murmurar

Galician

Alternative forms

• marmurar (popular form)

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese murmurar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), probably borrowed from Latin murmurāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [muɾmuˈɾaɾ]

Verb

murmurar (first-person singular present murmuro, first-person singular preterite murmurei, past participle murmurado)

1. to speak negatively about someone who is not present; to gossip

   Synonym: rexoubar

   • 1886, Antonio Machado y Alvarez, Folk-lore español: Biblioteca de las tradiciones populares españoles ..., page 212:

     Por cantar e estar alegre /nunca se perdeu ninguén /pérdese por marmurar /vidas de xente de ben.

     Singing and having fun /never damned no one /but the lives of good people/ are lost because of gossiping

2. to murmur, whisper
3. to mutter, grumble

   Synonym: rosmar

Conjugation

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	murmurar
Personal	murmurar	murmurares	murmurar	murmurarmos	murmurardes	murmuraren
Gerund
	murmurando
Past participle
Masculine	murmurado			murmurados
Feminine	murmurada			murmuradas
Indicative
Present	murmuro	murmuras	murmura	murmuramos	murmurades	murmuran
Imperfect	murmuraba	murmurabas	murmuraba	murmurabamos	murmurabades	murmuraban
Preterite	murmurei	murmuraches	murmurou	murmuramos	murmurastes	murmuraron
Pluperfect	murmurara	murmuraras	murmurara	murmuraramos	murmurarades	murmuraran
Future	murmurarei	murmurarás	murmurará	murmuraremos	murmuraredes	murmurarán
Conditional	murmuraría	murmurarías	murmuraría	murmurariamos	murmurariades	murmurarían
Subjunctive
Present	murmure	murmures	murmure	murmuremos	murmuredes	murmuren
Imperfect	murmurase	murmurases	murmurase	murmurásemos	murmurásedes	murmurasen
Future	murmurar	murmurares	murmurar	murmurarmos	murmurardes	murmuraren
Imperative
Affirmative		murmura	murmure	murmuremos	murmurade	murmuren
Negative (non)		non murmures	non murmure	non murmuremos	non murmuredes	non murmuren

    Conjugation of murmurar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	murmurar
Personal	murmurar	murmurares	murmurar	murmurarmos	murmurardes	murmurarem
Gerund
	murmurando
Past participle
Masculine	murmurado			murmurados
Feminine	murmurada			murmuradas
Indicative
Present	murmuro	murmuras	murmura	murmuramos	murmurades, murmurais	murmuram
Imperfect	murmurava	murmuravas	murmurava	murmurávamos	murmurávades, murmuráveis, murmurávais1	murmuravam
Preterite	murmurei	murmuraste, murmurache1	murmurou	murmuramos	murmurastes	murmurárom, murmuraram
Pluperfect	murmurara	murmuraras	murmurara	murmuráramos	murmurárades, murmuráreis, murmurárais1	murmuraram
Future	murmurarei	murmurarás	murmurará	murmuraremos	murmuraredes, murmurareis	murmurarám, murmurarão
Conditional	murmuraria	murmurarias	murmuraria	murmuraríamos	murmuraríades, murmuraríeis, murmuraríais1	murmurariam
Subjunctive
Present	murmure	murmures	murmure	murmuremos	murmuredes, murmureis	murmurem
Imperfect	murmurasse	murmurasses	murmurasse	murmurássemos	murmurássedes, murmurásseis	murmurassem
Future	murmurar	murmurares	murmurar	murmurarmos	murmurardes	murmurarem
Imperative
Affirmative		murmura	murmure	murmuremos	murmurade, murmurai	murmurem
Negative (nom)		nom murmures	nom murmure	nom murmuremos	nom murmuredes, nom murmureis	nom murmurem

    Reintegrated conjugation of murmurar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

¹Less recommended.

Derived terms

• murmuración
• murmurador

Related terms

• murmurio

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “murmurar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “murmur”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “marmurar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “murmurar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “murmurar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “murmurar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “murmurar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese murmurar, probably borrowed from Latin murmurāre.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /muʁ.muˈɾa(ʁ)/ [muɦ.muˈɾa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /muʁ.muˈɾa(ʁ)/ [muɦ.muˈɾa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /muɾ.muˈɾa(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /muʁ.muˈɾa(ʁ)/ [muʁ.muˈɾa(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /muɻ.muˈɾa(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /muɾ.muˈɾaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /muɾ.muˈɾaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /muɾ.muˈɾa.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: mur‧mu‧rar

Verb

murmurar (first-person singular present murmuro, first-person singular preterite murmurei, past participle murmurado)

