素

素	U+7D20, 素 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D20

Han character

素 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 手一女戈火 (QMVIF), four-corner 5090₃, composition ⿱龶糸)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 918, character 11

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27300

Dae Jaweon: page 1348, character 7

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3368, character 3

Unihan data for U+7D20

More information simp. and trad. ...

simp. and trad.		素

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Glyph origin

More information Historical forms of the character 素, Western Zhou ...

Historical forms of the character 素
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

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More information Old Chinese ...

	Old Chinese
素	*saːs
傃	*saːs
嗉	*saːs
膆	*saːs
塐	*saːs

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Characters in the same phonetic series (素) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

Pictogram (象形) – hands 廾 braiding thread 糸.

In modern form, top component looks like 生 without the diagonal stroke – compare 責, 青.

Etymology

Austroasiatic in origin; compare Khmer ស (sɑɑ, “white; to show something clearly”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with 索 (OC *sraːɡ, *sreːɡ, “to search”).

Pronunciation

More information Variety, Location ...

Variety	Location	edit 素
Mandarin	Beijing	/su⁵¹/
	Harbin	/su⁵³/
	Tianjin	/su⁵³/
	Jinan	/su²¹/
	Qingdao	/su⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/su³¹²/
	Xi'an	/su⁴⁴/
	Xining	/ɕy²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/su¹³/
	Lanzhou	/su¹³/
	Ürümqi	/su²¹³/
	Wuhan	/səu³⁵/
	Chengdu	/su¹³/
	Guiyang	/su²¹³/
	Kunming	/su²¹²/
	Nanjing	/su⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/su⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/su⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/səu³⁵/
	Hohhot	/su⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/su³⁵/
	Suzhou	/səu⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/su⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/sɤu⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/su³²⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/səu⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/səu⁵⁵/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/səɯ⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/su⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/sz̩⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/su⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/sou³³/
	Nanning	/ɬu³³/
	Hong Kong	/sou³³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/sɔ²¹/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/sou²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/su³³/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/su²¹³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/so³⁵/ /to³⁵/

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More information Rime, Character ...

Rime
Character	素
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	桑故切
Baxter	suH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/suo^H/
Pan Wuyun	/suo^H/
Shao Rongfen	/so^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sɔ^H/
Li Rong	/so^H/
Wang Li	/su^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/suo^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sou³

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More information Character, Reading # ...

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	素
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sù
Middle Chinese	‹ su^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[s]ˁak-s/
English	white silk
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

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More information Zhengzhang system (2003), Character ...

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	素
Reading #	1/1
No.	12099
Phonetic component	素
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	訴
Old Chinese	/*saːs/

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Mandarin
(Pinyin): sù (su⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄙㄨˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sou³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): lhu¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): su

(Meixian, Guangdong): si⁴
Northern Min (KCR): su̿
Eastern Min (BUC): só
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sou⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sò͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): su³ / sou³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵su

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: sù
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sù
  - Wade–Giles: su⁴
  - Yale: sù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suh
  - Palladius: су (su)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /su⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: sou³
  - Yale: sou
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sou³
  - Guangdong Romanization: sou³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sou̯³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: lhu¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬu³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: su
  - Hakka Romanization System: su
  - Hagfa Pinyim: su⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /su⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: si⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /sz̩⁵³/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: su̿
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /su³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: só
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sou²¹³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: sou⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɔu⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sò͘
  - Tâi-lô: sòo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sox
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /sɔ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /sɔ²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /sɔ¹¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: su³ / sou³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sù / sòu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /su²¹³/, /sou²¹³/

Note:

su3 - literary;
sou3 - vernacular (limited, e.g., 味素).

