⾣
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
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Translingual
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Han character
酉 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一金田一 (MCWM), four-corner 10600, composition ⿴西一)
- Kangxi radical #164, ⾣.
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1280, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39763
- Dae Jaweon: page 1778, character 36
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3572, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9149
Chinese
Glyph origin
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| Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||||
| Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Pictogram (象形) — an ancient vase used in making and storing fermented millet alcoholic drink. See 酒.
A similar character is 酋, which indicates two drops of alcohol coming out of the vase. Unrelated to 西.
Etymology
- "wine; wine vessel"
- From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *jəw (“liquor”) (STEDT); cognate with 酒 (OC *ʔsluʔ, “wine”).
- "tenth earthly branch"
- Smith (2011) suggests that this branch denoted the "waxing half-moon", "construed as a vessel filling with liquid". Noting Schuessler (2007)'s observation that 酉 (yǒu)'s OC pronunciation started with *r-, Smith reconstructs *r-juʔ which would later lost its archaic pre-initial *r-, the same phonological split seen in pairs like 游 (OC) ~ 遊 (OC *ju, “to flow, to roam”) > yóu vs. 流 (OC *r-ju, “flow”) > liú. Smith further supposes that *r-juʔ, is an endoactive derivative of *r-ju "flow" by the suffix *-ʔ, meaning "the flowing stage".
- As for 酉 (yǒu)'s association with the chicken, Norman (1985) proposes that Chinese and Thai forms derived from Viet-Muong *rə̆k ~ *ruk, truncated from Proto-Vietic *r-kaː (“chicken”), yet Ferlus (2013) thinks this correspondence unlikely. Possibly, 酉 (yǒu) was arbitrarily associated with the chicken, just like 辰 (chén) with the dragon.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jau5
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): iù
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): iu3
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6yeu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: yǒu
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄡˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yǒu
- Wade–Giles: yu3
- Yale: yǒu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeou
- Palladius: ю (ju)
- Sinological IPA (key): /joʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jau5
- Yale: yáuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: jau5
- Guangdong Romanization: yeo5
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɐu̯¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yû
- Hakka Romanization System: iuˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yiu1
- Sinological IPA: /i̯u²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yû
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)iuˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yiu1
- Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯u²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: rhiuˋ
- Sinological IPA: /ʒiu⁵³/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: iù
- Sinological IPA (key): /ieu⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: iu3
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: iû
- Sinological IPA (key): /iu⁴⁵³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: iu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /iu³³²/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: yuwX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-ruʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*luʔ/
Definitions
酉
- an alcoholic drink vessel
- tenth of twelve earthly branches (十二支)
- rooster (鷄) of Chinese zodiac
- the period from 17:00 to 19:00
- (mathematics) unitary
Coordinate terms
Usage notes
Although it remains associated with alcoholic drink, the character alone is mostly used as the tenth earthly branch in the Chinese cyclical calendar.
Compounds
Japanese
Korean
Vietnamese
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