b’

See also: Appendix:Variations of "b"

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bˠ/ (before (fh)a, (fh)á, (fh)o, (fh)ó, (fh)u, (fh)ú)
• IPA^(key): /bʲ/ (before (fh)e, (fh)é, (fh)i, (fh)í)

Particle

b’

1. Apocopic form of ba

   B’fhearr liom cupán tae.

   I’d prefer a cup of tea.

Usage notes

• This form is used before words beginning with a vowel or fh followed by a vowel, except not before the pronouns é, ea, í, iad.

Derived terms

• b’fhéidir

Related terms

Irish copular forms

simple copular forms
		affirmative	negative	interrogative	negative interrogative
present/future
main clause		is	ní	an	nach
relative clause	direct		nach	–
	indirect	ar, arbv
other subordinate clause		gur, gurbv		an	nach
past/conditional
main clause		ba, b’v	níor, níorbhv	ar, arbhv	nár, nárbhv
relative clause	direct	ba, abv	nár, nárbhv	–
	indirect	ar, arbhv
other subordinate clause		gur, gurbhv		ar, arbhv	nár, nárbhv
present subjunctive
–		gura, gurabv	nára, nárabv	–
compound copular forms
base word		present/future		past/conditional
cá		cár, cárbv		cár, cárbhv
cé		cér, cérbv		cér, cérbhv
dá		–		dá mba, dá mb’v
de/do		dar, darbv		dar, darbhv
faoi		faoinar, faoinarbv		faoinar, faoinarbhv
i		inar, inarbv		inar, inarbhv
le		lenar, lenarbv		lenar, lenarbhv
má		más		má ba, má b’v
mura		mura, murabv		murar, murarbhv
ó (prep.)		ónar, ónarbv		ónar, ónarbhv
ó (conj.)		ós		ó ba, ó b’v
trí		trínar, trínarbv		trínar, trínarbhv

^v Used before vowel sounds

Mutation

Mutated forms of b'

radical	lenition	eclipsis
b'	bh'	mb'

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Maltese

Alternative forms

• bi (before a consonant cluster)
• imb (in fixed expressions)

Etymology

From Arabic بِ (bi).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /b/ (before a vowel, sonorant, or voiced obstruent)
• IPA^(key): /p/ (before a voiceless obstruent)

Preposition

b’

1. with (chiefly an ingredient, means, concomitant, quality)

   Antonym: bla

2. times, (multiplied) by

   erbgħa b’erbgħa jiġu sittax ― four times four equals sixteen

   għamel erbgħa b’erbgħa ― multiply four by four

Inflection

Inflected forms of b’

Personal-pronoun- including forms		singular		plural
		m	f
1st person		bija		bina
2nd person		bik		bikom
3rd person		bih	biha	bihom
Definite forms
Xemxin				Qamrin
biċ- · bid- · bin- bir- · bis- · bit- · bix- · biz- · biż-				†bil- †form is bl- before a vowel, h, or għ

See also

• f’
• ma’

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /p-/
• Hyphenation: b'

Verb

b'

1. Form of bu used before vowels and fh-

References

• Colin Mark (2003) “bu”, in The Gaelic-English dictionary, London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 96

Yola

Etymology

Influenced by Irish b'.

Verb

b'

1. Apocopic form of ba (“to be”)
   • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 86:

     Yith w'had any lhuck, oor naame wode b' zung,

     If we had any luck, our name would have been sung

   • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 86:

     Our eein wode b' mistern t' dearnt up ee skee.

     Our eyes would be dazzled to look up to the sky.

References

• Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 86