bocht

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɔxt/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: bocht
• Rhymes: -ɔxt

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch bocht, from Old Dutch *buht, from Proto-West Germanic *buhti, from Proto-Germanic *buhtiz. Equivalent to buigen (“to bend, bow”) +‎ -t (“verbal noun”).

Noun

bocht f or m (plural bochten, diminutive bochtje n)

1. a bend, curve, inflection, something not straight
2. a twist, change
3. a bight, broad curvature of a coastline, bay

Derived terms

• bochtenwerk
• bochtig
• haarspeldbocht
• kort door de bocht
• rivierbocht

 

Descendants

• Berbice Creole Dutch: boktu
• → Papiamentu: bògt
• → Sranan Tongo: boktu
  • → Aukan: bokutu
  • → Caribbean Javanese: boktu

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch bocht, becht, bacht (“garbage, dung, shit”), possibly from Proto-West Germanic *buggjan (“to buy”), though this is at odds with the last two forms.^[1]

Noun

bocht m or n (uncountable)

1. (now Belgium) junk, rubbish
2. junk, booze, moonshine
3. (Netherlands) disgusting drink, trash, rubbish

   Hij zei dat de bocht die hij ons gaf whiskey was, maar het smaakte er niet naar.

   He said that the foul drink he gave us was whiskey, but it didn't taste like it.

References

1. van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “bocht2”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish bocht (“poor”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bˠɔxt̪ˠ/^[1][2]

Adjective

bocht (genitive singular masculine boicht, genitive singular feminine boichte, plural bochta, comparative boichte)

1. poor (of circumstances, of quality, condition, expressing pity, sympathy, expressing dislike, contempt)
2. stingy
3. (nominalized, masculine) poor person

Declension

	Singular		Plural (m/f)
Positive	Masculine	Feminine	(strong noun)	(weak noun)
Nominative	bocht	bhocht	bochta; bhochta²
Vocative	bhoicht		bochta
Genitive		boichte	bochta	bocht
Dative	bocht; bhocht¹	bhocht; bhoicht (archaic)	bochta; bhochta²
Comparative	níos boichte
Superlative	is boichte

Declension of bocht

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Synonyms

• daibhir
• dealbh

Derived terms

• béal bocht
• bochtaineacht

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
bocht	bhocht	mbocht
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

1. Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 31, page 18
2. Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 47

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “bocht”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Old Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /boxt/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *boxtos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰogtós, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg-.

Adjective

bocht

1. poor
2. (Christianity) of one who has taken a vow of poverty

Inflection

o/ā-stem
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	bocht	bocht	bocht
Vocative	boicht* bocht**
Accusative	bocht	boicht
Genitive	boicht	boichte	boicht
Dative	bocht	boicht	bocht
Plural	Masculine	Feminine/neuter
Nominative	boicht	bochta
Vocative	bochtu bochta†
Accusative	bochtu bochta†
Genitive	bocht
Dative	bochtaib
Notes	*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized

Descendants

• Irish: bocht
• Manx: boght
• Scottish Gaelic: bochd

Noun

bocht m or f

1. poor person, pauper
2. the poor (in a collective sense)

Inflection

As a masculine noun:

Masculine o-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	bocht	bochtL	boichtL
Vocative	boicht	bochtL	bochtuH
Accusative	bochtN	bochtL	bochtuH
Genitive	boichtL	bocht	bochtN
Dative	bochtL	bochtaib	bochtaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

As a feminine noun:

Feminine ā-stem
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	bochtL	boichtL	bochtaH
Vocative	bochtL	boichtL	bochtaH
Accusative	boichtN	boichtL	bochtaH
Genitive	boichteH	bochtL	bochtN
Dative	boichtL	bochtaib	bochtaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective: H = triggers aspiration L = triggers lenition N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Manx: boght

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

·bocht

1. passive singular preterite of bongaid

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
bocht	bocht pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/	mbocht
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Scots

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [boxt]
• (Central Scots) IPA^(key): [bot], [boʔ]
• (South Scots) IPA^(key): [bʌu(x)t]

Verb

bocht

1. simple past tense and past participle of buy