فرض

See also: قرض, فرص, قرص, ف ر ض, and ق ر ض

Arabic

Etymology 1

Root
ف ر ض (f r ḍ)
10 terms

Verb

فَرَضَ • (faraḍa) I (non-past يَفْرِضُ (yafriḍu), verbal noun فَرْض (farḍ))

1. to ordain
2. to make obligatory, to oblige
   • 2004, عَلِيّ شَرِيعَتِي (ʕaliyy šarīʕatī), translated by هادي السيد ياسين, النباهة والاستحمار, دار الأمير:

     إِنَّ أَكْبَرَ قِيَمِ الإِنْسَانِ هِيَ تِلْكَ الَّتِي يَبْدَأُ مِنْهَا (بِالرَّفْضِ) وَ(عَدَمِ التَّسْلِيمِ) اللَّذَيْنِ يَتَلَخَّصَانِ بِكَلِمَةِ (لَا) وَمِنْهَا بَدَأَ آدَمٌ أَبُو البَشَرِ.. أُمِرَ أَنْ لَا يَأْكُلَ مِنْ تِلْكَ الثَّمَرَةِ، لٰكِنَّهُ اَكَلَ، فَصَارَ بَعْدَئِذٍ بَشَرًا وَهَبَطَ إِلَىٰ الأَرْضِ، وِإِلَّا لَكَانَ مَلَكًا لَا مِيزَةَ لَهُ، وَلَصَارَ غَيْرُهُ آدَمَ وَلَفُرِضَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَسْجُدَ أَمَامَهُ، لَكِنَّهُ تَمَرَّدَ فَصَارَ آدَم.

     ʔinna ʔakbara qiyami l-ʔinsāni hiya tilka llatī yabdaʔu minhā (bi-r-rafḍi) wa(ʕadami t-taslīmi) al-laḏayni yatalaḵḵaṣāni bikalimati (lā) waminhā badaʔa ʔādamun ʔabū l-bašari.. ʔumira ʔan lā yaʔkula min tilka ṯ-ṯamarati, lākinnahu akala, faṣāra baʕdaʔiḏin bašaran wahabaṭa ʔilā l-ʔarḍi, wiʔillā lakāna malakan lā mīzata lahu, walaṣāra ḡayruhu ʔādama walafuriḍa ʕalayhi ʔan yasjuda ʔamāmahu, lakinnahu tamarrada faṣāra ʔādam.

     For sure the biggest human value is that from which s/he begings by "refusing" and "not consenting" that are summarised in the word "no" and from it began Adam the father of humanity.. He had been ordered not to eat from that fruit, but he ate, and henceforth he became a human and landed on Earth, if he had not he would have been an angel with no distinguishing feature, and someone else would have become Adam and he would have been obliged to prostrate before him, but he rebelled and so he became Adam.

