esmorecer

Galician

Etymology

Unknown. From Old Galician-Portuguese esmorecer (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from esmorir (“to faint”) +‎ -ecer, possibly from Vulgar Latin emorescĕre, frequentative of Latin ēmori, ēmorior (“I die (out)”), from Latin morior (“to die”), whence Galician morrer (“to die”); but note also Old English smorian (“to choke, suffocate”). Cognate to Portuguese esmorecer and Spanish esmorecer.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /esmoɾeˈθeɾ/, (western) /esmoɾeˈseɾ/

Verb

esmorecer (first-person singular present esmorezo, first-person singular preterite esmorecín, past participle esmorecido)
esmorecer (first-person singular present esmoreço, first-person singular preterite esmorecim or esmoreci, past participle esmorecido, reintegrationist norm)

1. (intransitive) to falter, wilt

   Antonym: desesmorecer

2. (intransitive) to decay, wither
3. (intransitive) to faint
   • c. 1350, Kelvin M. Parker (ed.), Historia Troyana. Santiago: Instituto "Padre Sarmiento", page 288:

     Et esmoresçeu en tal maneyra que pouco nẽ moyto nõ suspiraua nẽ saya d'ela folgo.

     And she fainted in such a way that, neither much nor little, she didn't sigh nor breathe

Conjugation

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	esmorecer
Personal	esmorecer	esmoreceres	esmorecer	esmorecermos	esmorecerdes	esmoreceren
Gerund
	esmorecendo
Past participle
Masculine	esmorecido			esmorecidos
Feminine	esmorecida			esmorecidas
Indicative
Present	esmorezo	esmoreces	esmorece	esmorecemos	esmorecedes	esmorecen
Imperfect	esmorecía	esmorecías	esmorecía	esmoreciamos	esmoreciades	esmorecían
Preterite	esmorecín	esmoreciches	esmoreceu	esmorecemos	esmorecestes	esmoreceron
Pluperfect	esmorecera	esmoreceras	esmorecera	esmoreceramos	esmorecerades	esmoreceran
Future	esmorecerei	esmorecerás	esmorecerá	esmoreceremos	esmoreceredes	esmorecerán
Conditional	esmorecería	esmorecerías	esmorecería	esmoreceriamos	esmoreceriades	esmorecerían
Subjunctive
Present	esmoreza	esmorezas	esmoreza	esmorezamos	esmorezades	esmorezan
Imperfect	esmorecese	esmoreceses	esmorecese	esmorecésemos	esmorecésedes	esmorecesen
Future	esmorecer	esmoreceres	esmorecer	esmorecermos	esmorecerdes	esmoreceren
Imperative
Affirmative		esmorece	esmoreza	esmorezamos	esmorecede	esmorezan
Negative (non)		non esmorezas	non esmoreza	non esmorezamos	non esmorezades	non esmorezan

    Conjugation of esmorecer (c-z alternation)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	esmorecer
Personal	esmorecer	esmoreceres	esmorecer	esmorecermos	esmorecerdes	esmorecerem
Gerund
	esmorecendo
Past participle
Masculine	esmorecido			esmorecidos
Feminine	esmorecida			esmorecidas
Indicative
Present	esmoreço	esmoreces	esmorece	esmorecemos	esmorecedes, esmoreceis	esmorecem
Imperfect	esmorecia	esmorecias	esmorecia	esmorecíamos	esmorecíades, esmorecíeis, esmorecíais1	esmoreciam
Preterite	esmorecim, esmoreci	esmoreceste, esmoreceche1	esmoreceu	esmorecemos	esmorecestes	esmorecêrom, esmoreceram
Pluperfect	esmorecera	esmoreceras	esmorecera	esmorecêramos	esmorecêrades, esmorecêreis, esmorecêrais1	esmoreceram
Future	esmorecerei	esmorecerás	esmorecerá	esmoreceremos	esmoreceredes, esmorecereis	esmorecerám, esmorecerão
Conditional	esmoreceria	esmorecerias	esmoreceria	esmoreceríamos	esmoreceríades, esmoreceríeis, esmoreceríais1	esmoreceriam
Subjunctive
Present	esmoreça	esmoreças	esmoreça	esmoreçamos	esmoreçades, esmoreçais	esmoreçam
Imperfect	esmorecesse	esmorecesses	esmorecesse	esmorecêssemos	esmorecêssedes, esmorecêsseis	esmorecessem
Future	esmorecer	esmoreceres	esmorecer	esmorecermos	esmorecerdes	esmorecerem
Imperative
Affirmative		esmorece	esmoreça	esmoreçamos	esmorecede, esmorecei	esmoreçam
Negative (nom)		nom esmoreças	nom esmoreça	nom esmoreçamos	nom esmoreçades, nom esmoreçais	nom esmoreçam

