b’

See also: Appendix:Variations of "b"

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bˠ/ (before (fh)a, (fh)á, (fh)o, (fh)ó, (fh)u, (fh)ú)
• IPA^(key): /bʲ/ (before (fh)e, (fh)é, (fh)i, (fh)í)

Particle

b’

1. Apocopic form of ba

   B’fhearr liom cupán tae.

   I’d prefer a cup of tea.

Usage notes

• This form is used before words beginning with a vowel or fh followed by a vowel, except not before the pronouns é, ea, í, iad.

Derived terms

• b’fhéidir

Related terms

Simple copular forms Present/future Affirmative Negative Interrogative Neg. inter. Main clauses is ní an nach Direct relative clauses nach Indirect relative clauses ar, arbv Other subordinate clauses gur, gurbv an nach Past/conditional Affirmative Negative Interrogative Neg. inter. Main clauses ba, b’v níor, níorbhv ar, arbhv nár, nárbhv Direct relative clauses ba, abv nár, nárbhv Indirect relative clauses ar, arbhv Other subordinate clauses gur, gurbhv ar, arbhv nár, nárbhv Present subjunctive Affirmative Negative gura, gurabv nára, nárabv		Compound copular forms Base word Present/future Past/conditional cá cár, cárbv cár, cárbhv cé cér, cérbv cér, cérbhv dá dá mba, dá mb’v de/do dar, darbv dar, darbhv faoi faoinar, faoinarbv faoinar, faoinarbhv i inar, inarbv inar, inarbhv le lenar, lenarbv lenar, lenarbhv má más má ba, má b’v mura mura, murabv murar, murarbhv ó (prep.) ónar, ónarbv ónar, ónarbhv ó (conj.) ós ó ba, ó b’v trí trínar, trínarbv trínar, trínarbhv
v Used before vowel sounds

Irish copular forms

Mutation

Mutated forms of b'

radical	lenition	eclipsis
b'	bh'	mb'

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Maltese

Alternative forms

• bi (before a consonant cluster)
• imb (in fixed expressions)

Etymology

From Arabic بِ (bi).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /b/ (before a vowel, sonorant, or voiced obstruent)
• IPA^(key): /p/ (before a voiceless obstruent)

Preposition

b’

1. with (chiefly an ingredient, means, concomitant, quality)

   Antonym: bla

2. times, (multiplied) by

   erbgħa b’erbgħa jiġu sittax ― four times four equals sixteen

   għamel erbgħa b’erbgħa ― multiply four by four

Inflection

Inflected forms of b’
Personal-pronoun- including forms		singular		plural
		m	f
1st person		bija		bina
2nd person		bik		bikom
3rd person		bih	biha	bihom
Definite forms
Xemxin				Qamrin
biċ- · bid- · bin- bir- · bis- · bit- · bix- · biz- · biż-				†bil- †form is bl- before a vowel, h, or għ

See also

• f’
• ma’

 

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /p-/
• Hyphenation: b'

Verb

b'

1. Form of bu used before vowels and fh-

References

• Colin Mark (2003) “bu”, in The Gaelic-English dictionary, London: Routledge, →ISBN, page 96

Yola

Etymology

Influenced by Irish b'.

Verb

b'

1. Apocopic form of ba (“to be”)
   • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 6, page 86:

     Yith w'had any lhuck, oor naame wode b' zung,

     If we had any luck, our name would have been sung

   • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 7, page 86:

     Our eein wode b' mistern t' dearnt up ee skee.

     Our eyes would be dazzled to look up to the sky.

References

• Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 86