寬

See also: 宽 and 寛

寬 U+5BEC, 寬 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BEC ← 寫 [U+5BEB] CJK Unified Ideographs 寭 → [U+5BED]

Translingual

Traditional	寬
Shinjitai	寛
Simplified	宽

Alternative forms

• In Taiwan, Hong Kong, Japanese kanji, Korean hanja and Vietnamese Nôm, the component above 萈 is written with ⻀ (ram's horn component), which is the orthodox form found in the Kangxi dictionary.
• In mainland China (based on Xin Zixing, 新字形), the component above 萈 is written with 艹 (grass radical).

Han character

寬 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+12 in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 宀+11 in mainland China, 15 strokes in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 14 strokes in mainland China, cangjie input 十廿月戈 (JTBI), four-corner 3021₆, composition ⿱宀萈 or ⿳宀艹⿷見丶(G) or ⿳宀⻀⿷見丶(HTJKV))

Usage notes

This character is not to be confused with 寛 (U+5BDB), a Japanese shinjitai character, which has one dot missing and is encoded as a separate character.

Derived characters

• 臗(𣎑), 鑧, 髖(髋), 𡂷, 𡒵, 𢸎, 𣟂, 𦆼, 𦒨, 𦪻, 𡬘, 𫣷

Related characters

• 寛 (Japanese shinjitai, also a variant form)
• 宽 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 292, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7322
• Dae Jaweon: page 578, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 947, character 1
• Unihan data for U+5BEC

Chinese

trad.		寬
simp.		宽
alternative forms		寛

Glyph origin

	Old Chinese
寬	*kʰoːn
髖	*kʰoːn, *kʰuːn
萈	*ɡoːn
臗	*kʰuːn

Characters in the same phonetic series (萈) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰoːn) : semantic 宀 (“house”) + phonetic 萈 (OC *ɡoːn, “goat”)—a spacious house.

See also 家.

Etymology

Note similarities to Burmese ခွင့် (hkwang., “permission, rights”).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character	寬
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦官切
Baxter	khwan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰuɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰʷɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰuɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰwan/
Li Rong	/kʰuɑn/
Wang Li	/kʰuɑn/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰuɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kuān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fun1

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	寬
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kuān
Middle Chinese	‹ khwan ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʷʰˁa[n]/
English	vast, wide
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	寬
Reading #	1/1
No.	5346
Phonetic component	萈
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	寬
Old Chinese	/*kʰoːn/

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): kuān (kuan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄢ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): kuan¹

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fun¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): khôn

  (Meixian, Guangdong): kon¹

• Eastern Min (BUC): kuăng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khoan / khoaⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kuang¹ / kuêng¹ / kuan¹ / kuan³

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹khuoe

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kuān
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kuan
    • Wade–Giles: kʻuan¹
    • Yale: kwān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuan
    • Palladius: куань (kuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu̯än⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: kuan¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kuan
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuan⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fun¹
    • Yale: fūn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fun¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: fun¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuːn⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khôn
    • Hakka Romanization System: kon^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kon¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰon²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: kon¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰɔn⁴⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kuăng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuaŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoan / khoaⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: khuan / khuann
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qoafn, qvoaf
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰuan⁴⁴/, /kʰuã⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰuan³³/, /kʰuã³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰuan⁴⁴/, /kʰuã⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰuan⁴⁴/, /kʰuã⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰuan⁴⁴/, /kʰuã⁴⁴/

Note:

• khoan - literary;
• khoaⁿ - vernacular.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kuang¹ / kuêng¹ / kuan¹ / kuan³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khuang / khueng / khuaⁿ / khuàⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuaŋ³³/, /kʰueŋ³³/, /kʰũã³³/, /kʰũã²¹³/
Note:
• kuang1/kuêng1 - literary (kuêng1 - Chaozhou);
• kuan1 - vernacular ("slow", also written as 款);
• kuan3 - vernacular.
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹khuoe
    • MiniDict: khuoe^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹khuoe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰuø⁵³/

---

• Middle Chinese: khwan

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷʰˤa[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰoːn/

Definitions

寬

1. wide; broad

   這條新修的馬路很寬。 [MSC, trad.]
   这条新修的马路很宽。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zhè tiáo xīn xiū de mǎlù hěn kuān. [Pinyin]

   This newly constructed road is wide.