    Reintegrated conjugation of esmorecer (c-ç alternation) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

¹Less recommended.

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “esmorecer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “esmor”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “esmorecer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “esmorecer”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “esmorecer”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “esmorecer” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “esmorecer”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Portuguese

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin emorescĕre, frequentative of Latin ēmori, ēmorior (“to die (out)”),^[1] from Latin morior (“to die”), whence Portuguese morrer (“to die”); but note also Old English smorian (“to choke, suffocate”). Cognate to Galician and Spanish esmorecer.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /iz.mo.ɾeˈse(ʁ)/ [iz.mo.ɾeˈse(h)], /ez.mo.ɾeˈse(ʁ)/ [ez.mo.ɾeˈse(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /iz.mo.ɾeˈse(ʁ)/ [iz.mo.ɾeˈse(h)], /ez.mo.ɾeˈse(ʁ)/ [ez.mo.ɾeˈse(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /iz.mo.ɾeˈse(ɾ)/, /ez.mo.ɾeˈse(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /iʒ.mo.ɾeˈse(ʁ)/ [iʒ.mo.ɾeˈse(χ)], /eʒ.mo.ɾeˈse(ʁ)/ [eʒ.mo.ɾeˈse(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ez.mo.ɾeˈse(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʒ.mu.ɾɨˈseɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʒ.mu.ɾɨˈseɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /(i)ʒ.mu.ɾɨˈse.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: es‧mo‧re‧cer

Verb

esmorecer (first-person singular present esmoreço, first-person singular preterite esmoreci, past participle esmorecido)

1. (transitive) to dishearten; discourage

   Synonym: desalentar

2. (intransitive) to falter; wilt

   Synonym: desanimar

Conjugation

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	esmorecer
Personal	esmorecer	esmoreceres	esmorecer	esmorecermos	esmorecerdes	esmorecerem
Gerund
	esmorecendo
Past participle
Masculine	esmorecido			esmorecidos
Feminine	esmorecida			esmorecidas
Indicative
Present	esmoreço	esmoreces	esmorece	esmorecemos	esmoreceis	esmorecem
Imperfect	esmorecia	esmorecias	esmorecia	esmorecíamos	esmorecíeis	esmoreciam
Preterite	esmoreci	esmoreceste	esmoreceu	esmorecemos	esmorecestes	esmoreceram
Pluperfect	esmorecera	esmoreceras	esmorecera	esmorecêramos	esmorecêreis	esmoreceram
Future	esmorecerei	esmorecerás	esmorecerá	esmoreceremos	esmorecereis	esmorecerão
Conditional	esmoreceria	esmorecerias	esmoreceria	esmoreceríamos	esmoreceríeis	esmoreceriam
Subjunctive
Present	esmoreça	esmoreças	esmoreça	esmoreçamos	esmoreçais	esmoreçam
Imperfect	esmorecesse	esmorecesses	esmorecesse	esmorecêssemos	esmorecêsseis	esmorecessem
Future	esmorecer	esmoreceres	esmorecer	esmorecermos	esmorecerdes	esmorecerem
Imperative
Affirmative		esmorece	esmoreça	esmoreçamos	esmorecei	esmoreçam
Negative (não)		não esmoreças	não esmoreça	não esmoreçamos	não esmoreçais	não esmoreçam

    Conjugation of esmorecer (c-ç alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

