kal

See also: kaļ, kał, kál, kâl, kål, ką̊l, käl-, -kal, -kál, -kal-, -kał, and кал

Translingual

Symbol

kal

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Greenlandic.

Acholi

Noun

kál

1. millet

Assangori

Noun

kal

1. water

References

• Elaine, Bombay, Enquête sociolinguistique sur les langues tama et assangori parlers du Tchad et du Soudan (2007)

Atong (India)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kal/

Noun

kal (Bengali script কাল)

1. horn (traditional instrument)

References

• van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.

Azerbaijani

Other scripts

Cyrillic		کال
Abjad		кал

Etymology

From Persian کال.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [cɑɫ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Adjective

kal (comparative daha kal, superlative ən kal)

1. unripe

   Synonyms: dəyməmiş, yetişməmiş, göy

2. dull, stupid

   Synonyms: key, küt, kütbeyin, gecanlayan, tupoy

3. (of voice) hoarse

   Synonyms: tutqun, boğunuq

4. only used in yuxudan kal durmaq tired, half asleep, sleep-deprived

   Yuxudan kal durmuşam. ― I woke up tired, I didn't get enough sleep.

Further reading

• “kal” in Obastan.com.

Central Nahuatl

Noun

kal

1. house.

Cornish

Alternative forms

• kalgh

Etymology

Variant of kalgh.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kal/

Noun

kal m (plural kalyow)

1. (anatomy) penis

Czech

Czech Wikipedia has an article on:

kal

Wikipedia ^cs

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkal]
• Rhymes: -al

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ.

Noun

kal m inan

1. dregs (suspended sediment or other particles in a liquid)

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	kal	kaly
genitive	kalu	kalů
dative	kalu	kalům
accusative	kal	kaly
vocative	kale	kaly
locative	kalu	kalech
instrumental	kalem	kaly

Declension of kal (hard masculine inanimate)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

kal

1. second-person singular imperative of kalit

Further reading

• “kal”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “kal”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “kal”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

kal

1. inflection of kallen:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
   3. imperative

Anagrams

• alk, lak

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From Portuguese qual.

Pronoun

kal

1. what

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkʰaːl/
• Rhymes: -aːl

Noun

kal n (genitive singular kals, no plural)

1. frostbite

Declension

	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	kal	kalið
accusative	kal	kalið
dative	kali	kalinu
genitive	kals	kalsins

Declension of kal (sg-only neuter)

Derived terms

• kalinn
• kalsár

Anagrams

• lak

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

From Portuguese qual.

Pronoun

kal

1. which

Kholosi

Etymology

From Paisaci Prakrit [Term?] (compare Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀓𑀮𑁆𑀮 (kalla)), from Sanskrit कल्य (kalya).

Adverb

kal

1. yesterday

   Antonym: sabô

References

• Rezaei, Tahereh (2020) First notes on the syntax of Kholosi as a heritage language in the south of Iran‎, Hormozgan Cultural Heritage, Handcrafts & Tourism Organization

Kristang

Etymology

From Portuguese qual.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kal/

Pronoun

kal

1. (interrogative) what; which^[1]
2. (relative) which^[2]

References

• Ladislav Prištic (2010) Kristang - Crioulo de Base Portuguesa (in Kristang), Masaryk University

1. Prištic, p. 27
2. Prištic, p. 27

Ladino

Ladino Wikipedia has an article on:

kal

Wikipedia ^lad

Etymology

Borrowed from Hebrew קָהָל (qahál, “community”).

Pronunciation

• Audio (Istanbul):

  (file)

Noun

kal m (Hebrew spelling קאל)^[1]

1. (countable, Judaism) synagogue (a place of worship for Jews or Samaritans)

   Synonyms: esnoga, sinagoga

   • 2005, Aki Yerushalayim‎, volumes 26–28, page 60:

     Se torno el haham dezesperado a su kaza i komio kon muncha ansia, despues de lo kualo metio su vestido blanko de Yom Kippur i entro al kal.

     The sagely yet desperate rabbi returned home and ate anxiously, after which he put on white clothes for Yom Kippur and entered the synagogue.

2. (countable) community

   Synonym: komunita

References

1. “kal”, in Trezoro de la Lengua Djudeoespanyola.

Further reading

• Aitor García Moreno, editor (2013–), “caħal”, in Diccionario Histórico Judeoespañol (in Spanish), CSIC
• Joseph Nehama, Jesús Cantera (1977) “kal”, in Dictionnaire du Judéo-Espagnol (in French), Madrid: CSIC, →ISBN, page 261
• Elli Kohen & Dahlia Kohen-Gordon (2000) “kal”, in Ladino–English Concise Encyclopedic Dictionary, Hippocrene Books, →ISBN, page 205
• Recuero, Pascual (1977) “kal”, in Diccionario Básico Ladino-Español (in Spanish), 2nd edition, Barcelona: Riopiedras Ediciones, →ISBN, page 76

Latvian

Verb

kal

1. inflection of kalt:
   1. second-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Luxembourgish

Etymology

From Middle High German and Old High German *kald, northern variant of kalt.

