毅
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Han character
毅 (Kangxi radical 79, 殳+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 卜人竹弓水 (YOHNE), four-corner 07247, composition ⿰豙殳)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 587, character 14
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16673
- Dae Jaweon: page 979, character 17
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2165, character 5
- Unihan data for U+6BC5
| simp. and trad. |
毅 | |
|---|---|---|
| 2nd round simp. | ⿱乙力 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 毅 |
|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Small seal script |
 |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋɯds) : phonetic 豙 (OC *ŋɯs, *ŋɯds) + semantic 殳 (“an ancient Chinese weapon”)
Etymology
Semantically extended from 豙 (yì, “enraged pig”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for further etymology.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ngai6
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): ngiê
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gi5
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gē / gī
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yì
- Wade–Giles: i4
- Yale: yì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
- Palladius: и (i)
- Sinological IPA (key): /i⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ngai6
- Yale: ngaih
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngai6
- Guangdong Romanization: ngei6
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋɐi̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngi
- Hakka Romanization System: ngi
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngi4
- Sinological IPA: /ŋi⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: ngi˖
- Sinological IPA: /ŋi³³/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ngiê
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋiɛ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: gi5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ki²¹/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: ngj+jH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]ə[t]-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋɯds/
Definitions
毅
- resolute; decisive; firm; staunch
- 曾子曰：「士不可以不弘毅，任重而道遠。仁以為己任，不亦重乎？死而後已，不亦遠乎？」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zēngzǐ yuē: “Shì bù kěyǐ bù hóng yì, rèn zhòng ér dào yuǎn. Rén yǐ wèi jǐ rèn, bù yì zhòng hū? Sǐ ér hòu yǐ, bù yì yuǎn hū?” [Pinyin]
- The philosopher Zeng said, "The officer may not be without breadth of mind and vigorous endurance. His burden is heavy and his course is long. Perfect virtue is the burden which he considers it is his to sustain - is it not heavy? Only with death does his course stop - is it not long?"
曾子曰：「士不可以不弘毅，任重而道远。仁以为己任，不亦重乎？死而后已，不亦远乎？」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 寬而栗，柔而立，愿而恭，亂而敬，擾而毅，直而溫，簡而廉，剛而塞，彊而義。彰厥有常，吉哉！ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Documents, circa 7th – 4th centuries BCE
- Kuān ér lì, róu ér lì, yuàn ér gōng, luàn ér jìng, rǎo ér yì, zhí ér wēn, jiǎn ér lián, gāng ér sè, qiáng ér yì. Zhāng jué yǒu cháng, jí zāi! [Pinyin]
- Tolerant yet firm; mild yet steadfast; ingenuous yet respectful; gubernatorial yet reverent; permissive yet resolute; straightforward yet gracious; terse yet incorruptible; stern yet sincere; and stalwart yet just. Whoever displays those qualities consistently, is [a] good [official] indeed!
宽而栗，柔而立，愿而恭，乱而敬，扰而毅，直而温，简而廉，刚而塞，强而义。彰厥有常，吉哉！ [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 君子曰：「失禮違命，宜其為禽也。戎，昭果毅以聽之，之謂禮。殺敵為果，致果為毅。易之，戮也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE, translation from Zuozhuan: Commentary on the "Spring and Autumn Annals" (2017), by Stephen Durrant, Wai-yee Li and David Schaberg
- Jūnzǐ yuē: “Shīlǐ wéimìng, yí qí wéiqín yě. Róng, zhāo guǒyì yǐ tīng zhī, zhī wèi lǐ. Shādí wéi guǒ, zhìguǒ wéi yì. Yì zhī, lù yě.” [Pinyin]
- The noble man said, “He deviated from ritual propriety and disobeyed commands. It is fitting that he became a captive. In martial affairs, to manifest decisiveness and determination in obeying commands is ritual propriety. To kill the enemy is decisiveness; to sustain decisiveness is determination. To change this is to incur punishment and execution.”
君子曰：「失礼违命，宜其为禽也。戎，昭果毅以听之，之谓礼。杀敌为果，致果为毅。易之，戮也。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (literary) ruthless; cruel; unrelenting
- 30th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "bold resolution" (𝌣)
Compounds
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Kanji
毅
Readings
Proper noun
- a male given name
- a male given name
- 犬養毅
- Inukai Tsuyoshi
- Inukai Tsuyoshi
- 犬養毅
Hanja
毅 • (ui) (hangeul 의, revised ui, McCune–Reischauer ŭi, Yale uy)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Han character
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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