ryðja

See also: rydja

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse ryðja, Proto-Germanic *rudjaną, a variant of Proto-Germanic *reudaną (“to clear”) (in Old Norse rjóða) and Proto-Germanic *rudōną (“to clear”) (cognates in German roden, rotten, reuten).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrɪðja/

  Rhymes: -ɪðja

Verb

ryðja (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative ruddi, supine rutt)

1. to clear (an area, path, etc.) [with accusative]
2. to clear (away), shove (away), push aside [with dative]

Conjugation

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að ryðja
supine (sagnbót)		rutt
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		ryðjandi
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég ryð	við ryðjum	present (nútíð)	ég ryðji	við ryðjum
	þú ryður	þið ryðjið		þú ryðjir	þið ryðjið
	hann, hún, það ryður	þeir, þær, þau ryðja		hann, hún, það ryðji	þeir, þær, þau ryðji
past (þátíð)	ég ruddi	við ruddum	past (þátíð)	ég ryddi	við ryddum
	þú ruddir	þið rudduð		þú ryddir	þið rydduð
	hann, hún, það ruddi	þeir, þær, þau ruddu		hann, hún, það ryddi	þeir, þær, þau ryddu
imperative (boðháttur)	ryð (þú)	ryðjið (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	ryddu	ryðjiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

ryðja — active voice (germynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að ryðjast
supine (sagnbót)		ruðst
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		ryðjandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég ryðst	við ryðjumst	present (nútíð)	ég ryðjist	við ryðjumst
	þú ryðst	þið ryðjist		þú ryðjist	þið ryðjist
	hann, hún, það ryðst	þeir, þær, þau ryðjast		hann, hún, það ryðjist	þeir, þær, þau ryðjist
past (þátíð)	ég ruddist	við ruddumst	past (þátíð)	ég ryddist	við ryddumst
	þú ruddist	þið ruddust		þú ryddist	þið ryddust
	hann, hún, það ruddist	þeir, þær, þau ruddust		hann, hún, það ryddist	þeir, þær, þau ryddust
imperative (boðháttur)	ryðst (þú)	ryðist (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	ryðstu	ryðisti *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

ryðjast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	ruddur	rudd	rutt		ruddir	ruddar	rudd
accusative (þolfall)	ruddan	rudda	rutt		rudda	ruddar	rudd
dative (þágufall)	ruddum	ruddri	ruddu		ruddum	ruddum	ruddum
genitive (eignarfall)	rudds	ruddrar	rudds		ryddra	ryddra	ryddra
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	ruddi	rudda	rudda		ruddu	ruddu	ruddu
accusative (þolfall)	rudda	ruddu	rudda		ruddu	ruddu	ruddu
dative (þágufall)	rudda	ruddu	rudda		ruddu	ruddu	ruddu
genitive (eignarfall)	rudda	ruddu	rudda		ruddu	ruddu	ruddu

ruddur — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *rudjaną.

Verb

ryðja (singular past indicative ruddi, plural past indicative ruddu, past participle ruddr)

1. (transitive, of land) to clear, free
2. (transitive) to clear, empty
3. (transitive, law) to challenge

Conjugation

Conjugation of ryðja — active (weak class 1)

infinitive	ryðja
present participle	ryðjandi
past participle	ruddr
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	ryð	rudda		ryðja	rydda
2nd person singular	ryðr	ruddir		ryðir	ryddir
3rd person singular	ryðr	ruddi		ryði	ryddi
1st person plural	ryðjum	ruddum		ryðim	ryddim
2nd person plural	ryðið	rudduð		ryðið	ryddið
3rd person plural	ryðja	ruddu		ryði	ryddi
imperative	present
2nd person singular	ryð
1st person plural	ryðjum
2nd person plural	ryðið

Conjugation of ryðja — mediopassive (weak class 1)

infinitive	ryðjask
present participle	ryðjandisk
past participle	ruzk
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	ryðjumk	ruddumk		ryðjumk	ryddumk
2nd person singular	ryzk	ruddisk		ryðisk	ryddisk
3rd person singular	ryzk	ruddisk		ryðisk	ryddisk
1st person plural	ryðjumsk	ruddumsk		ryðimsk	ryddimsk
2nd person plural	ryðizk	rudduzk		ryðizk	ryddizk
3rd person plural	ryðjask	ruddusk		ryðisk	ryddisk
imperative	present
2nd person singular	ryzk
1st person plural	ryðjumsk
2nd person plural	ryðizk

Synonyms

• hryðja

Descendants

• Faroese: ryðja
• Icelandic: ryðja
• Norwegian Nynorsk: rydja, rø; (dialectal) rya, rua, rudjø, rødja, rødda, røa, ræa
• Old Swedish: ryþia, rydhia, rödhia
  • Swedish: röja, rödja
• Old Danish: ryddæ
  • Danish: rydde
    • Norwegian Bokmål: rydde
      • → Norwegian Nynorsk: rydda

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “ryðja”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 345; also available at the Internet Archive