무
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Etymology 1
From earlier 무우 (muu) (unstandardized in South Korea in 1988), from Middle Korean 무ᅀᅮ (Yale: mwùzwù), connective form before suffixes 무ᇫㅇ (Yale: mwùzG-), from pre-Middle Korean *mwusuk.[1] Dialects commonly preserve the medial /-s-/.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mu(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [무(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Noun
무 • (mu)
- Korean radish, a variety of daikon commonly consumed in Korea (both the plant and its edible root)
- Synonym: (rare) 나복(蘿蔔) (nabok)
- (by extension) similar root vegetables, including other daikons, rutabagas, swedes, and yellow turnips
Alternative forms
| Historical and regional synonyms of 무 (mu, “radish”) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| view map; edit data | |||
| Group | Region | Location | Words |
| Standardised forms | South Korean Standard Language | 무 (mū) | |
| North Korean Cultured Language | 무 (mū), 무우 (muu) | ||
| Historical forms | Middle Korean | 무ᅀᅮ (mwùzwù) (isolation), 무ᇫㅇ (mwùzG-) (connective) | |
| Early Modern Seoul Korean | 무우 (muu) | ||
| Central Korean | Gyeonggi | Modern colloquial Seoul | 무 (mu) |
| Traditional Seoul | 무 (mū) | ||
| Kaesong | 무유 (muyu) | ||
| Changpung | 무유 (muyu) | ||
| Yeoncheon | 무 (mū) | ||
| Paju | 무 (mū), 무이 (mu'i) | ||
| Pocheon | 무 (mū) | ||
| Ganghwa | 무이 (mu'i) | ||
| Gimpo | 무유 (muyu) | ||
| Goyang | 무 (mū), 무유 (muyu) | ||
| Yangju | 무 (mū) | ||
| Gapyeong | 무 (mū) | ||
| Siheung | 무 (mū) | ||
| Yangpyeong | 무 (mū) | ||
| Hwaseong | 무 (mū) | ||
| Yongin | 무 (mū) | ||
| Icheon | 무우 (muu), 무수 (musu) | ||
| Yeoju | 무 (mū) | ||
| Pyeongtaek | 무 (mū) | ||
| Anseong | 무수 (musu) | ||
| Yeongseo | Chuncheon | 무 (mū), 무우 (muu) | |
| Wonju | 무 (mū), 무수 (musu) | ||
| Kosan | 무 (mū), 무꾸 (mukku) | ||
| Cheorwon | 무 (mū) | ||
| Hwacheon | 무 (mū) | ||
| Yanggu | 무 (mū), 무꾸 (mukku) | ||
| Inje | 무 (mū), 무우 (muu), 무꾸 (mukku), 무수 (musu) | ||
| Hongcheon | 무 (mū), 무꾸 (mukku), 무수 (musu) | ||
| Hoengseong | 무 (mū), 무꾸 (mukku), 무수 (musu) | ||
| Yeongdong | Gangneung | 무 (mū́), 무우 (mùú), 무우 (mũ̀ú), 무이 (mùí), 무꾸 (mùkkú) | |
| Wonsan | 무 (mū), 무꾸 (mukku) | ||
| Kumya | 무 (mū) | ||
| Kowon | 무 (mū) | ||
| Munchon | 무 (mū) | ||
| Anbyeon | 무 (mū), 무꾸 (mukku) | ||
| Tongchon | 무 (mū) | ||
| Kosong | 무 (mū) | ||
| Yangyang | 무 (mū) | ||
| Samcheok | 무 (mū́), 무꾸 (mùkkú) | ||
| Pyeongchang | 무 (mū), 무우 (muu), 무수 (musu), 무꾸 (mukku) | ||
| Yeongwol | 무 (mū́), 무수 (mùsú), 무꾸 (mùkkú) | ||
| Jeongseon | 무우 (muu), 무꾸 (mukku) | ||
| North Chungcheong | Cheongju | 무수 (musu), 무 (mū) | |
| Jincheon | 무수 (musu), 무 (mū) | ||
| Eumseong | 무수 (musu), 무 (mū) | ||
| Chungju | 무수 (musu), 무 (mū) | ||
| Jecheon | 무수 (musu), 무 (mū), 무우 (muu), 무꾸 (mukku) | ||
