ऋत

See also: ऋतु

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• ঋত (Assamese script)
• ᬋᬢ (Balinese script)
• ঋত (Bengali script)
• 𑰆𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀋𑀢 (Brahmi script)
• ၒတ (Burmese script)
• ઋત (Gujarati script)
• ਰਤ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌋𑌤 (Grantha script)
• ꦉꦠ (Javanese script)
• 𑂩𑂱𑂞 (Kaithi script)
• ಋತ (Kannada script)
• ឫត (Khmer script)
• ຣິຕ (Lao script)
• ഋത (Malayalam script)
• ᡵᡳᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘆𑘝 (Modi script)
• ᠷᠢᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦦𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐆𑐟 (Newa script)
• ଋତ (Odia script)
• ꢈꢡ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆉𑆠 (Sharada script)
• 𑖆𑖝 (Siddham script)
• ඍත (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩙𑩫 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚙 (Takri script)
• ரித (Tamil script)
• ఋత (Telugu script)
• ฤต (Thai script)
• རྀ་ཏ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒇𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨫𑨉𑨙 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hr̥tás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥tás (“truth”) (whence Avestan 𐬀𐬴𐬀 (aṣ̌a, “truth”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥-tós, from *h₂er- (“to fit; fix; put together”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /r̩.tɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈr̩.t̪ɐ/

Adjective

ऋत • (ṛtá) stem

1. met with, afflicted by (+instrumental)
2. proper, right, fit, apt, suitable, able, brave, honest
3. true
4. worshipped, respected
5. enlightened, luminous

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of ऋत (ṛtá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ऋतः ṛtáḥ	ऋतौ / ऋता¹ ṛtaú / ṛtā́¹	ऋताः / ऋतासः¹ ṛtā́ḥ / ṛtā́saḥ¹
Vocative	ऋत ṛ́ta	ऋतौ / ऋता¹ ṛ́tau / ṛ́tā¹	ऋताः / ऋतासः¹ ṛ́tāḥ / ṛ́tāsaḥ¹
Accusative	ऋतम् ṛtám	ऋतौ / ऋता¹ ṛtaú / ṛtā́¹	ऋतान् ṛtā́n
Instrumental	ऋतेन ṛténa	ऋताभ्याम् ṛtā́bhyām	ऋतैः / ऋतेभिः¹ ṛtaíḥ / ṛtébhiḥ¹
Dative	ऋताय ṛtā́ya	ऋताभ्याम् ṛtā́bhyām	ऋतेभ्यः ṛtébhyaḥ
Ablative	ऋतात् ṛtā́t	ऋताभ्याम् ṛtā́bhyām	ऋतेभ्यः ṛtébhyaḥ
Genitive	ऋतस्य ṛtásya	ऋतयोः ṛtáyoḥ	ऋतानाम् ṛtā́nām
Locative	ऋते ṛté	ऋतयोः ṛtáyoḥ	ऋतेषु ṛtéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of ऋता (ṛtā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ऋता ṛtā́	ऋते ṛté	ऋताः ṛtā́ḥ
Vocative	ऋते ṛ́te	ऋते ṛ́te	ऋताः ṛ́tāḥ
Accusative	ऋताम् ṛtā́m	ऋते ṛté	ऋताः ṛtā́ḥ
Instrumental	ऋतया / ऋता¹ ṛtáyā / ṛtā́¹	ऋताभ्याम् ṛtā́bhyām	ऋताभिः ṛtā́bhiḥ
Dative	ऋतायै ṛtā́yai	ऋताभ्याम् ṛtā́bhyām	ऋताभ्यः ṛtā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	ऋतायाः / ऋतायै² ṛtā́yāḥ / ṛtā́yai²	ऋताभ्याम् ṛtā́bhyām	ऋताभ्यः ṛtā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	ऋतायाः / ऋतायै² ṛtā́yāḥ / ṛtā́yai²	ऋतयोः ṛtáyoḥ	ऋतानाम् ṛtā́nām
Locative	ऋतायाम् ṛtā́yām	ऋतयोः ṛtáyoḥ	ऋतासु ṛtā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of ऋत (ṛtá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ऋतम् ṛtám	ऋते ṛté	ऋतानि / ऋता¹ ṛtā́ni / ṛtā́¹
Vocative	ऋत ṛ́ta	ऋते ṛ́te	ऋतानि / ऋता¹ ṛ́tāni / ṛ́tā¹
Accusative	ऋतम् ṛtám	ऋते ṛté	ऋतानि / ऋता¹ ṛtā́ni / ṛtā́¹
Instrumental	ऋतेन ṛténa	ऋताभ्याम् ṛtā́bhyām	ऋतैः / ऋतेभिः¹ ṛtaíḥ / ṛtébhiḥ¹
Dative	ऋताय ṛtā́ya	ऋताभ्याम् ṛtā́bhyām	ऋतेभ्यः ṛtébhyaḥ
Ablative	ऋतात् ṛtā́t	ऋताभ्याम् ṛtā́bhyām	ऋतेभ्यः ṛtébhyaḥ
Genitive	ऋतस्य ṛtásya	ऋतयोः ṛtáyoḥ	ऋतानाम् ṛtā́nām
Locative	ऋते ṛté	ऋतयोः ṛtáyoḥ	ऋतेषु ṛtéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Proper noun

