rast

See also: Rast, RAST, raşt, and rásť

Albanian

Noun

rast m (plural raste, definite rasti, definite plural rastet)

1. chance

   Synonyms: shans, mundësi, fat

2. occasion

Declension

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	rast	rasti	raste	rastet
accusative		rastin
dative	rasti	rastit	rasteve	rasteve
ablative			rastesh

Declension of rast

German

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁaːst/

Verb

rast

1. inflection of rasen:
   1. second/third-person singular present
   2. second-person plural present
   3. plural imperative

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁast/

Verb

rast

1. singular imperative of rasten
2. (colloquial) first-person singular present of rasten

Latvian

Etymology

This word is the reflex of two different Proto-Indo-European forms: *wer-d-, *wr-ed- (“to bend, to sway”) and *werdʰ-, *wr-edʰ-, *h₃erdʰ- (“to grow; high”), both from the stem *wer- (“to bend, to turn”).^[1] Both forms yielded Proto-Baltic *red-, *rad-, from which *rad-ti > *rasti > rast.

The present tense form was derived with an extra n: *randuo > *ruodu > rodu; cf. dialectal variants ronu, romu. From the meaning “to bend, to sway” came “to raise, to obtain (by bending down to get it)” > “to obtain, to get, to find.” From the meaning “to grow” came not only the meanings of the Lithuanian reflexive form, but also those of Latvian related forms like raža (“harvest”), rasma (“fecundity”), radīt (“to create”), radi (“relatives”) and the 18th-century adjective rastīgs (“fertile, successful”). This semantic diversity also explains the divergent meanings of the derived prefixed verbs (atrast (“to find; to lose a habit, a skill”), ierast parast, pierast (“to get used to”), etc.).

Cognates include Lithuanian ràsti (“to find, to obain by searching; to notice; to determine, to establish; to happen, to be”), reflexive ràstis (“to grow quickly, strongly; to give birth; to rise, to get up; to become; to happen; to come, to arrive; to get somewhere”); from *werd- (“to bend, to sway”), also Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌰𐍄𐍉 (wratō, “to go, to travel”), Icelandic rata (“to travel, to find one's way”), Middle High German razzeln (“to turn”); from *werdʰ (“to grow”), Old Church Slavonic расти (rasti, “to grow”), Russian расти́ (rastí), Polish róść, Sanskrit वर्धति (várdhati), वृधति (vr̥dháti, “to grow, to increase”), Ancient Greek ὀρθός (orthós, “straight, upright”) (and perhaps also, from a possible variant form *Herdʰ, *Hredʰ-, Latin arduus (“lofty, high”), arbor (“tree”)).^[2]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɾast]

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Verb

rast (transitive, 1st conjugation, present rodu, rodi, rod, past radu)

1. to find (to cause by searching that something (desirable, necessary) be present, in use, or in one's possession)

   rast jaunu dzimteni ― to find a new homeland

   nerast nekur mieru ― to not find peace anywhere

   rast kopīgu valodu ― to find a common language (= to communicate)

   mīļa, mīļa tēva sēta, kur mīļaku vietu rast! ― dear, dear father's (= home) ranch, where to find a favorite place!

2. to find (to discover via research)

   institūta laboratorijās rastas jaunas sveķu izmantošanas iespējas ― in the laboratories of the institute new possibilities of use for resin (were) found

3. to find (to choose, e.g., the right word, in one's thoughts)

   kā lai vārdus rod? ― how does one find the (right) words?

4. to find, to receive (e.g., help, understanding, from others)

   kur rast atbalstu? draugos? ― where to find support? with (lit. in) friends?

   viņš rod ierosmi dabā ― he finds inspiration in nature

   viņa gribētu rast apstiprinājumu ― she would like to find approval

5. to find, to start (e.g., a state, a situation, a relationship)

   rast draudzību ― to find friendship

   komponista sirsnība un vienkāršība palīdzēja rast ciešu kontaktu ar publiku ― the composer's sincerity and simplicity helped him find, achieve chose contact with the audience

6. to find (to be such that a certain mental state is caused)

   rast spēkus, mierinājumu, prieku ― to find strength, comfort, joy

   rast prieku darbā ― to find joy in work

   cik sevi vēros, vairāk sāpes radu ― the more I observe myself, the more I find pain

7. (in the past active participle form radis) accustomed, used to

   viņš nebija radis daudz domāt, tāpēc jutās noguris ― he wasn't used to thinking a lot, so he felt tired

   meitene pie grūta darba nav radusi ― the girl wasn't used to hard work

8. (rare, in the past passive participle form rasts) usual, well-known

   uz ciemu īstenībā ved ne viens vien ceļš, bet tā ir rasts un iegājies, ka tos citus vairs neizmanto ― in fact more than one road leads to the village, but it is well known tradition that the others are no longer used

