kovati

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Old Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kovati.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (13th CE) /ˈkoʋaci/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /ˈkovaci/

Verb

kovati impf

  1. to forge, to hammer
    kovati zraduto prepare a betrayal

Conjugation

More information infinitive, supine ...
infinitive supine verbal noun
kovati kovat kovánie
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More information Present, Imperative ...
Present Imperative
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st person kujukujevě (-va)kujem (-me/-my) kujvě (-va)kujme (-my)
2nd person kuješkujetakujete kujkujtakujte
3rd person kujekujetakujú kujkujtakujte
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More information Sigmatic aorist, Imperfect ...
Sigmatic aorist Imperfect
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
1st person kovachkovachově (-va)kovachom (-me/-my) kovách, kujiechkováchově, kujiechově (-va)kováchom, kujiechom (-me/-my)
2nd person kovakovasta (-šta)kovaste (-šte) kováše, kujiešekovášta, kujiešta (-sta)kovášte, kujiešte (-ste)
3rd person kovakovasta (-šta)kovachu kováše, kujiešekovášta, kujiešta (-sta)kováchu, kujiechu
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More information L-participle, Passive participle ...
L-participle Passive participle
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
Masculine koval kovala kovali kován kována kováni
Feminine kovala kovale kovaly kována kováně kovány
Neuter kovalo kovale kovala kováno kováně kována
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More information Nt-participle, S-participle ...
Nt-participle S-participle
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
Masculine kujě kujúce kovav kovavše
Feminine kujúci kovavši
Neuter kujě, kujúci kovav, kovavši
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Derived terms

Descendants

  • Czech: kovat, kout

Further reading

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kovati, analogical form of *kuti.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kǒʋati/
  • Hyphenation: ko‧va‧ti

Verb

kòvati impf (Cyrillic spelling ко̀вати)

  1. (transitive) to forge
  2. (transitive) to mint, coin
  3. (transitive) to plot, hatch

Conjugation

More information Infinitive: kovati, Present verbal adverb: kȕjūći ...
Infinitive: kovati Present verbal adverb: kȕjūći Past verbal adverb: Verbal noun: kòvānje
Number Singular Plural
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Verbal forms ja ti on / ona / ono mi vi oni / one / ona
Present kujem kuješ kuje kujemo kujete kuju
Future Future I kovat ću1
kovaću
kovat ćeš1
kovaćeš
kovat će1
kovaće
kovat ćemo1
kovaćemo
kovat ćete1
kovaćete
kovat ćē1
kovaće
Future II bȕdēm kovao2 bȕdēš kovao2 bȕdē kovao2 bȕdēmo kovali2 bȕdēte kovali2 bȕdū kovali2
Past Perfect kovao sam2 kovao si2 kovao je2 kovali smo2 kovali ste2 kovali su2
Pluperfect3 bȉo sam kovao2 bȉo si kovao2 bȉo je kovao2 bíli smo kovali2 bíli ste kovali2 bíli su kovali2
Imperfect kovah kovaše kovaše kovasmo kovaste kovahu
Conditional I kovao bih2 kovao bi2 kovao bi2 kovali bismo2 kovali biste2 kovali bi2
Conditional II4 bȉo bih kovao2 bȉo bi kovao2 bȉo bi kovao2 bíli bismo kovali2 bíli biste kovali2 bíli bi kovali2
Imperative kuj kujmo kujte
Active past participle kovao m / kovala f / kovalo n kovali m / kovale f / kovala n
Passive past participle kovan m / kovana f / kovano n kovani m / kovane f / kovana n
1   Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic.
2   For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively.
3   Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped.

4   Often replaced by the conditional I in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped.
  *Note: The aorist and imperfect were not present in, or have nowadays fallen into disuse in, many dialects and therefore they are routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech.

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Derived terms

  • iskòvati
  • nakòvati
  • okòvati
  • otkòvati
  • potkòvati
  • prekòvati
  • prikòvati
  • raskòvati
  • skòvati
  • ukòvati
  • zakòvati

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *kovati, analogical form of *kuti.

Pronunciation

Verb

kováti impf

  1. to forge

Inflection

More information -ovati -ujem (AP c), infinitive ...
-ovati -ujem (AP c)
infinitive kováti
1st singular kújem
infinitive kováti kovȁt
supine kovȃt
verbal noun kovȃnje
participle converb
present kujọ̄č kovȃje
past kován
l-participle masculine feminine neuter
singular kovȃł kovála kovȃlo
dual kovȃla kovȃli kovȃli
plural kovȃli kovȃle kovȃla
present imperative
1st singular kújem
2nd singular kúješ kūj
3rd singular kúje
1st dual kújeva kȗjva
2nd dual kújeta kȗjta
3rd dual kújeta
1st plural kújemo kȗjmo
2nd plural kújete kȗjte
3rd plural kújejo
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Derived terms

Further reading

  • kovati”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2025

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