兄
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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兄 (Kangxi radical 10, 儿+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 口竹山 (RHU), four-corner 60210, composition ⿱口儿)
Historical forms of the character 兄 | ||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *maŋ (“big; old; elder (brother, uncle)”) (Sagart, 1999; STEDT). Related to 孟 (OC *mraːŋs, “great; eldest brother; first”); see there for more.
Schuessler (2007), instead, connects it to Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ʔwyik (“elder sibling”), which is from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔik (“elder brother”).
Alternatively, Benedict (1972) relates it to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bʷaŋ ~ *pʷaŋ (“(paternal) uncle; elder brother”), which is possibly also related to 伯 (OC *praːɡ, “paternal uncle; eldest brother”).
Variety | Location | 兄 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕioŋ⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /ɕioŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /ɕioŋ²¹/ | |
Jinan | /ɕioŋ²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /ɕiŋ²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ɕyoŋ²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /ɕioŋ²¹/ | |
Xining | /ɕyə̃⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /ɕyoŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /xỹn³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /ɕioŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /ɕioŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /ɕyoŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /ɕioŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /ɕioŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /ɕioŋ³¹/ | |
Hefei | /xiŋ²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕyəŋ¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /ɕioŋ¹³/ /ɕy¹³/ ~弟 | |
Hohhot | /ɕỹŋ³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ɕioŋ⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /ɕioŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /ɕioŋ³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /ɕoŋ³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ɕyʌ̃³¹/ |
Tunxi | /ɕyɛ¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ɕioŋ³³/ |
Xiangtan | /ɕin³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /ɕiɑŋ⁴²/ /ɕiuŋ⁴²/ 弟~ |
Hakka | Meixian | /hiuŋ⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /hioŋ²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /heŋ⁵³/ |
Nanning | /heŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /hiŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hiŋ⁵/ /hia⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xœyŋ⁵⁴/ /xiaŋ⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /hiã³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /hia²³/ /hia⁵⁵/ ~兄 |
兄
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