References

1. “esmorecer”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025

Spanish

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin emorescĕre, frequentative of Latin ēmori, ēmorior (“to die (out)”), from Latin morior (“to die”), whence Spanish murrir (“to die”); but note also Old English smorian (“to choke, suffocate”). Cognate to Galician esmorecer and Portuguese esmorecer.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Spain) /esmoɾeˈθeɾ/ [ez.mo.ɾeˈθeɾ]
• IPA^(key): (Latin America, Philippines) /esmoɾeˈseɾ/ [ez.mo.ɾeˈseɾ]
• Rhymes: -eɾ
• Syllabification: es‧mo‧re‧cer

Verb

esmorecer (first-person singular present esmorezco, first-person singular preterite esmorecí, past participle esmorecido)

1. (intransitive, reflexive, Andalusia, Cantabria, Venezuela) to falter; wilt

   Synonyms: desfallecer, esmorecerse

Conjugation

infinitive			esmorecer
gerund			esmoreciendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		esmorecido		esmorecida
		plural		esmorecidos		esmorecidas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	esmorezco	esmorecestú esmorecésvos	esmorece	esmorecemos	esmorecéis	esmorecen
	imperfect	esmorecía	esmorecías	esmorecía	esmorecíamos	esmorecíais	esmorecían
	preterite	esmorecí	esmoreciste	esmoreció	esmorecimos	esmorecisteis	esmorecieron
	future	esmoreceré	esmorecerás	esmorecerá	esmoreceremos	esmoreceréis	esmorecerán
	conditional	esmorecería	esmorecerías	esmorecería	esmoreceríamos	esmoreceríais	esmorecerían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	esmorezca	esmorezcastú esmorezcásvos2	esmorezca	esmorezcamos	esmorezcáis	esmorezcan
	imperfect (ra)	esmoreciera	esmorecieras	esmoreciera	esmoreciéramos	esmorecierais	esmorecieran
	imperfect (se)	esmoreciese	esmorecieses	esmoreciese	esmoreciésemos	esmorecieseis	esmoreciesen
	future1	esmoreciere	esmorecieres	esmoreciere	esmoreciéremos	esmoreciereis	esmorecieren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		esmorecetú esmorecévos	esmorezca	esmorezcamos	esmoreced	esmorezcan
	negative		no esmorezcas	no esmorezca	no esmorezcamos	no esmorezcáis	no esmorezcan

    Conjugation of esmorecer (c-zc alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

infinitive			esmorecerse
gerund			esmoreciéndose
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		esmorecido		esmorecida
		plural		esmorecidos		esmorecidas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
personal non-finite		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	infinitive	esmorecerme	esmorecerte	esmorecerse	esmorecernos	esmoreceros	esmorecerse
	gerund	esmoreciéndome	esmoreciéndote	esmoreciéndose	esmoreciéndonos	esmoreciéndoos	esmoreciéndose
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	me esmorezco	te esmorecestú te esmorecésvos	se esmorece	nos esmorecemos	os esmorecéis	se esmorecen
	imperfect	me esmorecía	te esmorecías	se esmorecía	nos esmorecíamos	os esmorecíais	se esmorecían
	preterite	me esmorecí	te esmoreciste	se esmoreció	nos esmorecimos	os esmorecisteis	se esmorecieron
	future	me esmoreceré	te esmorecerás	se esmorecerá	nos esmoreceremos	os esmoreceréis	se esmorecerán
	conditional	me esmorecería	te esmorecerías	se esmorecería	nos esmoreceríamos	os esmoreceríais	se esmorecerían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	me esmorezca	te esmorezcastú te esmorezcásvos2	se esmorezca	nos esmorezcamos	os esmorezcáis	se esmorezcan
	imperfect (ra)	me esmoreciera	te esmorecieras	se esmoreciera	nos esmoreciéramos	os esmorecierais	se esmorecieran
	imperfect (se)	me esmoreciese	te esmorecieses	se esmoreciese	nos esmoreciésemos	os esmorecieseis	se esmoreciesen
	future1	me esmoreciere	te esmorecieres	se esmoreciere	nos esmoreciéremos	os esmoreciereis	se esmorecieren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		esmorécetetú esmorecetevos	esmorézcase	esmorezcámonos	esmoreceos	esmorézcanse
	negative		no te esmorezcas	no se esmorezca	no nos esmorezcamos	no os esmorezcáis	no se esmorezcan

    Conjugation of esmorecerse (c-zc alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

Further reading

• “esmorecer”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10