truant
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈtɹuːənt/
Audio (Southern England): (file) - (General American) IPA(key): /ˈtɹuənt/
- Rhymes: -uːənt
- Hyphenation: tru‧ant
Etymology 1
The adjective and noun are derived from Middle English truant, truand, truaund (“(adjective) idle; tending to vagrancy (uncertain; may be a use of the noun); (noun) beggar; mendicant friar; vagrant, wanderer; worthless person, rogue, scoundrel; one who is absent without leave, truant; one who shirks duties”),[1] from Old French truant, truand (“(adjective) beggarly; roguish; (noun) a beggar, vagabond; a rogue”) (modern French truand), probably of Celtic origin,[2] possibly from Gaulish *trugan, or from Breton truan (“wretched”), from Proto-Celtic *térh₁-tro-m, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to drill, pierce; to rub; to turn”).[3]
cognates
- Breton truc (“beggar”)
- Irish trogán, trogha (“destitute”)
- Middle Dutch trawant, trouwant, truwant
- Occitan truan
- Portuguese truão
- Scottish Gaelic trudanach (“vagabond”), truaghan (“wretched”)
- Spanish truhan
- Welsh tru, truan (“wretched”)
Adjective
truant (not comparable)
- Shirking or wandering from business or duty; straying; hence, idle; loitering.
- c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke: […] (Second Quarto), London: […] I[ames] R[oberts] for N[icholas] L[ing] […], published 1604, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], signature C, verso:
- 1649, J[ohn] Milton, “Upon the Ordinance against the Common-prayer Book”, in ΕΙΚΟΝΟΚΛΆΣΤΗΣ [Eikonoklástēs] […], London: […] Matthew Simmons, […], →OCLC, page 152:
- [W]ee are not to imitate them; nor to diſtruſt God in the removal of that Truant help to our Devotion, vvhich by him never vvas appointed.
- 1697, Virgil, “The Third Book of the Georgics”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 117, lines 705–710:
- But vvhere thou ſeeſt a ſingle Sheep remain / In ſhades aloof, or couch'd upon the Plain; / Or liſtleſly to crop the tender Graſs; / Or late to lag behind, vvith truant pace; / Revenge the Crime; and take the Traytor's head, / E're in the faultleſs Flock the dire Contagion ſpread.
- 1772, John Trumbull, “The Owl and the Sparrow. A Fable.”, in The Poetical Works of John Trumbull, […], volume II, Hartford, Conn.: […] Samuel G[riswold] Goodrich, by Lincoln & Stone, published 1820, →OCLC, page 149:
- 1785, William Cowper, “Book I. The Sofa.”, in The Task, a Poem, […], London: […] J[oseph] Johnson; […], →OCLC, page 7:
- [I] have loved the rural vvalk / O'er hills, through valleys, and by rivers brink, / E'er ſince a truant boy I paſs'd my bounds / T'enjoy a ramble on the banks of Thames.
- 1791, [Erasmus Darwin], “Canto I”, in The Botanic Garden; a Poem, in Two Parts. […], London: J[oseph] Johnson, […], →OCLC, part I (The Economy of Vegetation), page 4, lines 53–54:
- Dovvn the ſteep ſlopes He led vvith modeſt ſkill / The vvilling pathvvay, and the truant rill, […]
- 1791–1792 (published 1793), William Wordsworth, “Descriptive Sketches, Taken during a Pedestrian Tour among the Alps”, in Henry [Hope] Reed, editor, The Complete Poetical Works of William Wordsworth, Philadelphia, Pa.: Hayes & Zell, […], published 1860, →OCLC, page 30, column 1:
- Me, lured by hope its sorrows to remove, / A heart that could not much itself approve / O'er Gallia's wastes of corn dejected led, / Her road elms rustling high above my head, / Or through her truant pathways' native charms, / By secret villages and lonely farms, […]
- 1848 November – 1850 December, William Makepeace Thackeray, “Prodigal’s Return”, in The History of Pendennis. […], volume I, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1849, →OCLC, page 205:
- Indeed, calamity is welcome to women if they think it will bring truant affection home again: and if you have reduced your mistress to a crust, depend upon it that she won't repine, and only take a very little bit of it for herself, provided you will eat the remainder in her company.
- 1910, Emerson Hough, “A Lady in Company”, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC, page 6:
- Serene, smiling, enigmatic, she faced him with no fear whatever showing in her dark eyes. […] She put back a truant curl from her forehead where it had sought egress to the world, and looked him full in the face now, drawing a deep breath which caused the round of her bosom to lift the lace at her throat.
- (specifically) Of a student: absent from school without permission.
- He didn’t graduate because he was chronically truant and didn’t have enough attendances to meet the requirement.
- 1824, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym; Washington Irving], “Buckthorne, or The Young Man of Great Expectations”, in Tales of a Traveller, part 1 (Strange Stories. […]), Philadelphia, Pa.: H[enry] C[harles] Carey & I[saac] Lea, […], →OCLC, pages 73–74:
- […] I fell desperately in love with a little daughter of the squire's about twelve years of age. This freak of fancy made me more truant from my studies than ever.
- (obsolete) Having no real substance; unimportant, vain, worthless.
Derived terms
- trivant (Britain, dialectal)
- truantness (archaic or obsolete)
Translations
shirking or wandering from business or duty
|
idle; loitering — see idle
of a student: absent from school without permission
|
Noun
truant (plural truants)
- An idle or lazy person; an idler.
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:idler
- c. 1597 (date written), [William Shakespeare], The History of Henrie the Fourth; […], quarto edition, London: […] P[eter] S[hort] for Andrew Wise, […], published 1598, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i], signature D3, recto:
- For my part I may ſpeake it to my ſhame, / I haue a truant beene to Chiualrie, […]
- 1697, Virgil, “The Second Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 249, lines 505–507:
- You loiter, vvhile the Spoils are born avvay: / Our Ships are laden vvith the Trojan Store, / And you like Truants come too late aſhore.