Cognate with German kalt, Dutch koud, English cold, Icelandic kaldur, West Frisian kâld.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kaːl/
• Rhymes: -aːl

Adjective

kal (masculine kalen, neuter kaalt, comparative méi kal, superlative am keelsten)

1. cold

Declension

Declension of kal

		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		hien ass kal	si ass kal	et ass kal	si si(nn) kal
nominative / accusative	attributive and/or after determiner	kalen	kal	kaalt	kal
	independent without determiner			kales	kaler
dative	after any declined word	kalen	kaler	kalen	kalen
	as first declined word	kalem		kalem

Antonyms

• waarm

Derived terms

• äiskal

Northern Kurdish

Etymology 1

Related to Arabic كَهْل (kahl, “elderly”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɑːl/

Adjective

kal (Arabic spelling کال)

1. (of men) old

   Synonyms: îxtîyar, kokin, mezin, navsera, pîr, sere

Derived terms

• kal bûn
• kal kirin
• kalî

Noun

kal m (Arabic spelling کال)

1. old man

   Synonyms: îxtîyar, kalik, kokin

Declension

Declension of kal

definite masculine gender
case	singular	plural
nominative	kal	kal
construct	kalê	kalên
oblique	kalî	kalan
demonstrative oblique	wî kalî	wan kalan
vocative	kalo	kalino
indefinite masculine gender
case	singular	plural
nominative	kalek	kalin
construct	kalekî	kaline
oblique	kalekî	kalinan

Etymology 2

Perhaps related to Persian کال (kâl, “year”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kʰɑːl/

Adjective

kal (Arabic spelling کال)

1. (of melons or corn) unripe, green

   Synonyms: xam, xang

Derived terms

• kaltî

Noun

kal m (Arabic spelling کال)

1. watermelon

   Synonyms: kalik, şiftî, zebeş

2. melon

   Synonym: gindor

References

• Chyet, Michael L. (2020) “kal”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 413

Pipil

Etymology

Compare Classical Nahuatl calli.

Noun

kal (plural kajkat)

1. house

Further reading

• Campbell, L. (1985). The Pipil Language of El Salvador. Mouton De Gruyter.
• Lara-Martínez, R., McCallister, R. Glosario cultural náwat pipil y nicarao.

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kalъ, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂los (“dark”), whence also Latin cālīgō (“darkness, gloom”) and Sanskrit काल (kāla, “black”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kâːl/

Noun

kȃl m (Cyrillic spelling ка̑л)

1. mud

   Synonyms: blato, mulj, kaljuga

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	kal	kali
genitive	kala	kala
dative	kalu	kalima
accusative	kal	kale
vocative	kalu	kali
locative	kalu	kalima
instrumental	kalem	kalima

Declension of kal

South Efate

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kal/

Noun

kal

1. digging stick

Sumerian

Romanization

kal

1. Romanization of 𒆗 (kal)

Swedish

Etymology

From or related to Old Norse *kǫlr, from Proto-Germanic *kalwaz (“bare, bald”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɑːl/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Homophones: Karl, Carl (only if pronounced [kɑːl] instead of more common [kɑːɭ])

Adjective

kal (comparative kalare, superlative kalast)

1. lacking its natural covering; bare, without hair or vegetation or leaves or the like

   en kal skalle

   a bald head

   ett kalt träd

   a tree without leaves

   en kal grotta

   a cave with nothing more than the stone walls (no moss, vines, etc.)

2. bare (lacking decorations)

   kala väggar

   bare walls

   ett kalt rum

   a bare room

Declension

Inflection of kal

Indefinite	positive	comparative	superlative1
common singular	kal	kalare	kalast
neuter singular	kalt	kalare	kalast
plural	kala	kalare	kalast
masculine plural2	kale	kalare	kalast
Definite	positive	comparative	superlative
masculine singular3	kale	kalare	kalaste
all	kala	kalare	kalaste

¹ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
² Dated or archaic.
³ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

References

• kal in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• kal in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish cal, from Vulgar Latin cals, from Latin calx, from Ancient Greek χάλιξ (khálix). Doublet of tsok.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈkal/ [ˈkal]
• Rhymes: -al
• Syllabification: kal

Noun

kal (Baybayin spelling ᜃᜎ᜔)

1. (chemistry) lime (inorganic material containing calcium)

   Synonyms: apog, pirali

2. (sports, billiards) cue chalk

   Synonym: tisa

Related terms

• agwa-de-kal
• kalikanto
• kalkula
• kalkulado
• kalkulador
• kalkulasyon
• kalkulo
• kalsada
• kalsado
• kalsipikasyon
• kalsiyo

Further reading

• “kal”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
• Cuadrado Muñiz, Adolfo (1972) Hispanismos en el tagalo: diccionario de vocablos de origen español vigentes en esta lengua filipina, Madrid: Oficina de Educación Iberoamericana, page 98

Tama (Chad)

Noun

kal

1. water

References

• Elaine, Bombay, Enquête sociolinguistique sur les langues tama et assangori parlers du Tchad et du Soudan (2007)

Tedim Chin

Etymology

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *kal, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-la. Cognates include Khumi Chin ämäkei, Mizo kal and Zou kel.

Noun

kal

1. kidney

References

• Zomi Ordbog based on the work of D.L. Haokip

Turkish

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

kal

1. second-person singular imperative of kalmak

Wik-Mungkan

Noun

kal

1. rat

Zou

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kal˧/

Verb

kal

1. (intransitive) to increase

References

• Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 44