वीर

See also: वीर्, वीर्य, विरा, वारि, and वर

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit वीर (vīra). Doublet of बीर (bīr).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ʋiːɾ/
• Rhymes: -iːɾ

Adjective

वीर • (vīr) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling ویر)

1. heroic, brave

Noun

वीर • (vīr) m (Urdu spelling ویر)

1. hero, fighter, one who is brave

Declension

	singular	plural
direct	वीर vīr	वीर vīr
oblique	वीर vīr	वीरों vīrõ
vocative	वीर vīr	वीरो vīro

Declension of वीर (masc cons-stem)

Derived terms

• महावीर (mahāvīr)
• शूरवीर (śūrvīr)

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “वीर”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “वीर”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “वीर”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Kashmiri

Noun

वीर • (wīr) m (Perso-Arabic ویٖر)

1. a hero

Noun

वीर • (wīr) f (Perso-Arabic ویٖر)

1. white willow (Salix alba)

Marathi

Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘪𑘲𑘨 (vīra), from Maharastri Prakrit 𑀯𑀻𑀭 (vīra), from Sanskrit वीर (vīra).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʋiɾ/, [ʋiːɾ]

Adjective

वीर • (vīr)

1. brave

   Synonym: शूर (śūr)

Noun

वीर • (vīr) m

1. hero, warrior, champion
2. (literature, drama, dance) heroism — one of the eight rasas

Declension

Declension of वीर (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	वीर vīr
direct plural	वीर vīr
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	वीर vīr		वीर vīr
oblique सामान्यरूप	वीरा vīrā		वीरां- vīrān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	वीराला vīrālā		वीरांना vīrānnā
ergative	वीराने, वीरानं vīrāne, vīrāna		वीरांनी vīrānnī
instrumental	वीराशी vīrāśī		वीरांशी vīrānśī
locative सप्तमी	वीरात vīrāt		वीरांत vīrāt
vocative संबोधन	वीरा vīrā		वीरांनो vīrānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of वीर (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	वीराचा vīrāċā	वीराचे vīrāċe	वीराची vīrācī	वीराच्या vīrācā	वीराचे, वीराचं vīrāċe, vīrāċa	वीराची vīrācī	वीराच्या vīrācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	वीरांचा vīrānċā	वीरांचे vīrānċe	वीरांची vīrāñcī	वीरांच्या vīrāncā	वीरांचे, वीरांचं vīrānċe, vīrānċa	वीरांची vīrāñcī	वीरांच्या vīrāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “वीर”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “वीर”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• vīra (Latin script)
• 𑀯𑀻𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• ৰীর (Bengali script)
• වීර (Sinhalese script)
• ဝီရ or ဝဳရ (Burmese script)
• วีร or วีระ (Thai script)
• ᩅᩦᩁ (Tai Tham script)
• ວີຣ or ວີຣະ (Lao script)
• វីរ (Khmer script)
• 𑅇𑄩𑄢 (Chakma script)

Adjective

वीर

1. Devanagari script form of vīra

Noun

वीर m

1. Devanagari script form of vīra

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ৱীৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬯᬷᬭ (Balinese script)
• বীর (Bengali script)
• 𑰪𑰱𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀯𑀻𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• ဝီရ (Burmese script)
• વીર (Gujarati script)
• ਵੀਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌵𑍀𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦮꦷꦫ (Javanese script)
• 𑂫𑂲𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ವೀರ (Kannada script)
• វីរ (Khmer script)
• ວີຣ (Lao script)
• വീര (Malayalam script)
• ᠸᡳᡳᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘪𑘲𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᠸᠢᠢᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧊𑧓𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐰𑐷𑐬 (Newa script)
• ଵୀର (Odia script)
• ꢮꢷꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆮𑆵𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖪𑖱𑖨 (Siddham script)
• වීර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩾𑩑𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚦𑚯𑚤 (Takri script)
• வீர (Tamil script)
• వీర (Telugu script)
• วีร (Thai script)
• ཝཱི་ར (Tibetan script)
• 𑒫𑒲𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨭𑨁𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *wiHrás (“man”), from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós (“man”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬬𐬍𐬭𐬀 (vīra), Latin vir (“man”), Lithuanian výras, Old Irish fer, Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂 (wair), Old Norse verr, Old English wer (whence English wer).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋiː.ɾɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ʋiː.ɾɐ/

Noun

वीर • (vīrá) stem, m

1. a man, especially a brave or eminent man, hero, chief
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.7.3:

     त्वद्विप्रो॑ जायते वा॒ज्य॑ग्ने॒ त्वद्वी॒रासो॑ अभिमाति॒षाहः॑ ।
     वैश्वा॑नर॒ त्वम॒स्मासु॑ धेहि॒ वसू॑नि राजन्त्स्पृह॒याय्या॑णि ॥

     tvádvípro jāyate vājyàgne tvádvīrā́so abhimātiṣā́haḥ.
     vaíśvānara tvámasmā́su dhehi vásūni rājantspṛhayā́yyāṇi.