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵su
  - MiniDict: su^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²su
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /su³⁴/

Dialectal data

Middle Chinese: suH

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ˤak-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*saːs/

Definitions

素

^† white silk
^† silk or paper used for writing
white
素面 ― sùmiàn ― unadorned face; face without makeup

素服 ― sùfú ― white mourning clothes
plain
素淨／素净 ― sùjìng ― plain and neat
vegetarian (food)
素菜 ― sùcài ― vegetable dish; vegetarian dish

吃素 ― chīsù ― to live on a vegetarian diet; to be a vegetarian

素食 ― sùshí ― vegetarian foods; to maintain a vegetarian diet
original; unprocessed
素材 ― sùcái ― source material

素質／素质 ― sùzhì ― nature
usually; always; all along
平素 ― píngsù ― normally; usually

素不往來／素不往来 ― sù bù wǎnglái ― have never had contact with each other

武漢素稱「九省通衢」。 [MSC, trad.]
武汉素称「九省通衢」。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǔhàn sù chēng “jiǔshěng tōngqú”. [Pinyin]
Wuhan has always been called "the thoroughfare of the nine provinces".
element
元素 ― yuánsù ― element

維生素／维生素 ― wéishēngsù ― vitamin

色素 ― sèsù ― pigment
(mathematics) prime
素數／素数 ― sùshù ― prime number

互素 ― hùsù ― coprime; relatively prime

Compounds

七葷八素／七荤八素
不葷不素／不荤不素
人工色素
促胰液素 (cùyíyèsù)
催產素／催产素 (cuīchǎnsù)
儉素／俭素
元素 (yuánsù)
內毒素／内毒素 (nèidúsù)
刺激素
動情素／动情素
化學元素／化学元素 (huàxué yuánsù)
升糖素 (shēngtángsù)
同位素 (tóngwèisù)
合成色素
吃素 (chīsù)
名素
合金元素
味素 (wèisù)
哀素
喬素／乔素
四環素／四环素 (sìhuánsù)
因素 (yīnsù)
國力要素／国力要素
土黴素／土霉素
外毒素 (wàidúsù)
天然毒素
天然色素
太素
好丹非素
學問有素／学问有素
安之若素 (ānzhīruòsù)
宿素
寒素
尸位素餐 (shīwèisùcān)
尸祿素餐 (shīlùsùcān)
尺素 (chǐsù)
尿素 (niàosù)
布素
干擾素 (gānrǎosù)
平素 (píngsù)
康黴素／康霉素
微量元素 (wēiliàng yuánsù)
性激素 (xìngjīsù)
情素 (qíngsù)
懷真抱素／怀真抱素
懷素／怀素
懷鉛握素／怀铅握素
我行我素 (wǒxíngwǒsù)
抗利尿素
抑制素 (yìzhìsù)
抗毒素 (kàngdúsù)
抗生素 (kàngshēngsù)
把素
把素持齋／把素持斋
抗菌素 (kàngjūnsù)
抱素懷樸／抱素怀朴
持齋把素／持斋把素
新黴素／新霉素 (xīnméisù)
木瓜酵素 (mùguā jiàosù)
朴素 (pǔsù)
束素
核黃素／核黄素 (héhuángsù)
植物激素
樂素／乐素
樸素／朴素 (pǔsù)
樸素無華／朴素无华
