kul

See also: Appendix:Variations of "kul"

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian * ̊kull-, from Proto-Indo-European *kwel- (“to revolve, twist”). Occurs almost exclusively in prefixed form with për-. Probably related to ul.

Verb

kul (aorist (për)kula, participle (për)kulur)

1. to bend, crouch, bow

Derived terms

• përkul

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkul]

Participle

kul

1. masculine singular past active participle of kout

Danish

Etymology 1

From Old Norse kol, from Proto-Germanic *kulą, cognate with Swedish kol, German Kohle, Dutch kool, English coal.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kol/, [ˈkʰɔl]

Noun

kul n (singular definite kullet, plural indefinite kul)

1. coal

Declension

neuter gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	kul	kullet	kul	kullene
genitive	kuls	kullets	kuls	kullenes

Declension of kul

Derived terms

• brunkul
• grillkul
• kulgrube
• kulhandel
• kulilte
• kulkraft
• kulkælder
• kullag
• kulmine
• kulsyre
• kultegning
• kultveilte
• stenkul

 

References

• “kul” in Den Danske Ordbog

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kuːˀl/, [ˈkʰuˀl]

Verb

kul

1. imperative of kule

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kʏl/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ʏl

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch cul, kul (“testicle”), from Old French coille, from Latin cōleus (“testicle”).

Noun

kul f (plural kullen, diminutive kulletje n)

1. (obsolete) testicle
2. (dialectal) marble (small ball used in various games)
3. (obsolete) loser, wuss, wimp

Derived terms

• beverskul
• flauwekul
• kulkoek
• kullen
• vossenkulletje

 

Etymology 2

Clipping of flauwekul, a univerbation of the adjective flauw (“insipid, tasteless”) and the noun kul (“testicle”).

Noun

kul m (uncountable)

1. nonsense, rubbish

Derived terms

• kulargument
• kulverhaal

 

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kʰʏːl]
• Rhymes: -ʏːl

Noun

kul n (genitive singular kuls, no plural)

1. (light) breeze

   Synonym: gola

Declension

	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	kul	kulið
accusative	kul	kulið
dative	kuli	kulinu
genitive	kuls	kulsins

Declension of kul (sg-only neuter)

Karaim

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kul.

Noun

kul

1. slave

References

• N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “kul”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

Related to the noun kule

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kʉːl/
• Rhymes: -ʉːl

Noun

kul m (definite singular kulen, indefinite plural kuler, definite plural kulene)

1. bump, swelling (in the head or on a level surface)

Etymology 2

From Swedish kul, with meaning influenced by English cool.

Alternative forms

• kuul

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kʉːl/
• Rhymes: -ʉːl

Adjective

kul (masculine and feminine kul, neuter kult, definite singular and plural kule, comparative kulere, indefinite superlative kulest, definite superlative kuleste)

1. cool (awesome)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kʉːl/
• Rhymes: -ʉːl

Verb

kul

1. imperative of kule

References

• “kul” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• NAOB

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Related to the noun kule

Noun

kul m (definite singular kulen, indefinite plural kular, definite plural kulane)

1. bump, swelling (in the head or on a level surface)

Etymology 2

From Swedish kul, with meaning influenced by English cool.

Adjective

kul (neuter kult, definite singular and plural kule, comparative kulare, indefinite superlative kulast, definite superlative kulaste)

1. cool (awesome)

Etymology 3

Verb

kul

1. imperative of kule

References

• “kul” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkul/
• Rhymes: -ul
• Syllabification: kul
• Homophone: cool

Noun

kul f

1. genitive plural of kula

   Synonym: kuli

Verb

kul

1. second-person singular imperative of kulić

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From English cool.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kûːl/

Adjective

kȗl (Cyrillic spelling ку̑л)

1. cool: popular, great, in fashion

   Taj frajer je zbilja kul! — That dude is really cool!