   Antonym: 窄

2. width

   中國國旗的寬是長的三分之二。 [MSC, trad.]
   中国国旗的宽是长的三分之二。 [MSC, simp.]

   Zhōngguó guóqí de kuān shì cháng de sān fēn zhī èr. [Pinyin]

   The width of a Chinese flag is two-thirds its length.

   河面有二十米寬。 [MSC, trad.]
   河面有二十米宽。 [MSC, simp.]

   Hémiàn yǒu èrshí mǐ kuān. [Pinyin]

   The river surface is 20 metres wide.

3. generous; magnanimous; lenient
4. to relax; to relieve
5. comfortably off; well-off
6. to take off

   寬衣／宽衣  ―  kuānyī  ―  to take off one's clothes

7. (Southern Min) slow

   寬寬仔／宽宽仔 [Hokkien]  ―  khoan-khoan-á [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  slowly

   寬寬行／宽宽行 [Teochew]  ―  kuan¹ kuan¹ gian⁵ [Peng'im]  ―  walk slowly

Synonyms

• (wide):

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		寬
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	寬
	Taiwan	寬
	Harbin	寬
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	寬
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	寬
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	寬
	Wanrong	寬
	Xi'an	寬
	Xining	寬
	Xuzhou	寬
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	寬
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	寬
	Wuhan	寬
	Guiyang	寬
	Liuzhou	寬
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	寬
	Yangzhou	寬, 闊
	Hefei	闊
Cantonese	Guangzhou	闊
	Hong Kong	闊
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	闊
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	闊
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	闊
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	闊
	Macau	闊
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	闊
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	闊
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	闊
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	闊
	Foshan	闊
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	闊
	Foshan (Shunde)	闊
	Foshan (Sanshui)	闊
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	闊
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	闊
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	闊
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	闊
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	闊
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	闊
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	闊
	Taishan	闊
	Kaiping (Chikan)	闊
	Enping (Niujiang)	闊
	Heshan (Yayao)	闊
	Dongguan	闊
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	闊
	Qingyuan	闊
	Fogang	闊
	Yingde (Hanguang)	闊
	Yangshan	闊
	Lianshan (Butian)	闊
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	闊
	Shaoguan	闊
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	闊
	Renhua	闊
	Lechang	闊
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	闊
	Sihui	闊
	Guangning	寬
	Deqing	闊
	Huaiji	闊
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	闊
	Yunfu	闊
	Xinxing	闊
	Luoding	闊
	Yunan (Pingtai)	闊
	Yangjiang	闊
	Xinyi	闊
	Lianjiang	闊
	Nanning	闊
	Wuzhou	闊
	Yulin	闊
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	闊
	Guiping	闊
	Mengshan (Xihe)	闊
	Guigang (Nanjiang)	闊
	Beiliu (Tangliao)	闊
	Baise	闊
	Bobai	闊
	Lingshan	闊
	Pubei	闊
	Qinzhou	闊
Beihai	闊
Ningming	闊
Hengzhou	闊
Hezhou (Pumen, Babu)	闊
Danzhou	闊
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	闊
Gan	Nanchang	寬, 闊
	Lichuan	寬, 闊
	Pingxiang	闊
Hakka	Meixian	闊
	Xingning	闊
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	闊
	Huidong (Daling)	闊
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	闊
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	闊
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	闊
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	闊
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	闊
	Wengyuan	闊
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	闊
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	闊
	Liannan	闊
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	闊
	Jiexi	闊
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	闊
	Changting	闊
	Wuping	闊
	Wuping (Yanqian)	闊
	Wuping (Pingyu)	闊
	Liancheng	闊
	Ninghua	闊, 寬
	Yudu	寬, 闊
	Ningdu	闊
	Ruijin	闊
	Shicheng	闊
	Shangyou (Shexi)	闊
	Tonggu (Sandu)	闊
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	寬
	Dayu	闊
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	闊
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	闊
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	闊
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	闊
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	闊
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	闊
	Hong Kong	闊
	Mengshan (Xihe)	闊
	Luchuan	闊
	Senai (Huiyang)	闊
Huizhou	Jixi	闊
Jin	Taiyuan	寬
	Xinzhou	寬
Northern Min	Jian'ou	闊
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	闊, 寬
	Fuzhou (Changle)	闊
	Fuqing	闊
	Yongtai	闊
	Gutian	闊
	Fu'an	闊
	Ningde	闊
	Shouning	闊
	Zhouning	闊
	Fuding	闊
Southern Min	Xiamen	闊
	Quanzhou	闊
	Zhangzhou	闊
	Taipei	闊
	Kaohsiung	闊
	Yilan	闊
	Changhua (Lukang)	闊
	Taichung	闊
	Taichung (Wuqi)	闊
	Tainan	闊
	Taitung	闊
	Hsinchu	闊
	Penghu (Magong)	闊
	Manila (Hokkien)	闊
	Chaozhou	寬
	Shantou	闊, 寬
	Shantou (Chenghai)	闊
	Jieyang	闊, 寬
	Haifeng	闊
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	闊
	Haikou	闊
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	闊
Wu	Shanghai	闊
	Suzhou	闊
	Danyang	寬, 闊
	Hangzhou	闊
	Ningbo	闊
	Wenzhou	闊
	Jinhua	闊
Xiang	Changsha	寬, 闊
	Shuangfeng	寬, 闊