3. to impose

Conjugation

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						فَرْض farḍ
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						فَارِض fāriḍ
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مَفْرُوض mafrūḍ
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	فَرَضْتُ faraḍtu	فَرَضْتَ faraḍta	فَرَضَ faraḍa		فَرَضْتُمَا faraḍtumā	فَرَضَا faraḍā		فَرَضْنَا faraḍnā	فَرَضْتُمْ faraḍtum	فَرَضُوا faraḍū
	f		فَرَضْتِ faraḍti	فَرَضَتْ faraḍat			فَرَضَتَا faraḍatā			فَرَضْتُنَّ faraḍtunna	فَرَضْنَ faraḍna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَفْرِضُ ʔafriḍu	تَفْرِضُ tafriḍu	يَفْرِضُ yafriḍu		تَفْرِضَانِ tafriḍāni	يَفْرِضَانِ yafriḍāni		نَفْرِضُ nafriḍu	تَفْرِضُونَ tafriḍūna	يَفْرِضُونَ yafriḍūna
	f		تَفْرِضِينَ tafriḍīna	تَفْرِضُ tafriḍu			تَفْرِضَانِ tafriḍāni			تَفْرِضْنَ tafriḍna	يَفْرِضْنَ yafriḍna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَفْرِضَ ʔafriḍa	تَفْرِضَ tafriḍa	يَفْرِضَ yafriḍa		تَفْرِضَا tafriḍā	يَفْرِضَا yafriḍā		نَفْرِضَ nafriḍa	تَفْرِضُوا tafriḍū	يَفْرِضُوا yafriḍū
	f		تَفْرِضِي tafriḍī	تَفْرِضَ tafriḍa			تَفْرِضَا tafriḍā			تَفْرِضْنَ tafriḍna	يَفْرِضْنَ yafriḍna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَفْرِضْ ʔafriḍ	تَفْرِضْ tafriḍ	يَفْرِضْ yafriḍ		تَفْرِضَا tafriḍā	يَفْرِضَا yafriḍā		نَفْرِضْ nafriḍ	تَفْرِضُوا tafriḍū	يَفْرِضُوا yafriḍū
	f		تَفْرِضِي tafriḍī	تَفْرِضْ tafriḍ			تَفْرِضَا tafriḍā			تَفْرِضْنَ tafriḍna	يَفْرِضْنَ yafriḍna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِفْرِضْ ifriḍ			اِفْرِضَا ifriḍā				اِفْرِضُوا ifriḍū
	f		اِفْرِضِي ifriḍī							اِفْرِضْنَ ifriḍna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	فُرِضْتُ furiḍtu	فُرِضْتَ furiḍta	فُرِضَ furiḍa		فُرِضْتُمَا furiḍtumā	فُرِضَا furiḍā		فُرِضْنَا furiḍnā	فُرِضْتُمْ furiḍtum	فُرِضُوا furiḍū
	f		فُرِضْتِ furiḍti	فُرِضَتْ furiḍat			فُرِضَتَا furiḍatā			فُرِضْتُنَّ furiḍtunna	فُرِضْنَ furiḍna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُفْرَضُ ʔufraḍu	تُفْرَضُ tufraḍu	يُفْرَضُ yufraḍu		تُفْرَضَانِ tufraḍāni	يُفْرَضَانِ yufraḍāni		نُفْرَضُ nufraḍu	تُفْرَضُونَ tufraḍūna	يُفْرَضُونَ yufraḍūna
	f		تُفْرَضِينَ tufraḍīna	تُفْرَضُ tufraḍu			تُفْرَضَانِ tufraḍāni			تُفْرَضْنَ tufraḍna	يُفْرَضْنَ yufraḍna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُفْرَضَ ʔufraḍa	تُفْرَضَ tufraḍa	يُفْرَضَ yufraḍa		تُفْرَضَا tufraḍā	يُفْرَضَا yufraḍā		نُفْرَضَ nufraḍa	تُفْرَضُوا tufraḍū	يُفْرَضُوا yufraḍū
	f		تُفْرَضِي tufraḍī	تُفْرَضَ tufraḍa			تُفْرَضَا tufraḍā			تُفْرَضْنَ tufraḍna	يُفْرَضْنَ yufraḍna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُفْرَضْ ʔufraḍ	تُفْرَضْ tufraḍ	يُفْرَضْ yufraḍ		تُفْرَضَا tufraḍā	يُفْرَضَا yufraḍā		نُفْرَضْ nufraḍ	تُفْرَضُوا tufraḍū	يُفْرَضُوا yufraḍū
	f		تُفْرَضِي tufraḍī	تُفْرَضْ tufraḍ			تُفْرَضَا tufraḍā			تُفْرَضْنَ tufraḍna	يُفْرَضْنَ yufraḍna

    Conjugation of فَرَضَ (I, sound, a ~ i, full passive, verbal noun فَرْض)

Verb

فَرَّضَ • (farraḍa) II (non-past يُفَرِّضُ (yufarriḍu), verbal noun تَفْرِيض (tafrīḍ))