| Danyang | 무수 (musu), 무꾸 (mukku) | ||
| Goesan | 무수 (musu), 무 (mū) | ||
| Boeun | 무수 (musu), 무우 (muu) | ||
| Okcheon | 무수 (musu), 무우 (muu) | ||
| Yeongdong | 무수 (musu), 무 (mū) | ||
| South Chungcheong | Daejeon | 무수 (musu), 무우 (muu) | |
| Seosan | 무수 (musu), 무우 (muu) | ||
| Dangjin | 무수 (musu), 무우 (muu) | ||
| Asan | 무수 (musu), 무우 (muu) | ||
| Cheonan | 무수 (musu), 무 (mū), 무우 (muu) | ||
| Yesan | 무수 (musu), 무우 (muu) | ||
| Hongseong | 무수 (musu), 무 (mū), 무우 (muu) | ||
| Cheongyang | 무수 (musu) | ||
| Gongju | 무수 (musu) | ||
| Yeongi | 무수 (musu), 무 (mū) | ||
| Boryeong | 무수 (musu), 무이 (mu'i) | ||
| Buyeo | 무수 (musu), 무 (mū) | ||
| Seocheon | 무수 (musu), 무 (mū) | ||
| Nonsan | 무수 (musu), 무우 (muu) | ||
| Geumsan | 무수 (musu), 무 (mū) | ||
| South Hwanghae | Haeju | 무유 (muyu) | |
| Ongjin | 미우 (miu), 무 (mū) | ||
| Yonan | 무이 (mu'i) | ||
| Taetan | 미우 (miu) | ||
| Chaeryong | 미우 (miu), 무이 (mu'i) | ||
| Changyon | 미우 (miu) | ||
| Anak | 미우 (miu) | ||
| Unnyul | 미우 (miu) | ||
| North Hwanghae | Hwangju | 무 (mū), 무이 (mu'i) | |
| Sohung | 미우 (miu) | ||
| Kumchon | 미우 (miu) | ||
| Singye | 무이 (mu'i) | ||
| Suan | 미우 (miu) | ||
| Koksan | 무이 (mu'i) | ||
| Gyeongsang Korean | North Gyeongsang | Daegu | 무'시 (mu si), 무'우 (mu u) |
| Yeongju | 무'꾸 (mu kku) | ||
| Bonghwa | 무'꾸 (mu kku) | ||
| Uljin | 무'수 (mu su), 무'꾸 (mu kku), 무 (mū́) | ||
| Mungyeong | 무'시 (mu si), 무'수 (mu su), 무'꾸 (mu kku) | ||
| Yecheon | 무'수 (mu su), 무'꾸 (mu kku) | ||
| Andong | 무'시 (mu si), 무'꾸 (mu kku), 무'우 (mu u) | ||
| Yeongyang | 무'시 (mu si), 무'꾸 (mu kku), 무'우 (mu u) | ||
| Sangju | 무'시 (mu si), 무'꾸 (mu kku) | ||
| Uiseong | 무'시 (mu si), 무'꾸 (mu kku) | ||
| Cheongsong | 무'시 (mu si), 무'꾸 (mu kku), 무'수 (mu su), 무'우 (mu u) | ||
| Yeongdeok | 무'시 (mu si), 무'꾸 (mu kku), 무'우 (mu u) | ||
| Gimcheon | 무'시 (mu si), 무'꾸 (mu kku) | ||
| Gumi | 무'시 (mu si), 무'수 (mu su) | ||
| Gunwi | 무'시 (mu si), 무'수 (mu su) | ||
| Pohang | 무'시 (mu si), 무'꾸 (mu kku), 무'우 (mu u) | ||
| Seongju | 무'시 (mu si) | ||
| Chilgok | 무'시 (mu si), 무'꾸 (mu kku), 무 (mū́) | ||
| Gyeongsan | 무'시 (mu si), 무'우 (mu u) | ||
| Yeongcheon | 무'시 (mu si), 무'우 (mu u) | ||
| Goryeong | 무'시 (mu si), 무'우 (mu u) | ||
| Cheongdo | 무'시 (mu si), 무'수 (mu su), 무'우 (mu u) | ||
| Gyeongju | 무'시 (mu si) | ||
| South Gyeongsang | Busan | 무'시 (mu si) | |
| Ulsan | 무'시 (mu si) | ||
| Changwon | 무'시 (mu si) | ||
| Geochang | 무'시 (mu si), 무'우 (mu u) | ||
| Hapcheon | 무'시 (mu si) | ||
| Changnyeong | 무'시 (mu si), 무'수 (mu su) | ||
| Miryang | 무'시 (mu si) | ||
| Hamyang | 무'시 (mu si) | ||
| Sancheong | 무'시 (mu si), 무'수 (mu su) | ||
| Uiryeong | 무'시 (mu si) | ||
| Hadong | 무'시 (mu si) | ||
| Jinju | 무'시 (mu si) | ||
| Haman | 무'시 (mu si) | ||
| Gimhae | 무'시 (mu si) | ||
| Yangsan | 무'시 (mu si) | ||
