilt, to plead not guilty

   vainu mīkstinoši apstākļi ― mitigating circumstances

   vainu pastiprinoši apstākļi ― aggravating circumstances

   būt pie vainas ― to be to blame

2. defect, imperfection, flaw, fault

   viņa darbs ir bez vainas ― his work is without flaw

   tā ir maza vaina! ― this is a small flaw!

   šai drānai nav nekādas vainas ― this fabric has no flaw

   kas uzvalkam vaina? ― what is the problem with the suit?

   aparātam ir kāda vaina, ka tas nedarbojas ― the machine has some problem, it doesn't work

3. disease, ailment, wound

   viņi visas vainas ārstējot ar zāļu tējām' ― they treat all diseases with herbal teas

   sūdzēties par visādām vainām ― to complain about all kinds of ailments

   izmazgāt vainas ― to wash one's wounds

4. cause

   ja viņš nestrādā, tad tā ir tikai slinkuma vaina ― if he doesn't work, it is only because of laziness

Declension

	singular (vienskaitlis)	plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs)	vaina	vainas
accusative (akuzatīvs)	vainu	vainas
genitive (ģenitīvs)	vainas	vainu
dative (datīvs)	vainai	vainām
instrumental (instrumentālis)	vainu	vainām
locative (lokatīvs)	vainā	vainās
vocative (vokatīvs)	vaina	vainas

Declension of vaina (4th declension)

Derived terms

• vaininieks, vaininiece
• vainīgs, vainīgums, vainība
  • nevainīgs, nevainīgums, nevainība
• vainot, vainoties

References

1. Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “vaina”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Latin vāgīna (“sheath”). Doublet of vagina.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbaina/ [ˈbai̯.na]
• Rhymes: -aina
• Syllabification: vai‧na

Noun

vaina f (plural vainas)

1. (botany) pod
2. scabbard, sheath
3. case, casing
   • 2005, Vsevolod Smirnoff, Recuerdos de una astilla, page 11:

     Entre los dos yacía en el piso una vaina de cartucho de revólver.

     On the floor between the two lay a revolver cartridge case.

4. (figurative) bubble; an insulating or isolated environment.
5. (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Panama, colloquial) thing, gadget

   Synonyms: chisme, (Mexico) chunche, (Panama, River Plate region) coso

6. (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, colloquial) hickey
7. (slang) worthless person
8. (Aragon, Asturias, Basque Country, Burgos, La Rioja, Navarre) green bean

   Synonyms: judía verde, poroto verde

Derived terms

• vaina de mielina
• vainilla

 

Descendants

• → Tagalog: baina

Further reading

• “vaina”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014