Conjugation

	INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme)				IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme)
		Present (tagadne)	Past (pagātne)	Future (nākotne)
1st pers. sg.	es	rodu	radu	radīšu	—
2nd pers. sg.	tu	rodi	radi	radīsi	rodi
3rd pers. sg.	viņš, viņa	rod	rada	radīs	lai rod
1st pers. pl.	mēs	rodam	radām	radīsim	radīsim
2nd pers. pl.	jūs	rodat	radāt	radīsiet, radīsit	rodiet
3rd pers. pl.	viņi, viņas	rod	rada	radīs	lai rod
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme)			PARTICIPLES (divdabji)
Present	rodot		Present Active 1 (Adj.)		rodošs
Past	esot radis		Present Active 2 (Adv.)		razdams
Future	radīšot		Present Active 3 (Adv.)		rodot
Imperative	lai rodot		Present Active 4 (Obj.)		rodam
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme)			Past Active		radis
Present	rastu		Present Passive		rodams
Past	būtu radis		Past Passive		rasts
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme)			NOMINAL FORMS
Indicative	(būt) jārod		Infinitive (nenoteiksme)		rast
Conjunctive 1	esot jārod		Negative Infinitive		nerast
Conjunctive 2	jārodot		Verbal noun		rašana

conjugation of rast

Derived terms

prefixed verbs:

• aprast
• atrast
• ierast
• parast
• pierast
• sarast

other derived terms:

• rasties
• (dated term) rastīgs

Related terms

• radīt
• radi, radinieks
• rasma, rasmīgs
• raža, ražens, ražīgs

References

1. There is some doubt about the correctness of this Proto-Indo-European form. The Lexikon der Indogermanischen Verben (ref.?) proposes *redh- (“to appear, to arise”) as the source for this verb.
2. Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “rast”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Northern Kurdish

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *Hraštáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hraštás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵtós (“having moved in a straight line”), from *h₃reǵ- (“to straighten, direct”). Cognate with English right.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rɑːst/

Adjective

rast

1. straight
2. right, correct
3. right (dexter, opposite of left)
4. true, right
5. erect
6. direct

Norwegian Bokmål

Verb

rast

1. past participle of rase

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic растъ (rastŭ).

Noun

rast n (uncountable)

1. spleen inflammation

Declension

singular only	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	rast	rastul
genitive-dative	rast	rastului
vocative	rastule

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *orstъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /râːst/

Noun

rȃst m (Cyrillic spelling ра̑ст)

1. (uncountable) growth
2. (uncountable) height

Declension

	singular
nominative	rast
genitive	rasta
dative	rastu
accusative	rast
vocative	raste
locative	rastu
instrumental	rastom

Declension of rast

Related terms

• rȃsti

References

• “rast”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

Slovene

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *orstъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ráːst/

Noun

rȃst f

1. growth

Inflection

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Feminine, i-stem, long mixed accent
nominative	rást
genitive	rastí
	singular
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	rást
genitive (rodȋlnik)	rastí
dative (dajȃlnik)	rásti
accusative (tožȋlnik)	rást
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	rásti
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	rastjó

Related terms

• rásti

Further reading

• “rast”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2024

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse rǫst, from Proto-Germanic *rastō, *rastijō (“rest”), from Proto-Indo-European *ros-, *res-, *erH- (“rest”).

Noun

rast c

1. (countable or uncountable) a break (rest or pause, usually from work)

   Nu tar vi rast

   Let's take a break

2. (countable or uncountable) recess, break, breaktime (between classes in school)

   Hur lång är rasten?

   How long is recess?

Declension

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	rast	rasts
	definite	rasten	rastens
plural	indefinite	raster	rasters
	definite	rasterna	rasternas

Declension of rast

Related terms

• rasta
• rastgård
• skolrast

See also

• lov (longer break, like summer break)

References

• rast in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• rast in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• rast in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Anagrams

• arts, astr., tars, tsar

Tat

Etymology

Cognate with Persian راست (rāst).

