murmurar

Galician

Alternative forms

• marmurar (popular form)

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese murmurar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), probably borrowed from Latin murmurāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [muɾmuˈɾaɾ]

Verb

murmurar (first-person singular present murmuro, first-person singular preterite murmurei, past participle murmurado)

1. to speak negatively about someone who is not present; to gossip

   Synonym: rexoubar

   • 1886, Antonio Machado y Alvarez, Folk-lore español: Biblioteca de las tradiciones populares españoles ..., page 212:

     Por cantar e estar alegre /nunca se perdeu ninguén /pérdese por marmurar /vidas de xente de ben.

     Singing and having fun /never damned no one /but the lives of good people/ are lost because of gossiping

2. to murmur, whisper
3. to mutter, grumble

   Synonym: rosmar

Conjugation

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	murmurar
Personal	murmurar	murmurares	murmurar	murmurarmos	murmurardes	murmuraren
Gerund
	murmurando
Past participle
Masculine	murmurado			murmurados
Feminine	murmurada			murmuradas
Indicative
Present	murmuro	murmuras	murmura	murmuramos	murmurades	murmuran
Imperfect	murmuraba	murmurabas	murmuraba	murmurabamos	murmurabades	murmuraban
Preterite	murmurei	murmuraches	murmurou	murmuramos	murmurastes	murmuraron
Pluperfect	murmurara	murmuraras	murmurara	murmuraramos	murmurarades	murmuraran
Future	murmurarei	murmurarás	murmurará	murmuraremos	murmuraredes	murmurarán
Conditional	murmuraría	murmurarías	murmuraría	murmurariamos	murmurariades	murmurarían
Subjunctive
Present	murmure	murmures	murmure	murmuremos	murmuredes	murmuren
Imperfect	murmurase	murmurases	murmurase	murmurásemos	murmurásedes	murmurasen
Future	murmurar	murmurares	murmurar	murmurarmos	murmurardes	murmuraren
Imperative
Affirmative		murmura	murmure	murmuremos	murmurade	murmuren
Negative (non)		non murmures	non murmure	non murmuremos	non murmuredes	non murmuren

    Conjugation of murmurar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	murmurar
Personal	murmurar	murmurares	murmurar	murmurarmos	murmurardes	murmurarem
Gerund
	murmurando
Past participle
Masculine	murmurado			murmurados
Feminine	murmurada			murmuradas
Indicative
Present	murmuro	murmuras	murmura	murmuramos	murmurades, murmurais	murmuram
Imperfect	murmurava	murmuravas	murmurava	murmurávamos	murmurávades, murmuráveis, murmurávais1	murmuravam
Preterite	murmurei	murmuraste, murmurache1	murmurou	murmuramos	murmurastes	murmurárom, murmuraram
Pluperfect	murmurara	murmuraras	murmurara	murmuráramos	murmurárades, murmuráreis, murmurárais1	murmuraram
Future	murmurarei	murmurarás	murmurará	murmuraremos	murmuraredes, murmurareis	murmurarám, murmurarão
Conditional	murmuraria	murmurarias	murmuraria	murmuraríamos	murmuraríades, murmuraríeis, murmuraríais1	murmurariam
Subjunctive
Present	murmure	murmures	murmure	murmuremos	murmuredes, murmureis	murmurem
Imperfect	murmurasse	murmurasses	murmurasse	murmurássemos	murmurássedes, murmurásseis	murmurassem
Future	murmurar	murmurares	murmurar	murmurarmos	murmurardes	murmurarem
Imperative
Affirmative		murmura	murmure	murmuremos	murmurade, murmurai	murmurem
Negative (nom)		nom murmures	nom murmure	nom murmuremos	nom murmuredes, nom murmureis	nom murmurem

    Reintegrated conjugation of murmurar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

¹Less recommended.

Derived terms

• murmuración
• murmurador

Related terms

• murmurio

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “murmurar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “murmur”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “marmurar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “murmurar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “murmurar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “murmurar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “murmurar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese murmurar, probably borrowed from Latin murmurāre.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /muʁ.muˈɾa(ʁ)/ [muɦ.muˈɾa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /muʁ.muˈɾa(ʁ)/ [muɦ.muˈɾa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /muɾ.muˈɾa(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /muʁ.muˈɾa(ʁ)/ [muʁ.muˈɾa(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /muɻ.muˈɾa(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /muɾ.muˈɾaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /muɾ.muˈɾaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /muɾ.muˈɾa.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: mur‧mu‧rar

Verb

murmurar (first-person singular present murmuro, first-person singular preterite murmurei, past participle murmurado)

1. to murmur, whisper
2. to mutter, grumble
3. to ripple
4. to rustle

Conjugation

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	murmurar
Personal	murmurar	murmurares	murmurar	murmurarmos	murmurardes	murmurarem
Gerund
	murmurando
Past participle
Masculine	murmurado			murmurados
Feminine	murmurada			murmuradas
Indicative
Present	murmuro	murmuras	murmura	murmuramos	murmurais	murmuram
Imperfect	murmurava	murmuravas	murmurava	murmurávamos	murmuráveis	murmuravam
Preterite	murmurei	murmuraste	murmurou	murmuramos1, murmurámos2	murmurastes	murmuraram
Pluperfect	murmurara	murmuraras	murmurara	murmuráramos	murmuráreis	murmuraram
Future	murmurarei	murmurarás	murmurará	murmuraremos	murmurareis	murmurarão
Conditional	murmuraria	murmurarias	murmuraria	murmuraríamos	murmuraríeis	murmurariam
Subjunctive
Present	murmure	murmures	murmure	murmuremos	murmureis	murmurem
Imperfect	murmurasse	murmurasses	murmurasse	murmurássemos	murmurásseis	murmurassem
Future	murmurar	murmurares	murmurar	murmurarmos	murmurardes	murmurarem
Imperative
Affirmative		murmura	murmure	murmuremos	murmurai	murmurem
Negative (não)		não murmures	não murmure	não murmuremos	não murmureis	não murmurem

    Conjugation of murmurar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Related terms

• murmúrio m