punir
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Etymology
Inherited from Old Catalan punir, from Latin pūnīre.
Pronunciation
Verb
punir (first-person singular present puneixo, first-person singular preterite puní, past participle punit)
- (transitive) to punish
- Synonym: castigar
Conjugation
| infinitive | punir | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | punint | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | punit | punida | |||||
| plural | punits | punides | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
| present | puneixo | puneixes | puneix | punim | puniu | puneixen | |
| imperfect | punia | punies | punia | puníem | puníeu | punien | |
| future | puniré | puniràs | punirà | punirem | punireu | puniran | |
| preterite | puní | punires | puní | punírem | puníreu | puniren | |
| conditional | puniria | puniries | puniria | puniríem | puniríeu | punirien | |
| subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
| present | puneixi | puneixis | puneixi | punim | puniu | puneixin | |
| imperfect | punís | punissis | punís | puníssim | puníssiu | punissin | |
| imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
| affirmative | — | puneix | puneixi | punim | puniu | puneixin | |
| negative (no) | — | no puneixis | no puneixi | no punim | no puniu | no puneixin | |
Related terms
References
- “punir” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “punir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Etymology
Inherited from Middle French punir, from Old French punir, from Latin pūnīre. May have been borrowed due to its late appearance.
Pronunciation
Verb
punir
- to punish
Conjugation
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
| infinitive | simple | punir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | punissant /py.ni.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | puni /py.ni/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | punis /py.ni/ |
punis /py.ni/ |
punit /py.ni/ |
punissons /py.ni.sɔ̃/ |
punissez /py.ni.se/ |
punissent /py.nis/ |
| imperfect | punissais /py.ni.sɛ/ |
punissais /py.ni.sɛ/ |
punissait /py.ni.sɛ/ |
punissions /py.ni.sjɔ̃/ |
punissiez /py.ni.sje/ |
punissaient /py.ni.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | punis /py.ni/ |
punis /py.ni/ |
punit /py.ni/ |
punîmes /py.nim/ |
punîtes /py.nit/ |
punirent /py.niʁ/ | |
| future | punirai /py.ni.ʁe/ |
puniras /py.ni.ʁa/ |
punira /py.ni.ʁa/ |
punirons /py.ni.ʁɔ̃/ |
punirez /py.ni.ʁe/ |
puniront /py.ni.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | punirais /py.ni.ʁɛ/ |
punirais /py.ni.ʁɛ/ |
punirait /py.ni.ʁɛ/ |
punirions /py.ni.ʁjɔ̃/ |
puniriez /py.ni.ʁje/ |
puniraient /py.ni.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | punisse /py.nis/ |
punisses /py.nis/ |
punisse /py.nis/ |
punissions /py.ni.sjɔ̃/ |
punissiez /py.ni.sje/ |
punissent /py.nis/ |
| imperfect2 | punisse /py.nis/ |
punisses /py.nis/ |
punît /py.ni/ |
punissions /py.ni.sjɔ̃/ |
punissiez /py.ni.sje/ |
punissent /py.nis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | punis /py.ni/ |
— | punissons /py.ni.sɔ̃/ |
punissez /py.ni.se/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Conjugation of punir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
Related terms
Further reading
- “punir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Etymology
Pronunciation
Verb
punir (first-person singular present puno, first-person singular preterite punín, past participle punido)
punir (first-person singular present puno, first-person singular preterite punim or puni, past participle punido, reintegrationist norm)
- (transitive) to punish
- Synonym: castigar
Conjugation
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) |
Second-person (ti) |
Third-person (el / ela / Vde.) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | punir | |||||
| Personal | punir | punires | punir | punirmos | punirdes | puniren |
| Gerund | ||||||
| punindo | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | punido | punidos | ||||
| Feminine | punida | punidas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | puno | punes | pune | punimos | punides | punen |
| Imperfect | punía | punías | punía | puniamos | puniades | punían |
| Preterite | punín | puniches | puniu | punimos | punistes | puniron |
| Pluperfect | punira | puniras | punira | puniramos | punirades | puniran |
| Future | punirei | punirás | punirá | puniremos | puniredes | punirán |
| Conditional | puniría | punirías | puniría | puniriamos | puniriades | punirían |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | puna | punas | puna | punamos | punades | punan |
| Imperfect | punise | punises | punise | punísemos | punísedes | punisen |
| Future | punir | punires | punir | punirmos | punirdes | puniren |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | pune | puna | punamos | punide | punan | |
| Negative (non) | non punas | non puna | non punamos | non punades | non punan | |
1Less recommended.
Related terms
Further reading
- “punir”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
- “punir” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
Etymology
From Old French punir, from Latin pūnīre, present infinitive of pūniō.
Verb
punir
- to punish
Descendants
- French: punir
Etymology
From Old Occitan punir, from Latin pūnīre, present infinitive of pūniō.