檸檬素／柠檬素
毒素 (dúsù)
毫素
氯絲菌素／氯丝菌素
氯黴素／氯霉素 (lǜméisù)
水素 (shuǐsù)
油素
淡妝素服／淡妆素服
淨素／净素
激勃素
激素 (jīsù)
激素替代療法／激素替代疗法 (jīsù tìdài liáofǎ)
營養素／营养素 (yíngyǎngsù)
特殊因素
瓢菌素
甘之若素
生長激素／生长激素 (shēngzhǎng jīsù)
生長素／生长素 (shēngzhǎngsù)
甲狀腺素／甲状腺素 (jiǎzhuàngxiànsù)
田豫儉素／田豫俭素
番茄素
白水素女
白黴素／白霉素
皮質素／皮质素 (pízhìsù)
硫胺素 (liú'ànsù)
碳素鋼／碳素钢
磕素頭／磕素头
秋水仙素 (qiūshuǐxiānsù)
稀土元素 (xītǔ yuánsù)
積素／积素
穿素
竊位素餐／窃位素餐
竹素
竹素園／竹素园
簡素／简素 (jiǎnsù)
紈素／纨素
紅素／红素
素不相識／素不相识 (sùbùxiāngshí)
素交
素人 (sùrén)
素人畫家／素人画家
素什錦／素什锦
素來／素来 (sùlái)
素冠
素友
素口罵人／素口骂人
素問／素问
素士
素女 (Sùnǚ)
素女弦
素娥 (Sù'é)
素室
素客
素宦
素封
素尚
素履
素席 (sùxí)
素常 (sùcháng)
素幡
素心 (sùxīn)
素心蘭／素心兰
素志 (sùzhì)
素性 (sùxìng)
素懷／素怀
素手 (sùshǒu)
素描 (sùmiáo)
素放
素數／素数 (sùshù)
素族
素日 (sùrì)
素昔
素昧平生 (sùmèipíngshēng)
素昧生平
素書／素书
素月 (sùyuè)
素服 (sùfú)
素望
素未謀面／素未谋面 (sùwèimóumiàn)
素朴 (sùpǔ)
素材 (sùcái)
素業／素业
素樸／素朴 (sùpǔ)
素氣／素气
素油 (sùyóu)
素流
素淡 (sùdàn)
素淨／素净
素潔／素洁
素牘／素牍
素王 (sùwáng)
素琴
素白
素知 (sùzhī)
素節／素节
素筵
素絲羔羊／素丝羔羊
素絲良馬／素丝良马
素絲變／素丝变
素絹／素绢
素練／素练
素聞／素闻
素舊／素旧
素色 (sùsè)
素菜 (sùcài)
素藉／素借
素行
素行不良
素衣
素衣化緇／素衣化缁
素衷
素袋
素裹
素論／素论
素識／素识
素質／素质 (sùzhì)
素車／素车
素車白馬／素车白马
素退
素酒
素門凡流／素门凡流
素隱行怪／素隐行怪
素雅 (sùyǎ)
素雞／素鸡 (sùjī)
素面 (sùmiàn)
素面朝天 (sùmiàncháotiān)
素願／素愿 (sùyuàn)
素風／素风
素食 (sùshí)
素飯／素饭
素養／素养 (sùyǎng)
素餐 (sùcān)
素餐尸位
素馨 (sùxīn)
素髮／素发
細胞色素／细胞色素 (xìbāo sèsù)
絹素／绢素
維生素／维生素 (wéishēngsù)
縞素／缟素 (gǎosù)
縑素／缣素
繪事後素／绘事后素
纖維素／纤维素 (xiānwéisù)
肌紅素／肌红素
胎盤素／胎盘素
胡蘿蔔素／胡萝卜素 (húluóbosù)
胎裡素／胎里素
胰島素／胰岛素 (yídǎosù)
胰高血糖素 (yígāoxuètángsù)
腎上腺素／肾上腺素 (shènshàngxiànsù)
腸泌素／肠泌素
膽囊收縮素／胆囊收缩素 (dǎnnángshōusuōsù)
色素 (sèsù)
花青素 (huāqīngsù)
茜素 (qiànsù)
茹素 (rúsù)
茶素
葉紅素／叶红素
葷素不忌／荤素不忌
葉綠素／叶绿素 (yèlǜsù)
葉黃素／叶黄素 (yèhuángsù)
藻紅素／藻红素
蜀素帖
血紅素／血红素 (xuèhóngsù)
衷素
要素 (yàosù)
觀音素／观音素
解素
訓練有素／训练有素 (xùnliànyǒusù)
詞素／词素 (císù)
護髮素／护发素 (hùfàsù)
豪素
赤黴素／赤霉素 (chìméisù)
酪素
酵素 (jiàosù)
酵素毒
重元素
金屬元素／金属元素
金素
金黴素／金霉素 (jīnméisù)
鉛素／铅素
鉑黴素／铂霉素
鏈黴素／链霉素
開素／开素
雄性激素 (xióngxìng jīsù)
雅素
青蠅點素／青蝇点素
青黴素／青霉素 (qīngméisù)
音素 (yīnsù)
音素文字 (yīnsù wénzì)
顛張醉素／颠张醉素
類毒素／类毒素 (lèidúsù)
食用色素 (shíyòng sèsù)
鯉素／鲤素
鵝素／鹅素
鹵素／卤素 (lǔsù)
鹵素燈／卤素灯
麻黃素／麻黄素 (máhuángsù)
黃帝素問／黄帝素问
黃樟素／黄樟素
黃體激素／黄体激素
黃麴毒素／黄曲毒素
黏液素 (niányèsù)
黑色素 (hēisèsù)