- (specifically) A student who is absent from school without permission; hence (figurative), a person who shirks or wanders from business or duty.
- c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merry Wiues of Windsor”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i], page 58, column 1:
- [S]ince I pluckt Geeſe, plaide Trevvant, and vvhipt Top, I knevv not vvhat 'tvvas to be beaten, till lately.
- c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Tragicall Historie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke: […] (Second Quarto), London: […] I[ames] R[oberts] for N[icholas] L[ing] […], published 1604, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], signature C, verso:
- […] I knovve you are no truant, / But vvhat is your affaire in Elſonoure?
- 1770, [Oliver] Goldsmith, The Deserted Village, a Poem, London: […] W[illiam] Griffin, […], →OCLC, page 11:
- The village maſter taught his little ſchool; / A man ſevere he vvas, and ſtern to vievv, / I knevv him vvell, and every truant knevv; […]
- (obsolete) Synonym of sturdy beggar (“a person who was fit and able to work, but lived as a beggar or vagrant instead”); hence, a worthless person; a rogue, a scoundrel.
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:vagabond, Thesaurus:worthless person
- 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, Much Adoe about Nothing. […], quarto edition, London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for Andrew Wise, and William Aspley, published 1600, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], signature E, verso:
- Hang him truant, theres no true drop of bloud in him to be truly toucht vvith loue, if he be ſadde, he vvantes money.
Derived terms
Translations
idle or lazy person — see idler
student who is absent from school without permission; person who shirks or wanders from business or duty
|
Etymology 2
Inherited from Middle English truaunten (“to obtain alms fraudulently; to behave like a rogue or scoundrel; to neglect a duty; to be idle or lazy”),[4] and then partly:
- from Old French truander (modern French truander (“to cheat, to con”)), from truand (noun) (see etymology 1) + -er (suffix forming infinitives of first-conjugation verbs); and
- from Middle English truaunt (noun) (see etymology 1) + -en (suffix forming infinitives of verbs).[5][6]
Verb
truant (third-person singular simple present truants, present participle truanting, simple past and past participle truanted)
- (intransitive) Also used with the impersonal pronoun it (dated): to shirk or wander from business or duty; (specifically) of a student: to be absent from school without permission; to play truant.
- The number of schoolchildren known to have truanted from this school has been unusually high.
- 1580, Iohn Lyly [i.e., John Lyly], Euphues and His England. […], London: […] [Thomas East] for Gabriell Cawood, […], →OCLC, folio 29, recto:
- VVhat made the Gods ſo often to trevvant from Heauen & mych [much] héere on earth, but beautie?
- c. 1594 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Comedie of Errors”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii], page 91, column 1:
- VVhat ſimple thiefe brags of his ovvne attaine? / 'Tis double vvrong, to truant vvith your bed, / And let her read it in thy lookes at boord: […]
- What mindless thief brags of his own crime? / 'Tis doubly wrong to wander from your bed [i.e., be unfaithful to one’s wife], / And let her read it in your looks at the table: […]
- 1641 June or July, John Milton, Of Prelatical Episcopacy, and Whether It may be Deduc’d from the Apostolical Times by Virtue of Those Testimonies which are Alledg’d to that Purpose in Some Late Treatises; […]; republished in A Complete Collection of the Historical, Political, and Miscellaneous Works of John Milton, […], volume I, Amsterdam [actually London: s.n.], 1698, →OCLC, page 243:
- By this means they loſt their time, and truanted on the fundamental grounds of ſaving knovvledg, […]
- 1642, Thomas Fuller, “The Life of Eliezer”, in The Holy State, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: […] Roger Daniel for John Williams, […], →OCLC, book I, page 24:
- If in a dark buſineſſe vve perceive God to guide us by the lantern of his providence, it is good to follovv the light cloſe, leſt vve loſe it by our lagging behind. He [Eliezer] vvill not truant it novv in the afternoon, but vvith convenient ſpeed returns to Abraham, vvho onely vvas vvorthy of ſuch a Servant, vvho onely vvas vvorthy of ſuch a Maſter.
- 1690, J[ohn] Garretson, “Exercises Fitted to Lilly’s Concords, and Rules, together with Observations upon Them”, in English Exercises for School-boys to Translate into Latin. […], 3rd edition, London: […] Tho[mas] Cockerill, […], →OCLC, page 30:
- Thou Truantest much, and art very idle, which are moſt pernicious things.
- 1748, [Samuel Richardson], “Letter LI. Mr. Lovelace, to John Belford, Esq.”, in Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volume IV, London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; […], →OCLC, page 305:
- Her good angel is gone a journey: Is truanting at leaſt.
- (transitive, obsolete) To idle away or waste (time).
- c. 1635–1636 (date written), Iohn Ford [i.e., John Ford], The Fancies, Chast and Noble: […], London: […] E[lizabeth] P[urslowe] for Henry Seile, […], published 1638, →OCLC, Act III, page 45:
- I dare not be the Author / Of trevvanting the time then, neither vvill I.
Derived terms
- truanting (adjective, noun)
Translations
shirk or wander from business or duty
of a student: be absent from school without permission — see play truant
References
- “?truaunt, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007; “truaunt, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- “truant, n. and adj.”, in OED Online
, Oxford: Oxford University Press, December 2023; “truant, n. and adj.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022. - “truaunten, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- “-en, suf.(3)”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
- Compare “truant, v.”, in OED Online, Oxford: Oxford University Press, September 2023.
Further reading
truancy on Wikipedia.Wikipedia - truant (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Anagrams
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