शपथ

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit शपथ (śapatha).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʃə.pət̪ʰ/, [ʃɐ.pɐt̪ʰ]

Noun

शपथ • (śapath) f (Urdu spelling شپتھ)

1. oath, asseveration

   Synonyms: क़सम (qasam), सौगंद (saugand), सौंह (sa͠uh)

   मैं गीता की शपथ खाता हूँ। ― ma͠i gītā kī śapath khātā hū̃. ― I swear by the Gita.

2. (rare) cursing, anathema, abuse, imprecation

Declension

	singular	plural
direct	शपथ śapath	शपथ śapath
oblique	शपथ śapath	शपथों śapathõ
vocative	शपथ śapath	शपथो śapatho

Declension of शपथ (masc cons-stem)

References

• Platts, John T. (1884) “शपथ”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• শপথ (Assamese script)
• ᬰᬧᬣ (Balinese script)
• শপথ (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰢𑰞 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑀧𑀣 (Brahmi script)
• ၐပထ (Burmese script)
• શપથ (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼ਪਥ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌶𑌪𑌥 (Grantha script)
• ꦯꦥꦡ (Javanese script)
• 𑂬𑂣𑂟 (Kaithi script)
• ಶಪಥ (Kannada script)
• ឝបថ (Khmer script)
• ຨປຖ (Lao script)
• ശപഥ (Malayalam script)
• ᡧᠠᢒᠠᡨᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘫𑘢𑘞 (Modi script)
• ᠱᠠᢒᠠᠲᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧋𑧂𑦾 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑐥𑐠 (Newa script)
• ଶପଥ (Odia script)
• ꢯꢦꢢ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑆥𑆡 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖢𑖞 (Siddham script)
• ශපථ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩿𑩰𑩬 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚧𑚞𑚚 (Takri script)
• ஶபத² (Tamil script)
• శపథ (Telugu script)
• ศปถ (Thai script)
• ཤ་པ་ཐ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑒣𑒟 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨮𑨞𑨚 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From the root शप् (śap, “to swear, curse”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɕɐ.pɐ́.tʰɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɕɐ.pɐ.t̪ʰɐ/

Noun

शपथ • (śapátha) stem, m

1. oath, vow
2. swear
3. scolding, curse
4. ordeal
5. reviling, anathema

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of शपथ (śapatha)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	शपथः śapathaḥ	शपथौ / शपथा¹ śapathau / śapathā¹	शपथाः / शपथासः¹ śapathāḥ / śapathāsaḥ¹
Vocative	शपथ śapatha	शपथौ / शपथा¹ śapathau / śapathā¹	शपथाः / शपथासः¹ śapathāḥ / śapathāsaḥ¹
Accusative	शपथम् śapatham	शपथौ / शपथा¹ śapathau / śapathā¹	शपथान् śapathān
Instrumental	शपथेन śapathena	शपथाभ्याम् śapathābhyām	शपथैः / शपथेभिः¹ śapathaiḥ / śapathebhiḥ¹
Dative	शपथाय śapathāya	शपथाभ्याम् śapathābhyām	शपथेभ्यः śapathebhyaḥ
Ablative	शपथात् śapathāt	शपथाभ्याम् śapathābhyām	शपथेभ्यः śapathebhyaḥ
Genitive	शपथस्य śapathasya	शपथयोः śapathayoḥ	शपथानाम् śapathānām
Locative	शपथे śapathe	शपथयोः śapathayoḥ	शपथेषु śapatheṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

• Pali: sapatha
• Prakrit:
  • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀲𑀯𑀳 (savaha)
  • Khasa Prakrit:
    • Kumaoni: सौँ (saũ)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀲𑀯𑀳 (savaha)
    • Konkani: savo

      Devanagari script: सवो

      Latin script: savo

      Kannada script: ಸವೊ

  • Paisaci Prakrit:
    • Sindhi: sãhũ

      Arabic script: سَنهُن

      Devanagari script: संहुं

    • Punjabi:

      Gurmukhi script: ਸੌਂਹ (saũh), ਸਹੁੰ (sahũ)

      Shahmukhi script: سَون٘ہہ (sauṉh)

  • Sauraseni Prakrit:
    • Hindustani:

      Hindi: सौंह (sa͠uh), सोंह (sõh), सौं (sa͠u), सों (sõ)

      Urdu: سَون٘ہہ (sa͠uhh), سوں (sõ)

• → Bengali: শপথ (śopoth) (learned)
• → Hindi: शपथ (śapath) (learned)
• → Old Javanese: śapatha
  • > Javanese: ꦱꦥꦠ (sapata), ꦱꦼꦥꦠ (sepata), ꦱꦸꦥꦠ (supata), ꦱꦸꦥꦲꦺꦴꦱ꧀ (supaos) (inherited)
  • → Balinese: sepata
• → Old Khmer: [script needed] (śapatha)
  • Khmer: ស្បថ (sbɑt)
• → Tamil: சபதம் (capatam) (learned)

References

• definition from Sanskrit Dictionary for Spoken Sanskrit
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “śapatha”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press