Pronunciation
Audio: (file)
Verb
punir
Conjugation
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Related terms
Etymology
Verb
punir
- to punish
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a second-group verb (ending in -ir, with an -iss- infix). Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | punir | avoir puni | |||||
| gerund | en punissant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
| present participle | punissant | ||||||
| past participle | puni | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | punis | punis | punist | punissons | punissez | punissent |
| imperfect | punissoie, punisseie | punissoies, punisseies | punissoit, punisseit | punissiiens, punissiens | punissiiez, punissiez | punissoient, punisseient | |
| preterite | puni | punis | puni | punimes | punistes | punirent | |
| future | punirai | puniras | punira | punirons | puniroiz, punireiz, punirez | puniront | |
| conditional | puniroie, punireie | puniroies, punireies | puniroit, punireit | puniriiens, puniriens | puniriiez, puniriez | puniroient, punireient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | punisse | punisses | punisse | punissons | punissez | punissent |
| imperfect | punisse | punisses | punist | punissons, punissiens | punissoiz, punissez, punissiez | punissent | |
| compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | punis | — | punissons | punissez | — | ||
Descendants
Etymology
Verb
punir
- to punish
Descendants
- Occitan: punir
Etymology
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: pu‧nir
Verb
punir (first-person singular present puno, first-person singular preterite puni, past participle punido)
- (transitive) to punish
Conjugation
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | punir | |||||
| Personal | punir | punires | punir | punirmos | punirdes | punirem |
| Gerund | ||||||
| punindo | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | punido | punidos | ||||
| Feminine | punida | punidas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | puno | punes | pune | punimos | punis | punem |
| Imperfect | punia | punias | punia | puníamos | puníeis | puniam |
| Preterite | puni | puniste | puniu | punimos | punistes | puniram |
| Pluperfect | punira | puniras | punira | puníramos | puníreis | puniram |
| Future | punirei | punirás | punirá | puniremos | punireis | punirão |
| Conditional | puniria | punirias | puniria | puniríamos | puniríeis | puniriam |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | puna | punas | puna | punamos | punais | punam |
| Imperfect | punisse | punisses | punisse | puníssemos | punísseis | punissem |
| Future | punir | punires | punir | punirmos | punirdes | punirem |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | pune | puna | punamos | puni | punam | |
| Negative (não) | não punas | não puna | não punamos | não punais | não punam | |
Related terms
Further reading
- “punir”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2024
- “punir”, in Dicionário inFormal (in Portuguese), 2006–2024
- “punir” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
- “punir”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
- “punir”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2024
- “punir”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024
Etymology
Pronunciation
Verb
punir (first-person singular present puno, first-person singular preterite puní, past participle punido)
- (transitive) to punish
- Synonym: castigar
Conjugation
| infinitive | punir | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | puniendo | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | punido | punida | |||||
| plural | punidos | punidas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | puno | punestú punísvos |
pune | punimos | punís | punen | |
| imperfect | punía | punías | punía | puníamos | puníais | punían | |
| preterite | puní | puniste | punió | punimos | punisteis | punieron | |
| future | puniré | punirás | punirá | puniremos | puniréis | punirán | |
| conditional | puniría | punirías | puniría | puniríamos | puniríais | punirían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | puna | punastú punásvos2 |
puna | punamos | punáis | punan | |
| imperfect (ra) |
puniera | punieras | puniera | puniéramos | punierais | punieran | |
| imperfect (se) |
puniese | punieses | puniese | puniésemos | punieseis | puniesen | |
| future1 | puniere | punieres | puniere | puniéremos | puniereis | punieren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
| affirmative | punetú punívos |
puna | punamos | punid | punan | ||
| negative | no punas | no puna | no punamos | no punáis | no punan | ||
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive punir | |||||||
| dative | punirme | punirte | punirle, punirse | punirnos | puniros | punirles, punirse | |
| accusative | punirme | punirte | punirlo, punirla, punirse | punirnos | puniros | punirlos, punirlas, punirse | |
| with gerund puniendo | |||||||
| dative | puniéndome | puniéndote | puniéndole, puniéndose | puniéndonos | puniéndoos | puniéndoles, puniéndose | |
| accusative | puniéndome | puniéndote | puniéndolo, puniéndola, puniéndose | puniéndonos | puniéndoos | puniéndolos, puniéndolas, puniéndose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative pune | |||||||
| dative | púneme | púnete | púnele | púnenos | not used | púneles | |
| accusative | púneme | púnete | púnelo, púnela | púnenos | not used | púnelos, púnelas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative puní | |||||||
| dative | punime | punite | punile | puninos | not used | puniles | |
| accusative | punime | punite | punilo, punila | puninos | not used | punilos, punilas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative puna | |||||||
| dative | púname | not used | púnale, púnase | púnanos | not used | púnales | |
| accusative | púname | not used | púnalo, púnala, púnase | púnanos | not used | púnalos, púnalas | |
| with first-person plural imperative punamos | |||||||
| dative | not used | punámoste | punámosle | punámonos | punámoos | punámosles | |
| accusative | not used | punámoste | punámoslo, punámosla | punámonos | punámoos | punámoslos, punámoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative punid | |||||||
| dative | punidme | not used | punidle | punidnos | puníos | punidles | |
| accusative | punidme | not used | punidlo, punidla | punidnos | puníos | punidlos, punidlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative punan | |||||||
| dative | púnanme | not used | púnanle | púnannos | not used | púnanles, púnanse | |
| accusative | púnanme | not used | púnanlo, púnanla | púnannos | not used | púnanlos, púnanlas, púnanse | |
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “punir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy, 2023 November 28
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