1. to murmur, whisper
2. to mutter, grumble
3. to ripple
4. to rustle

Conjugation

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	murmurar
Personal	murmurar	murmurares	murmurar	murmurarmos	murmurardes	murmurarem
Gerund
	murmurando
Past participle
Masculine	murmurado			murmurados
Feminine	murmurada			murmuradas
Indicative
Present	murmuro	murmuras	murmura	murmuramos	murmurais	murmuram
Imperfect	murmurava	murmuravas	murmurava	murmurávamos	murmuráveis	murmuravam
Preterite	murmurei	murmuraste	murmurou	murmuramos1, murmurámos2	murmurastes	murmuraram
Pluperfect	murmurara	murmuraras	murmurara	murmuráramos	murmuráreis	murmuraram
Future	murmurarei	murmurarás	murmurará	murmuraremos	murmurareis	murmurarão
Conditional	murmuraria	murmurarias	murmuraria	murmuraríamos	murmuraríeis	murmurariam
Subjunctive
Present	murmure	murmures	murmure	murmuremos	murmureis	murmurem
Imperfect	murmurasse	murmurasses	murmurasse	murmurássemos	murmurásseis	murmurassem
Future	murmurar	murmurares	murmurar	murmurarmos	murmurardes	murmurarem
Imperative
Affirmative		murmura	murmure	murmuremos	murmurai	murmurem
Negative (não)		não murmures	não murmure	não murmuremos	não murmureis	não murmurem

    Conjugation of murmurar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Related terms

• murmúrio m

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish murmurar, borrowed from Latin murmurāre.^[1] Cf. also the popular Old Spanish variant mormurar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /muɾmuˈɾaɾ/ [muɾ.muˈɾaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: mur‧mu‧rar

Verb

murmurar (first-person singular present murmuro, first-person singular preterite murmuré, past participle murmurado)

1. (transitive) to murmur, to mutter
2. (intransitive) to murmur
3. (intransitive) to gossip

Conjugation

infinitive			murmurar
gerund			murmurando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		murmurado		murmurada
		plural		murmurados		murmuradas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	murmuro	murmurastú murmurásvos	murmura	murmuramos	murmuráis	murmuran
	imperfect	murmuraba	murmurabas	murmuraba	murmurábamos	murmurabais	murmuraban
	preterite	murmuré	murmuraste	murmuró	murmuramos	murmurasteis	murmuraron
	future	murmuraré	murmurarás	murmurará	murmuraremos	murmuraréis	murmurarán
	conditional	murmuraría	murmurarías	murmuraría	murmuraríamos	murmuraríais	murmurarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	murmure	murmurestú murmurésvos2	murmure	murmuremos	murmuréis	murmuren
	imperfect (ra)	murmurara	murmuraras	murmurara	murmuráramos	murmurarais	murmuraran
	imperfect (se)	murmurase	murmurases	murmurase	murmurásemos	murmuraseis	murmurasen
	future1	murmurare	murmurares	murmurare	murmuráremos	murmurareis	murmuraren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		murmuratú murmurávos	murmure	murmuremos	murmurad	murmuren
	negative		no murmures	no murmure	no murmuremos	no murmuréis	no murmuren

    Conjugation of murmurar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive murmurar	dative	murmurarme	murmurarte	murmurarle, murmurarse	murmurarnos	murmuraros	murmurarles, murmurarse
	accusative	murmurarme	murmurarte	murmurarlo, murmurarla, murmurarse	murmurarnos	murmuraros	murmurarlos, murmurarlas, murmurarse
with gerund murmurando	dative	murmurándome	murmurándote	murmurándole, murmurándose	murmurándonos	murmurándoos	murmurándoles, murmurándose
	accusative	murmurándome	murmurándote	murmurándolo, murmurándola, murmurándose	murmurándonos	murmurándoos	murmurándolos, murmurándolas, murmurándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative murmura	dative	murmúrame	murmúrate	murmúrale	murmúranos	not used	murmúrales
	accusative	murmúrame	murmúrate	murmúralo, murmúrala	murmúranos	not used	murmúralos, murmúralas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative murmurá	dative	murmurame	murmurate	murmurale	murmuranos	not used	murmurales
	accusative	murmurame	murmurate	murmuralo, murmurala	murmuranos	not used	murmuralos, murmuralas
with formal second-person singular imperative murmure	dative	murmúreme	not used	murmúrele, murmúrese	murmúrenos	not used	murmúreles
	accusative	murmúreme	not used	murmúrelo, murmúrela, murmúrese	murmúrenos	not used	murmúrelos, murmúrelas
with first-person plural imperative murmuremos	dative	not used	murmurémoste	murmurémosle	murmurémonos	murmurémoos	murmurémosles
	accusative	not used	murmurémoste	murmurémoslo, murmurémosla	murmurémonos	murmurémoos	murmurémoslos, murmurémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative murmurad	dative	murmuradme	not used	murmuradle	murmuradnos	murmuraos	murmuradles
	accusative	murmuradme	not used	murmuradlo, murmuradla	murmuradnos	murmuraos	murmuradlos, murmuradlas
with formal second-person plural imperative murmuren	dative	murmúrenme	not used	murmúrenle	murmúrennos	not used	murmúrenles, murmúrense
	accusative	murmúrenme	not used	murmúrenlo, murmúrenla	murmúrennos	not used	murmúrenlos, murmúrenlas, murmúrense

    Selected combined forms of murmurar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

Related terms

• murmullo
• murmuración
• murmurio

See also

• chismear

References

1. Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “murmurar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

Further reading

• “murmurar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10