| Sacheon | 무'시 (mu si), 무'수 (mu su) | ||
| Goseong | 무'시 (mu si) | ||
| Namhae | 무'시 (mu si) | ||
| Tongyeong | 무'시 (mu si), 무'수 (mu su) | ||
| Geoje | 무'시 (mu si) | ||
| Ulju | 무'시 (mu si) | ||
| Diaspora | Yanbian (in general) | 무'꾸 (mu kku), 무'수 (mu su) | |
| Tonghua | 무'시 (mu si), 무'꾸 (mu kku) | ||
| Jilin City | 무'시 (mu si), 무'꾸 (mu kku) | ||
| Liaoyuan | 무'꾸 (mu kku) | ||
| Changchun | 무'꾸 (mu kku) | ||
| Shenyang | 무'시 (mu si) | ||
| Benxi | 무'시 (mu si) | ||
| Anshan | 무'시 (mu si) | ||
| Tieling | 무'시 (mu si) | ||
| Harbin | 무'꾸 (mu kku) | ||
| Jiamusi | 무'꾸 (mu kku) | ||
| Yichun | 무'꾸 (mu kku) | ||
| Jeolla Korean | North Jeolla | Jeonju | 무수 (musu) |
| Gunsan | 무수 (musu) | ||
| Iksan | 무수 (musu) | ||
| Wanju | 무수 (musu) | ||
| Jinan | 무수 (musu) | ||
| Muju | 무시 (musi), 무수 (musu), 무 (mū) | ||
| Gimje | 무시 (musi) | ||
| Buan | 무시 (musi) | ||
| Jeongeup | 무시 (musi), 무수 (musu) | ||
| Imsil | 무시 (musi), 무수 (musu) | ||
| Jangsu | 무시 (musi) | ||
| Gochang | 무수 (musu) | ||
| Sunchang | 무시 (musi), 무 (mū) | ||
| Namwon | 무시 (musi) | ||
| South Jeolla | Gwangju | 무시 (musi) | |
| Yeonggwang | 무시 (musi), 무수 (musu) | ||
| Jangseong | 무시 (musi) | ||
| Damyang | 무시 (musi) | ||
| Gokseong | 무시 (musi) | ||
| Gurye | 무시 (musi), 무수 (musu) | ||
| Hampyeong | 무시 (musi), 무수 (musu) | ||
| Sinan | 무시 (musi), 무수 (musu) | ||
| Muan | 무수 (musu) | ||
| Mokpo | 무시 (musi) | ||
| Naju | 무시 (musi), 무수 (musu) | ||
| Hwasun | 무시 (musi), 무수 (musu) | ||
| Suncheon | 무시 (musi) | ||
| Gwangyang | 무시 (musi) | ||
| Yeongam | 무시 (musi), 무수 (musu) | ||
| Jindo | 무수 (musu) | ||
| Haenam | 무수 (musu) | ||
| Gangjin | 무시 (musi), 무수 (musu) | ||
| Wando | 무시 (musi) | ||
| Jangheung | 무시 (musi) | ||
| Boseong | 무시 (musi) | ||
| Goheung | 무시 (musi) | ||
| Yeosu | 무시 (musi) | ||
| Pyongan Korean | South Pyongan | Pyongyang | 무 (mū), 무이 (mu'i) |
| North Pyongan | Pakchon | 무 (mū) | |
| Nyongbyon | 무 (mū) | ||
| Kusong | 무 (mu) | ||
| Kanggye | 무 (mū) | ||
| Chasong | 무 (mu) | ||
| Diaspora | Tonghua | 무 (mu) | |
| Shenyang | 무 (mu), 무우 (muu) | ||
| Dandong | 무 (mu) | ||
| Benxi | 무 (mu) | ||
| Yingkou | 무 (mu) | ||
| Panjin | 무 (mu) | ||
| Harbin | 무 (mu), 무우 (muu) | ||
| Hamgyong Korean | South Hamgyong | Hamhung | 무 (mu), 무'끼 (mu kki) |
| Chongpyong | 무수 (musu), 무 (mu) | ||
| Yonggwang | 무'끼 (mu kki) | ||
| Sinhung | 무'끼 (mu kki) | ||
| Hongwon | 무'끼 (mu kki) | ||
| Pukchong | 무'끼 (mu kki) | ||
| Riwon | 무'끼 (mu kki) | ||
| Changjin | 무 (mu) | ||
| North Hamgyong | Chongjin | 무'끼 (mu kki), 미'끼 (mi kki) | |
| Kimchaek | 무'끼 (mu kki) | ||
| Kilju | 무'끼 (mu kki) | ||
| Kyongsong | 무'끼 (mu kki) | ||
| Puryong | 무'끼 (mu kki), 미'끼 (mi kki) | ||
| Rason | 무'끼 (mu kki) | ||
| Musan | 무'끼 (mu kki) | ||
| Hyesan | 무'끼 (mu kki) | ||
| Kapsan | 무'끼 (mu kki) | ||
| Pungso | 무'끼 (mu kki) | ||