     The offerer of (sacrificial) food becomes wise, Agni, from you heroes become the vanquishers of foes; therefore, do you, royal vaiśvānara, bestow upon us enviable riches.

2. husband
   • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
3. male child, son
4. the male of an animal
5. heroism

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of वीर

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	वीरः (vīráḥ)	वीरौ (vīraú) वीरा¹ (vīrā́¹)	वीराः (vīrā́ḥ) वीरासः¹ (vīrā́saḥ¹)
vocative	वीर (vī́ra)	वीरौ (vī́rau) वीरा¹ (vī́rā¹)	वीराः (vī́rāḥ) वीरासः¹ (vī́rāsaḥ¹)
accusative	वीरम् (vīrám)	वीरौ (vīraú) वीरा¹ (vīrā́¹)	वीरान् (vīrā́n)
instrumental	वीरेण (vīréṇa)	वीराभ्याम् (vīrā́bhyām)	वीरैः (vīraíḥ) वीरेभिः¹ (vīrébhiḥ¹)
dative	वीराय (vīrā́ya)	वीराभ्याम् (vīrā́bhyām)	वीरेभ्यः (vīrébhyaḥ)
ablative	वीरात् (vīrā́t)	वीराभ्याम् (vīrā́bhyām)	वीरेभ्यः (vīrébhyaḥ)
genitive	वीरस्य (vīrásya)	वीरयोः (vīráyoḥ)	वीराणाम् (vīrā́ṇām)
locative	वीरे (vīré)	वीरयोः (vīráyoḥ)	वीरेषु (vīréṣu)

• ¹Vedic

Derived terms

• वीरभद्र (vīrabhadra)
• महावीर (mahāvīra)
• शूरवीर (śūravīra)

Adjective

वीर • (vīrá) stem

1. heroic, powerful, strong, excellent, eminent

Borrowed terms

• → Hindi: वीर (vīr)
• → Indonesian: wira
• → Javanese: wira
• → Kannada: ವೀರ (vīra)
• → Malay: wira
• → Malayalam: വീരം (vīraṁ)
• → Tamil: வீரம் (vīram), வீரன் (vīraṉ)
• → Telugu: వీర (vīra), వీరము (vīramu) వీరుడు (vīruḍu)

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Dameli: [script needed] (bīra, “male, he-goat”)
  • Gawar-Bati: [script needed] (heriu, “husband”)
  • Kalami: [script needed] (bīr, “he-goat”)
  • Kalasha: [script needed] (bīra, “male, he-goat”), [script needed] (birãe, “male”)
  • Kashmiri: ویٖر (vīr, “brave man”)
  • Kohistani Shina: [script needed] (bīro, “male”)
  • Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (wīr, “man”)
  • Phalura: [script needed] (bhīrɔ̄, “male”), [script needed] (bhīro, “he-goat”)
  • Shina: [script needed] (bīro, “male”)
  • Tirahi: [script needed] (bir, “male”)
• Helu Prakrit:
  • Dhivehi: ވީރު (vīru, “man”)
  • Sinhalese: විරු (wiru, “man”)
• Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀯𑀻𑀭 (vīra)
  • Assamese: বিরা (bira, “evil spirit”)
  • Bengali: বীর (bir, “hero”)
  • Maithili: बिर (bīr, “hero”)
• Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀯𑀻𑀭 (vīra)
  • Old Marathi: 𑘪𑘲𑘨 (vīra)
    • Marathi: वीर (vīr, “hero”)
• Pali: vīra
  • Pali: vīra
    • Burmese: ဝီရ (wira.)
    • Khmer: វីរ (viirĕəʼ)
    • Lao: ວີລະ (wī la)
    • Thai: วีร (wii-rá-), พิร
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀻𑀭 (vīra)
  • Gujarati: વીર (vīr), વીરૉ (vīrŏ, “brother (from a sister)”)
  • Hindi: बीर (bīr, “warrior”)
  • Kumaoni: बीर (bīr, “hero”)
  • Nepali: बिर (bira, “wild boar”)
  • Punjabi: ਵੀਰ (vīr, “hero”), ਬੀਰ (bīr, “brother (from a sister)”)
  • Sindhi: वीरु (vīru, “hero, demon”)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “वीर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 1005/2-3.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 569-70
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “vīrá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press