苫

苫 U+82EB, 苫 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-82EB ← 苪 [U+82EA] CJK Unified Ideographs 苬 → [U+82EC]

Translingual

Han character

苫 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 廿卜口 (TYR), four-corner 4460₁, composition ⿱艹占)

1. rush or straw matting

Derived characters

• 𥠯, 𬜗

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1024, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30802
• Dae Jaweon: page 1483, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3189, character 6
• Unihan data for U+82EB

Chinese

trad.		苫
simp. #		苫

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 苫
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

	Old Chinese
頕	*taːm
煔	*ɦlaːm, *hljems, *hl'eːms
炶	*ɦlaːm
詀	*rteːm, *rdeːms, *teːm, *tʰjeb
站	*rteːms
檆	*sreːm
黏	*nem
粘	*nem
枮	*slem, *ʔl'ɯm
霑	*tem
沾	*tem, *teːms, *tʰeːm
覘	*tems, *tʰem
鉆	*tʰem, *ɡrem, *tʰeːb
占	*ʔljem, *tjems
颭	*tjemʔ
佔	*tjems, *teːm
苫	*hljem, *hljems
痁	*hljem, *teːms
蛅	*njem
阽	*lem
敁	*teːm
掂	*tiːm
點	*teːmʔ
玷	*teːmʔ, *teːms
店	*tiːms
坫	*tiːms, *tim
黇	*tʰeːm
扂	*deːmʔ
拈	*neːm
鮎	*neːm
砧	*ʔl'ɯm
笘	*teːb
跕	*teːb, *tʰeːb
貼	*tʰeːb
帖	*tʰeːb
怗	*tʰeːb
呫	*tʰeːb

Characters in the same phonetic series (占) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Pronunciation 1

Rime
Character	苫	苫
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	書 (26)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	失廉切	舒贍切
Baxter	syem	syemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕiᴇm/	/ɕiᴇmH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiɛm/	/ɕiɛmH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕjæm/	/ɕjæmH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕiam/	/ɕiamH/
Li Rong	/ɕiɛm/	/ɕiɛmH/
Wang Li	/ɕĭɛm/	/ɕĭɛmH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯ɛm/	/ɕi̯ɛmH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shān	shàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sim1	sim3

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	苫	苫
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shān	shàn
Middle Chinese	‹ syem ›	‹ syemH ›
Old Chinese	/*s.tem/	/*s-tem-s/
English	thatch	thatch
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	苫	苫
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	16710	16712
Phonetic component	占	占
Rime group	談	談
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	苫	閃
Old Chinese	/*hljem/	/*hljems/

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shàn (shan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sim³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siàm / chiam

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shàn
    • Wade–Giles: shan⁴
    • Yale: shàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shann
    • Palladius: шань (šanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sim³
    • Yale: sim
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sim³
    • Guangdong Romanization: xim³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːm³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siàm
    • Tâi-lô: siàm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siaxm
    • IPA (Xiamen): /siam²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /siam⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiam
    • Tâi-lô: tsiam
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciafm
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siam⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: syem, syemH

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.tem/, /*s-tem-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*hljem/, /*hljems/

Definitions

苫

1. to cover with a straw mat, tarpaulin, etc.

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character	苫	苫
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	書 (26)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	失廉切	舒贍切
Baxter	syem	syemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕiᴇm/	/ɕiᴇmH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiɛm/	/ɕiɛmH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕjæm/	/ɕjæmH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕiam/	/ɕiamH/
Li Rong	/ɕiɛm/	/ɕiɛmH/
Wang Li	/ɕĭɛm/	/ɕĭɛmH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯ɛm/	/ɕi̯ɛmH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shān	shàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sim1	sim3

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	苫	苫
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shān	shàn
Middle Chinese	‹ syem ›	‹ syemH ›
Old Chinese	/*s.tem/	/*s-tem-s/
English	thatch	thatch
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	苫	苫
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	16710	16712
Phonetic component	占	占
Rime group	談	談
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	苫	閃
Old Chinese	/*hljem/	/*hljems/