| Samsu | 무'끼 (mu kki) | ||
| Kimhyongjik | 무 (mu) | ||
| Diaspora | Yanji | 무'끼 (mu kki), 므'끼 (meu kki), 무'꾸 (mu kku), '노배 ( nobae) | |
| Tumen | 무'끼 (mu kki), 무'꾸 (mu kku), '노배 ( nobae), '노베 ( nobe) | ||
| Dunhua | 무'끼 (mu kki), '노배 ( nobae) | ||
| Hunchun | 무'끼 (mu kki), '노배 ( nobae) | ||
| Longjing | 무'끼 (mu kki), '노배 ( nobae) | ||
| Helong | 무'끼 (mu kki) | ||
| Wangqing | '노배 ( nobae) | ||
| Baishan | 무'끼 (mu kki) | ||
| Jilin City | 무'꾸 (mu kku) (informant's wife was a Gyeongsang speaker) | ||
| Mudanjiang | 무'끼 (mu kki), '노배 ( nobae) | ||
| Jixi | 무'끼 (mu kki), '노배 ( nobae) | ||
| Qitaihe | 무'끼 (mu kki), '노배 ( nobae), '노베 ( nobe) | ||
| Shuangyashan | 무'끼 (mu kki) | ||
| Jiamusi | '노배 ( nobae), '로베 ( robe) | ||
| Hegang | 무'끼 (mu kki) | ||
| Yukjin Korean | Yukjin | Kyonghung | 무끼 (mùkkí) (possibly connective form followed by suffix -í) |
| Hoeryong | 무끼 (mùkkí) (possibly connective form followed by suffix -í) | ||
| Onsong | 무끼 (mùkkí) (possibly connective form followed by suffix -í) | ||
| Diaspora | Hunchun | 무수 (mùsù) (isolation), 무끼 (mùkkí) (isolation), 묶 (mùkk-) (connective), 노배 (nóbàe) (only Chinese radishes) | |
| Jeju | Jeju City | ᄂᆞᆷ삐 (nawmppi) | |
| Daejeong | ᄂᆞᆷ삐 (nawmppi) | ||
| Gujwa | ᄂᆞᆷ삐 (nawmppi) | ||
| Seogwipo | ᄂᆞᆷ삐 (nawmppi) | ||
| Note: Forms listed as Northeastern may include Yukjin ones, because the consulted source did not distinguish beteen the two dialects. | |||
| This table is an amalgamation of surveys of speakers mostly born before 1950 and may not reflect the language of younger speakers, which has lexically converged towards the standard Seoul dialect in both North and South Koreas. | |||
Derived terms
trailing
- 겨자무 (gyeojamu, “horseradish”)
- 꽃무 (kkonmu, “stock flower”)
- 들무 (deulmu, “wild radish”)
- 뱀무 (baemmu, “Geum japonicum”)
- 서양(西洋)무 (seoyangmu, “Western red radish”)
- 순무 (sunmu, “turnip”)
- 썰무 (sseolmu, “radish historically sold by wandering salesman”)
- 열무 (yeolmu, “young summer radish”)
- 왜(倭)무 (waemu, “new breed of radish introduced around 1900”)
- 조선(朝鮮)무 (joseonmu, “native Korean radish”)
- 총각무 (chonggangmu, “Chonggak radish”)
leading
- 무떡 (mutteok, “radish rice cake”)
- 무말랭 (mumallaeng, “sliced radish dish”)
- 무싹 (mussak, “radish sprouts”)
- 무청 (mucheong, “radish leaves and stalks”)
Etymology 2
Sino-Korean word from 無 (“nothing, not being”), from the Middle Korean reading 무 (Yale: mwù).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mu]
- Phonetic hangul: [무]
Noun
- nothing, nothingness, nonexistence (especially as an abstract concept in opposition to existence)
- Antonym: 유(有) (yu)
- Used to count draws when marking scores in competitions and tournaments.
- (Buddhism) Given in response to a koan or a question that mistakenly assumes an affirmative or negative answer.
Prefix
Derived terms
- 무(無)하다 (muhada, “to be nonexistent”) (archaic except in Buddhism)
- See the hanja entry at 無 for Sino-Korean compounds of 무 (無, mu).
See also
- 없다 (eopda), the Korean adjective expressing nonexistence
Etymology 3
Sino-Korean word from 武, from the Middle Korean reading 무〯 (Yale: mwǔ).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mu(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [무(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Noun
- (especially historical) martial ethos; the military arts; everything to do with warfare or (by extension) martial arts, especially as a concept in East Asian political theory
- Antonym: 문(文) (mun, “literary arts, literariness, civility”)
- Coordinate term: 문무(文武) (munmu, “literate arts and martial knowledge considered together”)
- early 18th century, 홍길동전 경판본/洪吉童傳 京板本 [Seoul edition of the Tale of Hong Gildong]:
- 신이 젼하ᄅᆞᆯ 밧드러 만셰ᄅᆞᆯ 뫼올가 ᄒᆞ오나, 쳔비쇼ᄉᆡᆼ이라 문으로 옥당의 막히옵고 무로 션천의 막일지라 […]
- sin-i jeonha-reul batdeureo mansye-reul moe'olga haona, cheonbisyosaeng-ira mun-euro okdang-ui makhiopgo mu-ro syeoncheon-ui magiljira [ … ]
- Though I would like to serve Your Majesty and be at your side for a myriad generations, I am the child of a lowly slave-woman. With regards to the civil arts, the halls of jade [i.e. civil service] are blocked to me; as for the military path, the Office of Transmission [post of military officers in the Korean army] is blocked to me.
- 1920, “戰爭은 罪惡뿐 余의 縱橫觀 [War is naught but evil: my wide-ranging thoughts]”, in The Dong-a Ilbo:
- 2019, “조선이 명을 섬길 때 일본은 세계를 만났다 [joseoni myeong'eul seomgil ttae ilboneun segyereul mannatda, When Korea served Ming China, Japan encountered the world]”, in The Chosun Ilbo:
- 국가 차원에서는 강병(强兵)이 없었고 개인 차원에서는 무(武)를 천시한 결과라는 것이다.
- Gukga chawon-eseo-neun gangbyeong-i eopseotgo gaein chawon-eseo-neun mureul cheonsi-han gyeolgwa-raneun geos-ida.
- That is, [defeat] was the result of not having high-quality troops from a state perspective, and neglecting martial virtues from an individual perspective.
Derived terms
- See the hanja entry at 武 for Sino-Korean compounds of 무 (武, mu).
Etymology 4
Sino-Korean word from 舞 (“dance”), from the Middle Korean reading 무〯 (Yale: mwǔ).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mu(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [무(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Noun
Derived terms
- See the hanja entry at 舞 for Sino-Korean compounds of 무 (舞, mu).
Etymology 5
Sino-Korean word from 巫, from the Middle Korean reading 무〯 (Yale: mwǔ).
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mu(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [무(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Noun
- (formal, uncommon) shamanism; in particular, Korean shamanism, the indigenous religion of Korea
- Synonyms: (much more common) 무속(巫俗) (musok), 무교(巫敎) (mugyo)
- (formal, uncommon) shaman; priest of Korean shamanism
- Synonyms: 무당(巫堂) (mudang), 무속인(巫俗人) (musogin); see also Thesaurus:무속인
Derived terms
- See the hanja entry at 巫 for Sino-Korean compounds of 무 (巫, mu).
Etymology 6
Sino-Korean word from 戊
Noun
- the fifth of the ten heavenly stems
Coordinate terms
Etymology 7
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [mu]
- Phonetic hangul: [무]
Noun
무 • (mu)
- gusset (especially in traditional clothing)
See also
- 거셋 (geoset, “gusset”) (especially in modern clothing)
- 마찌 (majji, “gusset”) (especially in modern clothing)
Etymology 8
Modern Korean reading of various Chinese characters, from Middle Korean 무 (Yale: mwù), 무〯 (Yale: mwǔ).
Syllable
무 (mu)
More information
- 無: not being, absent
- 无: variant of 無
- 武: firm
- 舞: dance
- 貿: trade
- 務: effort
- 茂: lush
- 巫: shaman
- 戊: a Heavenly Stem
- 霧: fog
- 鵡: parrot
- 毋: do not
- 畝: mu (unit of land)
- 撫: caress
- 蕪: coarse
- 誣: deceive
- 拇: thumb
- 繆: interlock
- 珷: type of jade
- 嘸: unclear
- 廡: residence
- 膴: strip of meat
- 騖: gallop
- 儛: dance
- 懋: lush
- 楙: lush
- 憮: caress
- 㒇: caress
References
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