ऋत • (ṛtá) m

1. name of a रुद्र (Rudra)
2. name of a son of मनु चाक्षुष (Manu Cākṣuṣ)
3. name of a son of विजय (Vijaya)

Noun

ऋत • (ṛtá) stem, n

1. fixed or settled order, law, rule (especially in religion)
2. sacred or pious action or custom, divine law, faith, divine truth
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.108.11:

     दू॒रमि॑त पणयो॒ वरी॑य॒ उद्गावो॑ यन्तु मिन॒तीॠ॒तेन॑।
     बृह॒स्पति॒र्या अवि॑न्द॒न्निगू॑ळ्हा॒: सोमो॒ ग्रावा॑ण॒ ऋष॑यश्च॒ विप्रा॑:॥

     dūrámita paṇayo várīya údgā́vo yantu minatī́ṝténa.
     bṛ́haspátiryā́ ávindannígūḷhā: sómo grā́vāṇa ṛ́ṣayaśca víprā:.

     Hence, far away, ye Panis! Let the cattle lowing come forth as holy Law commandeth,
     Kine which Brihaspati, and Soma, Ṛsis, sages, and pressing-stones have found when hidden.

3. truth in general, righteousness, right
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.25.4:

     म॒हान्ता॑ मि॒त्रावरु॑णा स॒म्राजा॑ दे॒वावसु॑रा।
     ऋ॒तावा॑नाव्ऋ॒तम्आ घो॑षतो बृ॒हत्॥

     mahā́ntā mitrā́váruṇā samrā́jā devā́vásurā.
     ṛtā́vānāvṛtámā́ ghoṣato bṛhát.

     Great Mitra and Varuṇa, sovereign kings, gods and spirits truth-possessing, loudly sound their lofty truth.

4. figuratively said of gleaning (as the right means of a Brahman's obtaining a livelihood as opposed to agriculture, which is अनृत (anṛta))
5. promise, oath, vow
6. truth personified (as an object of worship, and hence enumerated among the sacred objects in the Nir.)
7. water
8. sacrifice
9. a particular sacrifice
10. sun
11. wealth

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of ऋत (ṛtá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ऋतम् ṛtám	ऋते ṛté	ऋतानि / ऋता¹ ṛtā́ni / ṛtā́¹
Vocative	ऋत ṛ́ta	ऋते ṛ́te	ऋतानि / ऋता¹ ṛ́tāni / ṛ́tā¹
Accusative	ऋतम् ṛtám	ऋते ṛté	ऋतानि / ऋता¹ ṛtā́ni / ṛtā́¹
Instrumental	ऋतेन ṛténa	ऋताभ्याम् ṛtā́bhyām	ऋतैः / ऋतेभिः¹ ṛtaíḥ / ṛtébhiḥ¹
Dative	ऋताय ṛtā́ya	ऋताभ्याम् ṛtā́bhyām	ऋतेभ्यः ṛtébhyaḥ
Ablative	ऋतात् ṛtā́t	ऋताभ्याम् ṛtā́bhyām	ऋतेभ्यः ṛtébhyaḥ
Genitive	ऋतस्य ṛtásya	ऋतयोः ṛtáyoḥ	ऋतानाम् ṛtā́nām
Locative	ऋते ṛté	ऋतयोः ṛtáyoḥ	ऋतेषु ṛtéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Adverb

ऋत • (ṛtá)

1. right, duly, properly, expressly, very
2. right, duly, properly, regularly, lawfully, according to usage or right
3. truly, sincerely, indeed

Descendants

• • Bengali: রীতি (riti, “law, continuity, tradition, habit, convention”)
• Dardic:
  • Kashmiri: رُت (rut)
• Paisaci Prakrit:
  • Punjabi: ਰੀਤ (rīt, “custom, tradition, rite”), ਰਿੱਤ (ritta)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “Ṛitá”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 223, column 2.