sopio

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *swep- (“to sleep”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈsoː.pi.oː/, [ˈs̠oːpioː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈso.pi.o/, [ˈsɔːpio]

Verb

sōpiō (present infinitive sōpīre, perfect active sōpīvī or sōpiī, supine sōpītum); fourth conjugation

1. (transitive) to deprive of feeling
2. (transitive) to lull to sleep, put to sleep

   Synonym: sēdō

3. (transitive) to render unconscious, knock out
4. (figuratively, transitive) to kill

   Synonyms: necō, obtruncō, caedō, interficiō, trucīdō, tollō, peragō, percutiō, interimō, perimō, iugulō, cōnficiō, occīdō, ēnecō, dēiciō, absūmō, cōnsūmō

5. (figuratively, transitive) to quiet, calm, soothe

   Synonyms: domō, lēniō, sēdō, dēlēniō, mītigō, plācō, mānsuēscō, mānsuētō, restinguō, commītigō, compōnō, levō, ēlevō, allevō, alleviō, sileō, molliō

   Antonyms: sollicitō, excitō, īnstīgō, īnstinguō, efferō, exciō, perpellō, concieō, concitō, īnflammō, cieō, incendō

Conjugation

Conjugation of sōpiō (fourth conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	sōpiō	sōpīs	sōpit	sōpīmus	sōpītis	sōpiunt
	imperfect	sōpiēbam	sōpiēbās	sōpiēbat	sōpiēbāmus	sōpiēbātis	sōpiēbant
	future	sōpiam	sōpiēs	sōpiet	sōpiēmus	sōpiētis	sōpient
	perfect	sōpīvī, sōpiī	sōpīvistī, sōpiistī	sōpīvit, sōpiit	sōpīvimus, sōpiimus	sōpīvistis, sōpiistis	sōpīvērunt, sōpīvēre, sōpiērunt, sōpiēre
	pluperfect	sōpīveram, sōpieram	sōpīverās, sōpierās	sōpīverat, sōpierat	sōpīverāmus, sōpierāmus	sōpīverātis, sōpierātis	sōpīverant, sōpierant
	future perfect	sōpīverō, sōpierō	sōpīveris, sōpieris	sōpīverit, sōpierit	sōpīverimus, sōpierimus	sōpīveritis, sōpieritis	sōpīverint, sōpierint
passive	present	sōpior	sōpīris, sōpīre	sōpītur	sōpīmur	sōpīminī	sōpiuntur
	imperfect	sōpiēbar	sōpiēbāris, sōpiēbāre	sōpiēbātur	sōpiēbāmur	sōpiēbāminī	sōpiēbantur
	future	sōpiar	sōpiēris, sōpiēre	sōpiētur	sōpiēmur	sōpiēminī	sōpientur
	perfect	sōpītus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	sōpītus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	sōpītus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	sōpiam	sōpiās	sōpiat	sōpiāmus	sōpiātis	sōpiant
	imperfect	sōpīrem	sōpīrēs	sōpīret	sōpīrēmus	sōpīrētis	sōpīrent
	perfect	sōpīverim, sōpierim	sōpīverīs, sōpierīs	sōpīverit, sōpierit	sōpīverīmus, sōpierīmus	sōpīverītis, sōpierītis	sōpīverint, sōpierint
	pluperfect	sōpīvissem, sōpiissem	sōpīvissēs, sōpiissēs	sōpīvisset, sōpiisset	sōpīvissēmus, sōpiissēmus	sōpīvissētis, sōpiissētis	sōpīvissent, sōpiissent
passive	present	sōpiar	sōpiāris, sōpiāre	sōpiātur	sōpiāmur	sōpiāminī	sōpiantur
	imperfect	sōpīrer	sōpīrēris, sōpīrēre	sōpīrētur	sōpīrēmur	sōpīrēminī	sōpīrentur
	perfect	sōpītus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	sōpītus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	sōpī	—	—	sōpīte	—
	future	—	sōpītō	sōpītō	—	sōpītōte	sōpiuntō
passive	present	—	sōpīre	—	—	sōpīminī	—
	future	—	sōpītor	sōpītor	—	—	sōpiuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		sōpīre	sōpīvisse, sōpiisse	sōpītūrum esse	sōpīrī	sōpītum esse	sōpītum īrī
participles		sōpiēns	—	sōpītūrus	—	sōpītus	sōpiendus, sōpiundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		sōpiendī	sōpiendō	sōpiendum	sōpiendō	sōpītum	sōpītū

Derived terms

• consōpiō
• resōpiō

Related terms

• somnus
• sopor

Descendants

• → Italian: sopire (learned)
• ⇒ Vulgar Latin: *assōpīre
  • Catalan: ensopir
  • French: assouvir, assoupir
    • → Italian: assopire

Noun

sōpiō m (genitive sōpiōnis); third declension

1. A drawing of a man with a prominent penis
   • Catullus 37

     Frontem tabernae sopionibus scribam

     I will draw pictures of penises on the front of the tavern.

   • Anonymous graffito in Pompeii

     Ut merdas edatis, qui scripseras sopionis

     You who have drawn pictures of penises, eat shit!

Declension

Third-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	sōpiō	sōpiōnēs
genitive	sōpiōnis	sōpiōnum
dative	sōpiōnī	sōpiōnibus
accusative	sōpiōnem	sōpiōnēs
ablative	sōpiōne	sōpiōnibus
vocative	sōpiō	sōpiōnēs

References

• “sopio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “sopio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• sopio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• S. A. Handford & Mary Herberg (2003), Latin-English : English-Latin Dictionary (Berlin: Langenscheidt)
• sopio in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2024), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication