虐

虐 U+8650, 虐 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8650 ← 虏 [U+864F] CJK Unified Ideographs 虑 → [U+8651]

虐 U+2F9B3, 虐 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F9B3 ← 䕫 [U+2F9B2] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 虜 → [U+2F9B4]

Translingual

Han character

虐 (Kangxi radical 141, 虍+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜心尸一 (YPSM), four-corner 2121₁, composition ⿸虍𰀂(GHTKV) or ⿸虍𰀄(J))

Derived characters

• 㖸, 𱗒, 𱙞, 𭝬, 𭹦, 𦞐, 𥈴, 謔, 谑, 𨩽, 𪘽, 𪪛, 瘧

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1073, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32678
• Dae Jaweon: page 1540, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2820, character 5
• Unihan data for U+8650
• Unihan data for U+2F9B3

Chinese

trad.		虐
simp. #		虐
2nd round simp.		𰀂
alternative forms		𥤫 𩁿 䖋 䖈 𧆱 𥤫 𩁿 䖋 䖈 𧆱 𧆩 𧆧 𧆝 𫊞 䨋 𮓘 𣑅 𣑾

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 虐
Shang	Spring and Autumn	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

	Old Chinese
虐	*ŋawɢ
瘧	*ŋawɢ
謔	*hŋawɢ

Characters in the same phonetic series (虐) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

In the oracle bone script, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 虎 (“tiger”) + 人 (“person”).

Etymology

Possibly related to 謔 (OC *hŋawɢ, “to ridicule”) (Bodman, 1980)。

Pronunciation

Variety	Location	edit 虐
Mandarin	Beijing	/nyɛ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/iau⁵³/ /nyɛ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/niɑu⁵³/ /nye⁵³/
	Jinan	/yə²¹/
	Qingdao	/yə⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/yo²⁴/
	Xi'an	/yo²¹/
	Xining	/ȵyu²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/nye¹³/
	Lanzhou	/yə¹³/ /miə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/yɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/nio²¹³/
	Chengdu	/nyo³¹/
	Guiyang	/nio²¹/
	Kunming	/nio³¹/
	Nanjing	/loʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/lyɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/iəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/ȵyʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/niaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ȵiaʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/ȵiɑʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/ȵiɑʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/ȵa²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/niɔ²²/
	Tunxi	/ȵio¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ȵio²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/ȵio²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/ŋiok̚¹/
	Taoyuan	/ŋiok̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/jœk̚²/
	Nanning	/nœk̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/jœk̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/giɔk̚⁵/ /liɔk̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/ŋyoʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/ŋiɔ²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/ŋiak̚⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/niɔk̚³/

Rime
Character	虐
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	藥 (107)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	魚約切
Baxter	ngjak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨɐk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋiɐk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɨak̚/
Li Rong	/ŋiak̚/
Wang Li	/ŋĭak̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯ak̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	joek6

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	虐
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	nüè
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjak ›
Old Chinese	/*[ŋ](r)awk/
English	cruel
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	虐
Reading #	1/1
No.	9636
Phonetic component	虐
Rime group	藥
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	虐
Old Chinese	/*ŋawɢ/

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): nüè (nüe⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄩㄝˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yuo²

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): joek⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngiak⁵

• Gan (Wiktionary): nyioh⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ngiok

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ngiog⁵

• Jin (Wiktionary): ieh⁴ / nieh⁴
• Northern Min (KCR): ngiŏ̤
• Eastern Min (BUC): ngiŏk
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): gio̍k / gia̍k / lio̍k / jio̍k / ge̍k / gio̍h

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ngiag⁸

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸gniaq
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): nyio⁶

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: nüè
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄩㄝˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: nyuè
    • Wade–Giles: nüeh⁴
    • Yale: nywè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: niueh
    • Palladius: нюэ (njue)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ny̯ɛ⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: yuo²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: iuo
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yo²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: joek⁶
    • Yale: yeuhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: joek⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yêg⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jœːk̚²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: ngiak⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵑɡiak̚³²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: nyioh⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲiɔʔ⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiok
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngiog^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngiog⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯ok̚²/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ngiog⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋiɔk̚¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: ieh⁴ / nieh⁴
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /iəʔ²/, /niəʔ²/

Note:

• ieh4 - literary;
• nieh4 - vernacular.

• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngiŏ̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiɔ²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ngiŏk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋyoʔ⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gio̍k
    • Tâi-lô: gio̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: giok
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡiɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡiɔk̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gia̍k
    • Tâi-lô: gia̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: giak
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡiak̚¹²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lio̍k
    • Tâi-lô: lio̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liok
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /liɔk̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jio̍k
    • Tâi-lô: jio̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jiok
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziɔk̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ge̍k
    • Tâi-lô: gi̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gek
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ɡiɪk̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gio̍h
    • Tâi-lô: gio̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gioih
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /ɡioʔ⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡioʔ¹²¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡiɤʔ⁴/
Note:
• gio̍k/gia̍k - literary;
• lio̍k/jio̍k, ge̍k - vernacular;
• gio̍h - vernacular (e.g. 礙虐).
• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ngiag⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngia̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋiak̚⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁸gniaq
    • MiniDict: nyah^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵nyiaq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲiaʔ¹²/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: nyio⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲi̯o²⁴/

---

• Dialectal data

---

• Middle Chinese: ngjak

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ](r)awk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋawɢ/

Definitions

虐

1. cruel; tyrannical; oppressive
2. to abuse; to maltreat
3. (literary) disaster; calamity, catastrophe

Compounds

• 亂虐／乱虐
• 二豎為虐／二竖为虐
• 五虐
• 侈虐
• 侵虐
• 傲虐
• 僭虐
• 兇虐／凶虐
• 兒童受虐／儿童受虐
• 冤虐
• 凌虐 (língnüè)
• 凶虐
• 刁虐
• 刻虐
• 削虐
• 助天為虐／助天为虐
• 助桀為虐／助桀为虐
• 助紂為虐／助纣为虐 (zhùzhòuwéinüè)
• 助紂爲虐／助纣为虐 (zhùzhòuwéinüè)
• 助虐
• 厲虐／厉虐
• 受虐 (shòunüè)
• 嗣虐
• 嚴虐／严虐
• 大虐
• 奢虐
• 威虐
• 定虐
• 害虐
• 寇虐
• 弒虐／弑虐
• 強虐／强虐
• 德虐
• 忍虐
• 恣虐
• 悖虐
• 悍虐
• 惡虐／恶虐
• 慘虐／惨虐
• 戕虐
• 戾虐
• 扇虐
• 搆虐／构虐
• 施虐 (shīnüè)
• 旱虐
• 旱魃為虐／旱魃为虐
• 昏虐
• 暴虐 (bàonüè)
• 暴虐浮躁
• 暴虐無道／暴虐无道
• 桀虐
• 楚虐
• 榮古虐今／荣古虐今
• 橫虐／横虐
• 欺虐
• 殘虐／残虐 (cánnüè)
• 毒虐
• 汰虐
• 淫虐
• 淩虐／凌虐
• 災虐／灾虐
• 灼虐
• 炎虐
• 焅虐
• 煽虐
• 狂虐
• 狠虐
• 猜虐
• 礙虐／碍虐 (gāi-gio̍h) (Min Nan)
• 祖龍之虐／祖龙之虐
• 禁虐
• 窮凶極虐／穷凶极虐
• 篡虐
• 罔上虐下
• 肆虐 (sìnüè)
• 苛虐
• 虐世
• 虐人
• 虐使
• 虐刑
• 虐刻
• 虐割
• 虐士
• 虐威
• 虐害
• 虐待 (nüèdài)
• 虐待狂 (nüèdàikuáng)
• 虐戕
• 虐戲／虐戏
• 虐戾
• 虐政 (nüèzhèng)
• 虐斂／虐敛
• 虐暑
• 虐暴
• 虐殺／虐杀 (nüèshā)
• 虐民
• 虐烈
• 虐焰
• 虐燄／虐焰
• 虐用
• 虐疾
• 虐行
• 虐謀／虐谋
• 虐謔／虐谑
• 虐遇
• 虐饕
• 虐魃
• 虣虐
• 被虐待狂
• 詐虐／诈虐
• 誅虐／诛虐
• 謔而不虐／谑而不虐 (xuè'érbùnüè)
• 譖虐／谮虐
• 豺虎肆虐
• 貪虐／贪虐
• 賊虐／贼虐
• 躁虐
• 逞虐
• 遺虐／遗虐
• 邪虐
• 鄙虐
• 酗虐
• 酷虐
• 醟虐／蒏虐
• 醜虐／丑虐
• 陵上虐下
• 陵虐 (língnüè)
• 險虐／险虐
• 雪虐風饕／雪虐风饕
• 頑虐／顽虐
• 饕虐
• 饕風虐雪／饕风虐雪
• 首虐
• 騷虐／骚虐
• 驕侈淫虐／骄侈淫虐
• 魃虐

 

Japanese

Shinjitai	虐
Kyūjitai [1][2]	虐󠄁 虐+󠄁? (Adobe-Japan1)
	虐󠄃 虐+󠄃? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 虐

虐

(Jōyō kanji)

1. to oppress; to persecute; to tyrannize

Readings

• Go-on: ぎゃく (gyaku, Jōyō)^{←ぎやく (gyaku, historical)}
• Kan-on: ぎゃく (gyaku, Jōyō)^{←ぎやく (gyaku, historical)}
• Kun: しいたげる (shītageru, 虐げる, Jōyō)^{←しひたげる (sifitageru, 虐げる, historical)}、いじめ (ijime, 虐め)^{←いぢめ (idime, 虐め, historical)}、いじめる (ijimeru, 虐める)^{←いぢめる (idimeru, 虐める, historical)}、しえたげる (shietageru, 虐げる)^{←しへたげる (sifetageru, 虐げる, historical)}、むごい (mugoi, 虐い)

Compounds

• 虐(ぎゃく)遇(ぐう) (gyakugū)
• 虐(ぎゃく)刑(けい) (gyakukei)
• 虐(ぎゃく)殺(さつ) (gyakusatsu)
• 虐(ぎゃく)使(し) (gyakushi)
• 虐(ぎゃく)政(せい) (gyakusei)
• 虐(ぎゃく)待(たい) (gyakutai)
• 虐(ぎゃく)迫(はく) (gyakuhaku)
• 圧(あつ)虐(ぎゃく) (atsugyaku)
• 淫(いん)虐(ぎゃく) (ingyaku)
• 加(か)虐(ぎゃく) (kagyaku)
• 苛(か)虐(ぎゃく) (kagyaku)
• 残(ざん)虐(ぎゃく) (zangyaku)
• 嗜(し)虐(ぎゃく) (shigyaku)
• 自(じ)虐(ぎゃく) (jigyaku)
• 弑(しい)虐(ぎゃく) (shīgyaku) (弑(しい)逆(ぎゃく))
• 毒(どく)虐(ぎゃく) (dokugyaku)
• 八(はち)虐(ぎゃく) (hachigyaku)
• 被(ひ)虐(ぎゃく) (higyaku)
• 暴(ぼう)虐(ぎゃく) (bōgyaku)
• 陵(りょう)虐(ぎゃく), 凌(りょう)虐(ぎゃく) (ryōgyaku)

 

References

1. 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014) “虐”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎ (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
2. Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 1061 (paper), page 543 (digital)

Korean

Etymology

From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is 악 (ak) based on Middle Chinese 虐 (MC ngjak).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	ᅌᅡᆨ〮 (Yale: ngak)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ha̠k̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [학]

Hanja

虐 (eum 모질 학 (mojil hak))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

虐: Hán Nôm readings: ngược, ngước

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.