References

“素”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Kanji

素

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

basic
plain

Etymology 1

More information Kanji in this term ...

Kanji in this term
素
す Grade: 5
on'yomi

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Derived from Middle Chinese 素 (MC suH).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) す [súꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
(Tokyo) す [sù] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [sɨ]

Noun

素(す) • (su) ^{←す (su)^?}

unadorned state

Etymology 2

More information Kanji in this term ...

Kanji in this term
素
もと Grade: 5
kun'yomi

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For pronunciation and definitions of 素 – see the following entry.

【元もと】2

[noun] cause, origin

[noun] basis, foundation

[noun] cost

[noun] (finance) capital

[noun] principal

[prefix] former, erstwhile

Alternative spellings
本, 原, 基

(This term, 素, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) もと [mòtóꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1]
IPA^(key): [mo̞to̞]

Noun

素(もと) • (moto) ^{←もと (moto)^?}

(cooking) essence
ご飯(はん)の素(もと)
gohan no moto
rice flavoring / seasoning

Etymology 3

More information Kanji in this term ...

Kanji in this term
素
そ Grade: 5
kun'yomi

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From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) そ [sóꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [so̞]

Adjective

素(そ) • (so) -na (adnominal 素(そ)な (so na), adverbial 素(そ)に (so ni))

plain
(mathematics) prime (having no factors but 1 and itself)
互(たが)いに素(そ)
tagai ni so
mutually prime

References

[1]
Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 素 (MC suH). Recorded as Middle Korean 소 (swo) (Yale: swo) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

(element; basis):
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰo̞]
- Phonetic hangul: [소]
(plain; white):
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [sʰo̞(ː)]
- Phonetic hangul: [소(ː)]
  - Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

素

Wikisource 素 (eumhun 흴 소 (huil so))
素 (eumhun 본디 소 (bondi so))

hanja form^? of 소 (“plain; white”)
hanja form^? of 소 (“element; basis”)

Compounds

소광 (素光, sogwang)
소인 (素人, soin)
소일 (素一, soil)
소지 (素地, soji)
소정 (素定, sojeong)
소망 (素望, somang)
소박 (素朴, sobak)
소복 (素服, sobok)
소성 (素性, soseong)
소수 (素數, sosu)
소재 (素材, sojae)
원소 (元素, wonso)
수소 (水素, suso)
소인수 (素因數, soinsu)
소인자 (素因子, soinja)
소립자 (素粒子, soripja)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Chữ Hán

素: Nôm readings: tố^[1], tó^[2]

(dated) chữ Hán form of tố (“clean, white”).
chữ Hán form of tố (“element, basis”).

Compounds

References

[DJR-1] [1]
Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[Trần_(1999)-2] [1]
Trần (1999).

[gdhn-3] [2]
Trần (2004).

[1]

[1]

[2]

Han character

See also

References

Glyph origin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Definitions

Compounds

References

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Derived terms

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Adjective

References

Etymology

Pronunciation

Hanja

Compounds

References

Chữ Hán

Compounds

References

Han character

See also

References

Glyph origin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Definitions

Compounds

References

Kanji

Readings

Compounds

Derived terms

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Adjective

References

Etymology

Pronunciation

Hanja

Compounds

References

Chữ Hán

Compounds

References

Translingual

Chinese

Japanese

Korean

Vietnamese