Adjective

rast

1. right (dexter)

Turkish

Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish راست (rast), from Classical Persian راست (rāst).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɾɑst/
• Rhymes: -ɑst

Adjective

rast (dated)

1. true, correct, right

   Synonyms: doğru, düzgün

Declension

present tense
	positive, declarative	positive, interrogative	negative, declarative	negative, interrogative
ben (I am)	rastım	rast mıyım?	rast değilim	rast değil miyim?
sen (you are)	rastsın	rast mısın?	rast değilsin	rast değil misin?
o (he/she/it is)	rast / rasttır	rast mı?	rast değil	rast değil mi?
biz (we are)	rastız	rast mıyız?	rast değiliz	rast değil miyiz?
siz (you are)	rastsınız	rast mısınız?	rast değilsiniz	rast değil misiniz?
onlar (they are)	rast(lar)	rast(lar) mı?	rast değil(ler)	rast değiller mi?
past tense
	positive, declarative	positive, interrogative	negative, declarative	negative, interrogative
ben (I was)	rasttım	rast mıydım?	rast değildim	rast değil miydim?
sen (you were)	rasttın	rast mıydın?	rast değildin	rast değil miydin?
o (he/she/it was)	rasttı	rast mıydı?	rast değildi	rast değil miydi?
biz (we were)	rasttık	rast mıydık?	rast değildik	rast değil miydik?
siz (you were)	rasttınız	rast mıydınız?	rast değildiniz	rast değil miydiniz?
onlar (they were)	rasttılar	rast mıydılar?	rast değildi(ler) / değillerdi	rast değil miydiler?
indirect past
	positive, declarative	positive, interrogative	negative, declarative	negative, interrogative
ben (I was)	rastmışım	rast mıymışım?	rast değilmişim	rast değil miymişim?
sen (you were)	rastmışsın	rast mıymışsın?	rast değilmişsin	rast değil miymişsin?
o (he/she/it was)	rastmış	rast mıymış?	rast değilmiş	rast değil miymiş?
biz (we were)	rastmışız	rast mıymışız?	rast değilmişiz	rast değil miymişiz?
siz (you were)	rastmışsınız	rast mıymışsınız?	rast değilmişsiniz	rast değil miymişsiniz?
onlar (they were)	rastmışlar	rast mıymışlar?	rast değilmiş(ler) / değillermiş	rast değil miymişler?
conditional
	positive, declarative	positive, interrogative	negative, declarative	negative, interrogative
ben (if I)	rastsam	rast mıysam?	rast değilsem	rast değil miysem?
sen (if you)	rastsan	rast mıysan?	rast değilsen	rast değil miysen?
o (if he/she/it)	rastsa	rast mıysa?	rast değilse	rast değil miyse?
biz (if we)	rastsak	rast mıysak?	rast değilsek	rast değil miysek?
siz (if you)	rastsanız	rast mıysanız?	rast değilseniz	rast değil miyseniz?
onlar (if they)	rastsalar	rast mıysalar?	rast değilseler / değillerse	rast değil miyseler?

predicative forms of rast

Noun

rast (definite accusative rastı, plural rastlar)

1. (dated) coincidence

   Synonyms: rastlantı, tesadüf

2. (dated) the act of hitting a target
3. (music) rast (a kind of maqam)

Declension

Inflection
Nominative	rast
Definite accusative	rastı
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	rast	rastlar
Definite accusative	rastı	rastları
Dative	rasta	rastlara
Locative	rastta	rastlarda
Ablative	rasttan	rastlardan
Genitive	rastın	rastların
Possessive forms Nominative Singular Plural 1st singular rastım rastlarım 2nd singular rastın rastların 3rd singular rastı rastları 1st plural rastımız rastlarımız 2nd plural rastınız rastlarınız 3rd plural rastları rastları Definite accusative Singular Plural 1st singular rastımı rastlarımı 2nd singular rastını rastlarını 3rd singular rastını rastlarını 1st plural rastımızı rastlarımızı 2nd plural rastınızı rastlarınızı 3rd plural rastlarını rastlarını Dative Singular Plural 1st singular rastıma rastlarıma 2nd singular rastına rastlarına 3rd singular rastına rastlarına 1st plural rastımıza rastlarımıza 2nd plural rastınıza rastlarınıza 3rd plural rastlarına rastlarına Locative Singular Plural 1st singular rastımda rastlarımda 2nd singular rastında rastlarında 3rd singular rastında rastlarında 1st plural rastımızda rastlarımızda 2nd plural rastınızda rastlarınızda 3rd plural rastlarında rastlarında Ablative Singular Plural 1st singular rastımdan rastlarımdan 2nd singular rastından rastlarından 3rd singular rastından rastlarından 1st plural rastımızdan rastlarımızdan 2nd plural rastınızdan rastlarınızdan 3rd plural rastlarından rastlarından Genitive Singular Plural 1st singular rastımın rastlarımın 2nd singular rastının rastlarının 3rd singular rastının rastlarının 1st plural rastımızın rastlarımızın 2nd plural rastınızın rastlarınızın 3rd plural rastlarının rastlarının

Derived terms

• rastgele
• rastlamak
• rastlantı
• rastlaşmak

 

Further reading

• “rast”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “rast”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 3940a
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “rast”, in Nişanyan Sözlük