Dialectal synonyms of 寬 (“wide; broad”) [map]

• (slow):

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		慢, 緩慢
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	慢
	Taiwan	慢
	Malaysia	慢
	Singapore	慢
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	慢
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	慢
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	慢
	Wuhan	慢
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	慢
	Hefei	慢
Cantonese	Guangzhou	慢, 嚤
	Hong Kong	慢, 嚤
	Yangjiang	慢
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	慢
	Singapore (Guangfu)	慢
Gan	Nanchang	慢
Hakka	Meixian	慢
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	慢
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	慢
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	慢
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	慢
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	慢
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	慢
	Kuching (Hepo)	慢
Jin	Taiyuan	慢
Northern Min	Jian'ou	慢
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	慢
Southern Min	Xiamen	慢
	Quanzhou	慢
	Zhangzhou	慢
	Taipei	慢, 惡
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	慢, 惡
	Kaohsiung	慢, 惡
	Yilan	慢, 惡
	Changhua (Lukang)	慢, 惡
	Taichung	慢, 惡
	Tainan	慢, 惡
	Hsinchu	慢, 惡
	Kinmen	慢, 惡
	Penghu (Magong)	慢, 惡
	Penang (Hokkien)	慢, 惡
	Singapore (Hokkien)	慢
	Manila (Hokkien)	慢
	Chaozhou	慢
	Shantou	慢
	Singapore (Teochew)	慢
	Wenchang	慢
	Singapore (Hainanese)	慢
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	慢
Wu	Shanghai	慢
	Suzhou	慢
	Ningbo	慢, 緩
	Wenzhou	慢
Xiang	Changsha	慢
	Shuangfeng	慢

Dialectal synonyms of 慢 (“slow”) [map]

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “wide”): 窄 (zhǎi)