1. to notch, to make incisions in

Conjugation

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَفْرِيض tafrīḍ
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُفَرِّض mufarriḍ
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُفَرَّض mufarraḍ
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	فَرَّضْتُ farraḍtu	فَرَّضْتَ farraḍta	فَرَّضَ farraḍa		فَرَّضْتُمَا farraḍtumā	فَرَّضَا farraḍā		فَرَّضْنَا farraḍnā	فَرَّضْتُمْ farraḍtum	فَرَّضُوا farraḍū
	f		فَرَّضْتِ farraḍti	فَرَّضَتْ farraḍat			فَرَّضَتَا farraḍatā			فَرَّضْتُنَّ farraḍtunna	فَرَّضْنَ farraḍna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُفَرِّضُ ʔufarriḍu	تُفَرِّضُ tufarriḍu	يُفَرِّضُ yufarriḍu		تُفَرِّضَانِ tufarriḍāni	يُفَرِّضَانِ yufarriḍāni		نُفَرِّضُ nufarriḍu	تُفَرِّضُونَ tufarriḍūna	يُفَرِّضُونَ yufarriḍūna
	f		تُفَرِّضِينَ tufarriḍīna	تُفَرِّضُ tufarriḍu			تُفَرِّضَانِ tufarriḍāni			تُفَرِّضْنَ tufarriḍna	يُفَرِّضْنَ yufarriḍna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُفَرِّضَ ʔufarriḍa	تُفَرِّضَ tufarriḍa	يُفَرِّضَ yufarriḍa		تُفَرِّضَا tufarriḍā	يُفَرِّضَا yufarriḍā		نُفَرِّضَ nufarriḍa	تُفَرِّضُوا tufarriḍū	يُفَرِّضُوا yufarriḍū
	f		تُفَرِّضِي tufarriḍī	تُفَرِّضَ tufarriḍa			تُفَرِّضَا tufarriḍā			تُفَرِّضْنَ tufarriḍna	يُفَرِّضْنَ yufarriḍna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُفَرِّضْ ʔufarriḍ	تُفَرِّضْ tufarriḍ	يُفَرِّضْ yufarriḍ		تُفَرِّضَا tufarriḍā	يُفَرِّضَا yufarriḍā		نُفَرِّضْ nufarriḍ	تُفَرِّضُوا tufarriḍū	يُفَرِّضُوا yufarriḍū
	f		تُفَرِّضِي tufarriḍī	تُفَرِّضْ tufarriḍ			تُفَرِّضَا tufarriḍā			تُفَرِّضْنَ tufarriḍna	يُفَرِّضْنَ yufarriḍna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		فَرِّضْ farriḍ			فَرِّضَا farriḍā				فَرِّضُوا farriḍū
	f		فَرِّضِي farriḍī							فَرِّضْنَ farriḍna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	فُرِّضْتُ furriḍtu	فُرِّضْتَ furriḍta	فُرِّضَ furriḍa		فُرِّضْتُمَا furriḍtumā	فُرِّضَا furriḍā		فُرِّضْنَا furriḍnā	فُرِّضْتُمْ furriḍtum	فُرِّضُوا furriḍū
	f		فُرِّضْتِ furriḍti	فُرِّضَتْ furriḍat			فُرِّضَتَا furriḍatā			فُرِّضْتُنَّ furriḍtunna	فُرِّضْنَ furriḍna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُفَرَّضُ ʔufarraḍu	تُفَرَّضُ tufarraḍu	يُفَرَّضُ yufarraḍu		تُفَرَّضَانِ tufarraḍāni	يُفَرَّضَانِ yufarraḍāni		نُفَرَّضُ nufarraḍu	تُفَرَّضُونَ tufarraḍūna	يُفَرَّضُونَ yufarraḍūna
	f		تُفَرَّضِينَ tufarraḍīna	تُفَرَّضُ tufarraḍu			تُفَرَّضَانِ tufarraḍāni			تُفَرَّضْنَ tufarraḍna	يُفَرَّضْنَ yufarraḍna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُفَرَّضَ ʔufarraḍa	تُفَرَّضَ tufarraḍa	يُفَرَّضَ yufarraḍa		تُفَرَّضَا tufarraḍā	يُفَرَّضَا yufarraḍā		نُفَرَّضَ nufarraḍa	تُفَرَّضُوا tufarraḍū	يُفَرَّضُوا yufarraḍū
	f		تُفَرَّضِي tufarraḍī	تُفَرَّضَ tufarraḍa			تُفَرَّضَا tufarraḍā			تُفَرَّضْنَ tufarraḍna	يُفَرَّضْنَ yufarraḍna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُفَرَّضْ ʔufarraḍ	تُفَرَّضْ tufarraḍ	يُفَرَّضْ yufarraḍ		تُفَرَّضَا tufarraḍā	يُفَرَّضَا yufarraḍā		نُفَرَّضْ nufarraḍ	تُفَرَّضُوا tufarraḍū	يُفَرَّضُوا yufarraḍū
	f		تُفَرَّضِي tufarraḍī	تُفَرَّضْ tufarraḍ			تُفَرَّضَا tufarraḍā			تُفَرَّضْنَ tufarraḍna	يُفَرَّضْنَ yufarraḍna

