Etymology 1
From Proto-Italic *kezdō, further derivation disputed.
- Perhaps it is from Proto-Indo-European *ḱyesdʰ- (“to drive away; to go away”). Cognates include Sanskrit सेधति (sedhati, “to drive, chase away”) and Avestan 𐬯𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬰𐬛𐬀𐬝 (siiazdat̰, “will chase away”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćyazd-, *ćižd-.[1]
- Others derive it from *ḱe (“this, here”) + *sed- (“to sit down”). For the semantic development "to sit down" > "to go and sit" > "to go" compare the cognates English set out, Sanskrit उपसीदति (upasīdati, “to approach”), and Ancient Greek ὁδός (hodós, “road”).[2]
- Others derive the ending from -dō (“to put”).
Verb
cēdō (present infinitive cēdere, perfect active cessī, supine cessum); third conjugation
- (intransitive) to go, move, proceed, go along, move along
c. 191 BCE,
Plautus,
Pseudolus 4.1.44–45:
- SIMŌ. Illīcine est? PSEUDOLUS. Illīc est. SIMŌ. Mala merx est, Pseudole. Illūc sīs vidē,
ut trānsvorsus, nōn prōvorsus cēdit, quasi cancer solet.- SIMO. Is he there? PSEUDOLUS. There he is. SIMO. He's a bad piece, Pseudolus. Look at that,
how he goes sideways, not forwards, as a crab does.
- (intransitive) to result, turn out, happen, yield
- (intransitive) to withdraw, depart, retire, go away from, yield
- (intransitive, military) to withdraw, fall back, give up one's post, yield
- (intransitive) to disappear, pass away, vanish
- (intransitive, of time) to pass, elapse (in the 3rd person, with time as subject)
- Synonyms: intercēdō, abeō, lābor, praetereō
- (intransitive, with dative) to cede, give in or yield (to), step aside (for), give way (to)
- Vergilius, Aeneis, Book VI, line 95
- Tū nē cēde malīs, sed contrā audentior ītō
- Give in not to evils, but go against them more daring.
- Motto of Wyoming
- Cēdant arma togae.
- Let the arms concede to the toga (Let war yield to diplomacy)
- (intransitive) to be inferior to, yield to in rank
- (transitive) to concede, give up, allow, permit something to someone, grant, surrender, yield
- (intransitive, with dative or in +acc.) to fall (to) (as a possession); accrue or come (to)
- (intransitive, with in +acc.) to become, turn into, be or become the equivalent of
Conjugation
More information Conjugation of cēdō (third conjugation), indicative ...
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Synonyms
- (retire): facessō, dēcēdō, discēdō, dēficiō, concēdō, subtrahō, subdūcō, excēdō, regredior, inclīnō, recēdō, recipiō, vertō, referō, āmoveō
- (give up): dēficiō, dēserō, relinquō, linquō, dēsinō, omittō, dēdō, concēdō, dēcēdō, dēspondeō, reddō, dō, remittō, dēstituō, oblīvīscor, permittō, dissimulō, trādō, addīcō, praetereō, neglegō, pōnō, tribuō
- (allow, permit): sinō, remittō, permittō, immittō, concēdō, condōnō
- (disappear): discedō, decēdō, concēdō, excēdō, pereō, intereō
- (be inferior to): subsum
- (go): vādō, ambulō, deambulō, cammīnō, adeō, obeō, pergō, baetō, eō, gradior, īnferō
- (be inferior to): dēgenerō
Antonyms
- (antonym(s) of “disappear”): obversor, cresco, procedo, exorior, orior, coorior, oborior, ēmergō, appāreō, pāreō
- (antonym(s) of “retire”): prōgredior, prōdeō, prōcēdō, prōficiō, aggredior, ēvehō, incēdō, accēdō, adeō
Etymology 2
Through iambic shortening from the Proto-Italic imperative *ke-dō, plural *ke-date. This is composed of Proto-Indo-European *ḱe (“here”) (seen also in ec-ce, hi-c, illi-c etc.) + the imperative of dō (“give”) (which was originally *dō, but changed later to dā by analogy with first-conjugation verbs). Equivalent to ce- + dō.
Verb
cedo (second person imperative, plural cette)
- (of objects) hand (it) over!; give (it)!; gimme!
- cedo manum! ― Give me your hand!
- (of objects, especially evidence or exhibits at a trial) produce (it)!; show (it) to us!
- (of people) bring (him)!, bring (him) in!, produce (him)!
- tell me!; describe (it) to me!, explain (it) to me!
c. 125 CE – 180 CE,
Apuleius,
Metamorphoses 1.8:
- "Ōrō tē" inquam "aulaeum tragicum dīmovētō et sīparium scaenicum complicātō et cedo verbīs commūnibus."
- I said, "I beg you, please remove the tragic drapery and fold the scene's curtain, and explain it to me using common words.
- (followed by a conditional clause with consequent) tell me! come now! hear me out!
- (followed by a conditional clause without a consequent) what if?, suppose?
- (with impersonal or subjunctive) come now!
Conjugation
Imperative only:
- Second person singular: cedo
- Second person plural: cette
References
- “cedo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “cedo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- cedo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to accommodate oneself to circumstances: tempori servire, cedere
- to acquiesce in one's fate: fortunae cedere
- to give up a thing to some one else: possessione alicuius rei cedere alicui (Mil. 27. 75)
- to waive one's right: de iure suo decedere or cedere
- Forms of Conjugation, in J. B. Greenough, G. L. Kittredge, A. A. Howard, Benj. L. D'Ooge, Ed.; Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar for Schools and Colleges
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 884
De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cēdō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 103-104