Adverb

kȗl (Cyrillic spelling ку̑л)

1. cool, in a cool manner

Sumerian

Romanization

kul

1. Romanization of 𒆰 (kul)

Swedish

Etymology

Of unclear origin. Perhaps a clipping from an earlier kulan, from kula. First seen in 1911.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kʉːl/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ʉːl

Adjective

kul (comparative mer kul, superlative mest kul)

1. fun

   Det är kul att åka skateboard

   It's fun to ride a skateboard

2. funny

   Vill du höra ett kul skämt?

   Want to hear a funny joke?

3. (nominalized) fun things

   Det finns mycket kul att göra på stadsfestivalen

   There are lots of fun things to do at the city festival

Declension

No inflected forms. Sometimes kulig is used colloquially when inflected forms are needed.

Related terms

• jättekul
• kulig
• skitkul

See also

• kula
• rolig
• skoj

References

• kul in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• kul in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• kul in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Tocharian B

Etymology

Unknown.

Noun

kul ?

1. bell

Further reading

• Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “kul”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 196

Turkish

Etymology

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish قول (kul, “male slave, servant”), from Old Anatolian Turkish قل (qul), from Proto-Turkic *kul (“slave, servant”).^[1] Cognate to Old Turkic 𐰴𐰆𐰞 (qul, “slave”), Karakhanid قُلْ (qul, “slave”), Kazakh құл (qūl), Khakas хул (xul).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkʊl/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: kul

Noun

kul (definite accusative kulu, plural kullar)

1. slave (sense as a noun mostly archaic, except "kul köle" and similar idioms - even figuratively, where "köle" is commoner. An exception is the verb form "kulluk yapmak, "to serve" in pejorative sense)
2. servant
3. position of man according to God (No equivalent, even in "servant" of the lord this sense is preserved. In this context "mortal" sense in vernacular is understood, versus an "immortal god")

Declension

Inflection
Nominative	kul
Definite accusative	kulu
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	kul	kullar
Definite accusative	kulu	kulları
Dative	kula	kullara
Locative	kulda	kullarda
Ablative	kuldan	kullardan
Genitive	kulun	kulların
Possessive forms Nominative Singular Plural 1st singular kulum kullarım 2nd singular kulun kulların 3rd singular kulu kulları 1st plural kulumuz kullarımız 2nd plural kulunuz kullarınız 3rd plural kulları kulları Definite accusative Singular Plural 1st singular kulumu kullarımı 2nd singular kulunu kullarını 3rd singular kulunu kullarını 1st plural kulumuzu kullarımızı 2nd plural kulunuzu kullarınızı 3rd plural kullarını kullarını Dative Singular Plural 1st singular kuluma kullarıma 2nd singular kuluna kullarına 3rd singular kuluna kullarına 1st plural kulumuza kullarımıza 2nd plural kulunuza kullarınıza 3rd plural kullarına kullarına Locative Singular Plural 1st singular kulumda kullarımda 2nd singular kulunda kullarında 3rd singular kulunda kullarında 1st plural kulumuzda kullarımızda 2nd plural kulunuzda kullarınızda 3rd plural kullarında kullarında Ablative Singular Plural 1st singular kulumdan kullarımdan 2nd singular kulundan kullarından 3rd singular kulundan kullarından 1st plural kulumuzdan kullarımızdan 2nd plural kulunuzdan kullarınızdan 3rd plural kullarından kullarından Genitive Singular Plural 1st singular kulumun kullarımın 2nd singular kulunun kullarının 3rd singular kulunun kullarının 1st plural kulumuzun kullarımızın 2nd plural kulunuzun kullarınızın 3rd plural kullarının kullarının
Predicative forms Singular Plural 1st singular kulum kullarım 2nd singular kulsun kullarsın 3rd singular kul kuldur kullar kullardır 1st plural kuluz kullarız 2nd plural kulsunuz kullarsınız 3rd plural kullar kullardır

Related terms

• kullu
• kulsuz
• kulluk
• kulluk yapmak, kulluk etmek, kul olmak
• kullanmak
• kul köle
• hatasız kul olmaz

See also

• köle

References

1. Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*Kul”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎, Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

Yucatec Maya

Verb

kul (positional)

1. to sit