    Conjugation of فَرَّضَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَفْرِيض)

Etymology 2

Noun

فَرْض • (farḍ) m (plural فُرُوض (furūḍ))

1. verbal noun of فَرَضَ (faraḍa) (form I)
2. duty

Declension

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	فَرْض farḍ	الْفَرْض al-farḍ	فَرْض farḍ
Nominative	فَرْضٌ farḍun	الْفَرْضُ al-farḍu	فَرْضُ farḍu
Accusative	فَرْضًا farḍan	الْفَرْضَ al-farḍa	فَرْضَ farḍa
Genitive	فَرْضٍ farḍin	الْفَرْضِ al-farḍi	فَرْضِ farḍi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	فَرْضَيْن farḍayn	الْفَرْضَيْن al-farḍayn	فَرْضَيْ farḍay
Nominative	فَرْضَانِ farḍāni	الْفَرْضَانِ al-farḍāni	فَرْضَا farḍā
Accusative	فَرْضَيْنِ farḍayni	الْفَرْضَيْنِ al-farḍayni	فَرْضَيْ farḍay
Genitive	فَرْضَيْنِ farḍayni	الْفَرْضَيْنِ al-farḍayni	فَرْضَيْ farḍay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	فُرُوض furūḍ	الْفُرُوض al-furūḍ	فُرُوض furūḍ
Nominative	فُرُوضٌ furūḍun	الْفُرُوضُ al-furūḍu	فُرُوضُ furūḍu
Accusative	فُرُوضًا furūḍan	الْفُرُوضَ al-furūḍa	فُرُوضَ furūḍa
Genitive	فُرُوضٍ furūḍin	الْفُرُوضِ al-furūḍi	فُرُوضِ furūḍi

Declension of noun فَرْض (farḍ)

Derived terms

• فَرْضُ عَيْنٍ (farḍu ʕaynin, “individual duty”)
• فَرْضُ كِفَايَةٍ (farḍu kifāyatin, “communal duty”)

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: fərz
• → Bashkir: фарыз (farız)
• → English: fard
• → Italian: fardello
• → Kazakh: парыз (paryz)
• → Kurdish:

  → Central Kurdish: فەڕز (ferrz)

  → Northern Kurdish: ferz

• → Kyrgyz: парз (parz), парыз (parız)
• → Malay: fardu, perlu
  • Indonesian: fardu, perlu
• → Ottoman Turkish: فرض (farż)

  > Turkish: farz (inherited)

• → Persian: فرض
  • → Bengali: ফরজ (fôrôz)
  • → Punjabi:

    Gurmukhi script: ਫ਼ਰਜ਼ (faraz)

    Shahmukhi script: فَرَض (faraẓ)

• → Serbo-Croatian: farz, fȁrz
• → Swahili: faradhi
• → Tajik: фарз (farz)
• → Tatar: фарыз (farız), farız
• → Turkmen: parz
• → Uyghur: پەرز (perz, “duty”), پەرەز (perez, “conjecture”)
• → Uzbek: farz (“duty”), faraz (“conjecture”)

Malay

Noun

فرض (plural فرض-فرض or فرض۲, informal 1st possessive فرضکو, 2nd possessive فرضمو, 3rd possessive فرضڽ)