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shān (shan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄢ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sim¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): siam

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shān
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shan
    • Wade–Giles: shan¹
    • Yale: shān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shan
    • Palladius: шань (šanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sim¹
    • Yale: sīm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sim¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: xim¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːm⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siam
    • Tâi-lô: siam
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siafm
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /siam³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /siam⁴⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: syem, syemH

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.tem/, /*s-tem-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*hljem/, /*hljems/

Definitions

苫

1. straw mat

Japanese

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 苫

苫

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. woven mat

Readings

• Go-on: せん (sen)^{←せん (sen, historical)←せむ (semu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: せん (sen)^{←せん (sen, historical)←せむ (semu, ancient)}
• Kun: とま (toma, 苫)

Alternative forms

Kanji in this term
苫
とま Hyōgai
kun'yomi

• 篷

Etymology 1

⟨to₂ma⟩ → */təma/ → /toma/

Likely from Old Japanese.

Possibly derived from the verb 泊(と)まる (tomaru, “to stay”), or from 止(と)まる (tomaru, “to stop”), in reference to thatched roofs under which boats or people stay, or which stop falling rain. Other suggested sources include 鳥羽(とは) (toha, “bird's wing; feather”) or 戸(と) (to, “door; house”) + 衣(も) (mo, “clothing; covering”).^[1]

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) とま [tóꜜmà] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
• IPA^(key): [to̞ma̠]

Noun

苫(とま) • (toma) 

1. a woven mat, usually made from rush or hay
   • c. 951–953, Gosen Wakashū (book 6, poem 302; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 1)

     秋(あき)の田(た)のかりほの庵(いほ)の苫(とま)をあらみわが衣(ころも)手(で)は露(つゆ)にぬれつつ

     aki no ta no kariho no io no toma o arami waga koromode wa tsuyu ni nuretsutsu

     Coarse is the rush mat of my harvest-hut, sheltering the harvested ears of this autumn day; so my sleeves are growing wet with the evening dew.^[3]

2. (historical) in the Edo period, a kimono worn by carpenters

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 苫(とま)小(こ)牧(まい) (Tomakomai)
• 苫(とま)手(て) (tomate)
• 苫(とま)の屋(や) (toma no ya)
• 苫(とま)庇(びさし) (tomabisashi)
• 苫(とま)舟(ぶね), 苫(とま)船(ぶね) (tomabune)
• 苫(とま)葺(ぶ)き (tomabuki)
• 苫(とま)屋(や) (tomaya)

Proper noun

苫(とま) • (Toma) 

1. a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
苫
とば Hyōgai
irregular

Nasal /-m-/ → plosive /-b-/ variant of toma above.

Noun

苫(とば) • (toba) 

1. (rare) a woven mat, usually made from rush or hay
2. (rare) a kimono

Derived terms

• 長(なが)苫(とば) (nagatoba)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
苫
のま Hyōgai
irregular

Attested in the Iroha Jiruishō (c. 12th century).

Plosive /t-/ → nasal /n-/ variant of toma above.

Contemporary attestation in the Tōhoku and Hokuriku regions of northern Japan.^[4]

Noun

苫(のま) • (noma) 

1. (rare) a woven mat, usually made from rush or hay

References

1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
3. Andrea Grafetstätter, Sieglinde Hartmann (2011) James Michael Ogier, editor, Islands and Cities in Medieval Myth, Literature, and History: Papers Delivered at the International Medieval Congress, University of Leeds, in 2005, 2006, and 2007 (Volume 14 of Beihefte zur Mediaevistik), illustrated edition, Peter Lang, →ISBN, page 116
4. 1989, 日本方言大辞典 (Nihon Hōgen Daijiten) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

Korean

Hanja

苫 • (jeom) (hangeul 점, revised jeom, McCune–Reischauer chŏm, Yale cem)

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