Compounds

• 外寬內忌／外宽内忌
• 外寬內深／外宽内深
• 大寬轉／大宽转
• 寬仁大度／宽仁大度
• 寬住／宽住
• 寬假／宽假
• 寬免／宽免 (kuānmiǎn)
• 寬刑省法／宽刑省法
• 寬博／宽博
• 寬厚／宽厚 (kuānhòu)
• 寬吻海豚／宽吻海豚 (kuānwěn hǎitún)
• 寬和／宽和 (kuānhé)
• 寬坐／宽坐
• 寬大／宽大 (kuāndà)
• 寬大為懷／宽大为怀
• 寬宏／宽宏 (kuānhóng)
• 寬宏大度／宽宏大度 (kuānhóng dàdù)
• 寬宏大量／宽宏大量 (kuānhóng dàliàng)
• 寬宥／宽宥
• 寬容／宽容 (kuānróng)
• 寬寬仔／宽宽仔 (khoaⁿ-khoaⁿ-á) (Min Nan)
• 寬尾鳳蝶／宽尾凤蝶
• 寬展／宽展
• 寬帶／宽带 (kuāndài)
• 寬幅／宽幅 (kuānfú)
• 寬度／宽度 (kuāndù)
• 寬廣／宽广 (kuānguǎng)
• 寬弘／宽弘
• 寬待／宽待 (kuāndài)
• 寬心／宽心 (kuānxīn)
• 寬心丸兒／宽心丸儿
• 寬恕／宽恕 (kuānshù)
• 寬慰／宽慰 (kuānwèi)
• 寬懷／宽怀 (kuānhuái)
• 寬扎 (Kuānzhá)
• 寬扎節／宽扎节 (Kuānzhájié)
• 寬打周遭／宽打周遭
• 寬打料帳／宽打料帐
• 寬打窄用／宽打窄用
• 寬敞／宽敞
• 寬暢／宽畅 (kuānchàng)
• 寬曠／宽旷 (kuānkuàng)
• 寬泛／宽泛 (kuānfàn)
• 寬洪／宽洪 (kuānhóng)
• 寬洪大度／宽洪大度
• 寬洪大量／宽洪大量
• 寬洪海量／宽洪海量
• 寬減額／宽减额
• 寬狹／宽狭
• 寬猛相濟／宽猛相济
• 寬皮毛／宽皮毛
• 寬皮說話／宽皮说话
• 寬窄／宽窄
• 寬綽／宽绰 (kuānchuò)
• 寬綽綽／宽绰绰
• 寬緩／宽缓 (kuānhuǎn)
• 寬縱／宽纵 (kuānzòng)
• 寬舒／宽舒
• 寬衣／宽衣 (kuānyī)
• 寬裕／宽裕 (kuānyù)
• 寬褪／宽褪
• 寬解／宽解
• 寬譬／宽譬
• 寬讓／宽让
• 寬貸／宽贷 (kuāndài)
• 寬轉／宽转
• 寬闊／宽阔 (kuānkuò)
• 寬限／宽限 (kuānxiàn)
• 寬限日／宽限日
• 寬頻／宽频 (kuānpín)
• 寬餘／宽余
• 寬饒／宽饶
• 寬鬆／宽松 (kuānsōng)
• 平坦寬闊／平坦宽阔
• 從寬／从宽 (cóngkuān)
• 從寬發落／从宽发落
• 心寬／心宽
• 心寬體肥／心宽体肥
• 心寬體胖／心宽体胖 (xīnkuāntǐpán)
• 打寬轉／打宽转
• 拓寬／拓宽 (tuòkuān)
• 放寬／放宽 (fàngkuān)
• 放寬心／放宽心
• 本大利寬／本大利宽
• 耕寬／耕宽
• 肩膀兒寬／肩膀儿宽
• 自寬／自宽
• 面寬／面宽
• 鬆寬／松宽

 

References

• “寬”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	寛
Kyūjitai	寬

Kanji

See also:

Category:Japanese terms spelled with 寬

寬

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 寛)

1. tolerant; lenient; generous

Readings

• On (unclassified): かん (kan)
• Kun: ひろい (hiroi, 寬い)、ゆるやか (yuruyaka, 寬やか)、くつろぐ (kutsurogu, 寬ぐ)

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kwa̠n]
• Phonetic hangul: [관]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

寬

Wikisource 寬 (eumhun 너그러울 관 (neogeureoul gwan))

1. hanja form^? of 관 (“broad, wide, spacious”)

Vietnamese

Han character

寬: Hán Nôm readings: khoan, khoăn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.