1. Jawi spelling of fardu‎.

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic فَرْض (farḍ).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [faɾz]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [fäɹz]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [fäɹz]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [fäɹz]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [fäɹz]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [fæɹz]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [fäɹz]

Readings
Classical reading?	farz
Dari reading?	farz
Iranian reading?	farz
Tajik reading?	farz

Noun

فرض • (farz) (plural فرض‌ها (farz-hâ))

1. hypothesis, supposition
2. presumption, supposition
3. obligation, duty, must
4. (Islam) fard, religious duty

Adjective

Dari	فرض
Iranian Persian
Tajik	фарз

فرض • (farz)

1. essential, obligatory

Derived terms

• فرض کردن (farz kardan)

 

Descendants

• → Bengali: ফরজ (fôrôz)
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਫ਼ਰਜ਼ (faraz)

  Shahmukhi script: فَرَض (faraẓ)

See also

• واجب (vâjeb)

 

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ف ر ض
2 terms

Etymology

From Arabic فَرَضَ (faraḍa).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fa.radˤ/, [ˈfɑ.rˤɑdˤ]

• Audio (al-Lidd):

  (file)

Verb

فرض • (faraḍ) I (present بفرض (bifriḍ))

1. to assume, to stipulate
2. to impose

Conjugation

Conjugation of فرض (faraḍ)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	فرضت (faraḍt)	فرضت (faraḍt)	فرض (faraḍ)		فرضنا (faraḍna)	فرضتو (faraḍtu)	فرضو (faraḍu)
	f		فرضتي (faraḍti)	فرضت (farḍat)
present	m	بفرض (bafriḍ)	بتفرض (btifriḍ)	بفرض (bifriḍ)		منفرض (mnifriḍ)	بتفرضو (btifriḍu)	بفرضو (bifriḍu)
	f		بتفرضي (btifriḍi)	بتفرض (btifriḍ)
subjunctive	m	أفرض (ʔafriḍ)	تفرض (tifriḍ)	يفرض (yifriḍ)		نفرض (nifriḍ)	تفرضو (tifriḍu)	يفرضو (yifriḍu)
	f		تفرضي (tifriḍi)	تفرض (tifriḍ)
imperative	m		افرض (ifriḍ)				افرضو (ifriḍu)
	f		افرضي (ifriḍi)

Urdu

Etymology

First attested in c. 1534^[1] as Middle Hindi فرض (farz), borrowed from Classical Persian فَرْض (farz), from Arabic فَرْض (farḍ).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /fəɾz/
• (Punjabic Urdu) IPA^(key): /fə.ɾəz/
• Rhymes: -əɾz

Adjective

فَرْض • (farz) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling फ़र्ज़)

1. obligatory; compulsory

Noun

فَرْض • (farz) m (formal plural فَرَائِض (farāiz), Hindi spelling फ़र्ज़)

1. duty (ie. responsibility)
2. moral obligation
3. (chiefly Jurisprudence) a compulsory; mandatory act
4. (religion) fard, a religious duty or a divine command
5. (by extension, Islam) the fard prayer
6. right (often moral but not limited to, also legal)
7. (by extension) rightful inheritance (ie. the right of inheritors to inherit the deceased's wealth)
8. supposition

Declension

Declension of فرض
	singular	plural
direct	فَرْض (farz)	فَرْض (farz)
oblique	فَرْض (farz)	فَرْضوں (farzō̃)
vocative	فَرْض (farz)	فَرْضو (farzō)

Derived terms

Derived terms

• فَرْضِ عَین (farz-i 'ain, “strict obligation”)
• فَرْض کَرْنا (farz karnā, “to suppose”)
• فَرْض اَدا کَرْنا (farz adā karnā, “to fulfil an obligation or duty”)
• فَرْض پَڑھنا (“to offer the obligatory prayers”)

References

1. “فرض”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.

Further reading

• “فرض”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “فرض”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
• Platts, John T. (1884) “فرض”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• S. W. Fallon (1879) “فرض”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
• John Shakespear (1834) “فرض”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3^rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC