جو

See also: چو, خو, Appendix:Variations of "gu", and Appendix:Variations of "jo"

Arabic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒaww/
  • (Hijazi) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒaww/
  • (Moroccan) IPA^(key): /ʒaww/

Noun

جَوّ • (jaww) m (dual جَوَّانِ (jawwāni), plural أَجْوَاء (ʔajwāʔ) or جِوَاء (jiwāʔ))

1. air (the apparently open space above the ground)

   Coordinate terms: بَحْر (baḥr), بَرّ (barr)

2. weather
3. atmosphere
4. (figurative) atmosphere (apparent mood)
5. wide valley
6. open pasture-ground
7. interior of a house

   Antonym: بَرّ (barr)

8. hall

Declension

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَوّ jaww	الْجَوّ al-jaww	جَوّ jaww
Nominative	جَوٌّ jawwun	الْجَوُّ al-jawwu	جَوُّ jawwu
Accusative	جَوًّا jawwan	الْجَوَّ al-jawwa	جَوَّ jawwa
Genitive	جَوٍّ jawwin	الْجَوِّ al-jawwi	جَوِّ jawwi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	جَوَّيْن jawwayn	الْجَوَّيْن al-jawwayn	جَوَّيْ jawway
Nominative	جَوَّانِ jawwāni	الْجَوَّانِ al-jawwāni	جَوَّا jawwā
Accusative	جَوَّيْنِ jawwayni	الْجَوَّيْنِ al-jawwayni	جَوَّيْ jawway
Genitive	جَوَّيْنِ jawwayni	الْجَوَّيْنِ al-jawwayni	جَوَّيْ jawway
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَجْوَاء‎; جِوَاء ʔajwāʔ‎; jiwāʔ	الْأَجْوَاء‎; الْجِوَاء al-ʔajwāʔ‎; al-jiwāʔ	أَجْوَاء‎; جِوَاء ʔajwāʔ‎; jiwāʔ
Nominative	أَجْوَاءٌ‎; جِوَاءٌ ʔajwāʔun‎; jiwāʔun	الْأَجْوَاءُ‎; الْجِوَاءُ al-ʔajwāʔu‎; al-jiwāʔu	أَجْوَاءُ‎; جِوَاءُ ʔajwāʔu‎; jiwāʔu
Accusative	أَجْوَاءً‎; جِوَاءً ʔajwāʔan‎; jiwāʔan	الْأَجْوَاءَ‎; الْجِوَاءَ al-ʔajwāʔa‎; al-jiwāʔa	أَجْوَاءَ‎; جِوَاءَ ʔajwāʔa‎; jiwāʔa
Genitive	أَجْوَاءٍ‎; جِوَاءٍ ʔajwāʔin‎; jiwāʔin	الْأَجْوَاءِ‎; الْجِوَاءِ al-ʔajwāʔi‎; al-jiwāʔi	أَجْوَاءِ‎; جِوَاءِ ʔajwāʔi‎; jiwāʔi

Declension of noun جَوّ (jaww)

Derived terms

• جَوِّيّ (jawwiyy)
• جَوَّانِيّ (jawwāniyy)
• جَوّ الْيَمَامَة (jaww al-yamāma, “Al-Yamama (ancient district in Saudi Arabia)”)

References

• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “جو”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

Baluchi

Noun

جو • (joho)

1. barley

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (Šᵍ /⁠jaw⁠/), from Old Persian *yáwaʰ, from Proto-Iranian *yáwah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yáwas.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒaw]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäw]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäw]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäw]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäw]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒow]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäw]

Readings
Classical reading?	jaw
Dari reading?	jaw
Iranian reading?	jow
Tajik reading?	jav

Noun

Dari	جو
Iranian Persian
Tajik	ҷав

جو • (jow)

1. barley
2. grain

Etymology 2

From Middle Persian [script needed] (joi) or Middle Persian [script needed] (yoi), from Old Persian [script needed] (yauviya). Cognate with Northern Kurdish co and Sanskrit यव्या (yavyā).

Alternative forms

• جوی (juy)
• جوغ (juğ) (dialectal, Isfahan, southwestern Fars)
• جوق (juq) (dialectal, Abadan)

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒoː]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒoː]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒoː]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒoː]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒʊː]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒuː]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɵ]

Readings
Classical reading?	jō
Dari reading?	jō
Iranian reading?	ju
Tajik reading?	jü

Noun

Dari	جو, جوی
Iranian Persian
Tajik	ҷӯ, ҷӯй

جو • (ju)

1. stream
2. brook
3. irrigation channel

Etymology 3

From Arabic جَوّ (jaww, “weather, environment”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒaww]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäw(ː)]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäw(ː)]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäw(ː)]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäw(ː)]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒæv(ː)]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒäw(ː)]

Readings
Classical reading?	jaww
Dari reading?	jaww
Iranian reading?	javv
Tajik reading?	javv

Noun

جو • (javv)

1. air
2. sky
3. atmosphere

Etymology 4

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒoː], [d͡ʒuː]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒoː], [d͡ʒuː]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒoː], [d͡ʒuː]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒoː], [d͡ʒuː]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒʊː], [d͡ʒu]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒuː]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɵ], [d͡ʒu]

Readings
Classical reading?	jō, jū
Dari reading?	jō, jū
Iranian reading?	ju
Tajik reading?	jü, ju

Verb

جو • (ju)

1. present stem form of جستن (jostan), suffixed form indicating "seeker"/"seeking"

Derived terms

• جنگجو (jangju)
• دانشجو (dânešju)

Sindhi

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑo]

Preposition

جو • (jo) (Devanagari जो)

1. of; genitive case marker

References

• Parmanand, Mewaram (1910) “جو”, in Sindhi-English Dictionary, Hyderabad, Sindh: The Sind Juvenile Co-operative Society
• Khānu, Balocu (1960–1988) “جو”, in Jāmiʻ Sindhī lughāta (in Sindhi), Hyderabad, Sindh: Sindhī Adabī Borḍ

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ج و و
2 terms

Etymology

From Arabic جَوّ (jaww).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʒaww/, [ʒaw]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Noun

جوّ • (jaww) m (plural أجواء (ʔajwāʔ))

1. air

   Synonym: هوا (hawa)

2. atmosphere
3. weather

   Synonym: طقس (ṭaʔs)

Ternate

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈd͡ʒoː]

Noun

جو (Rumi joo)

1. a shortening of جوو (“joou”)

References

• Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill

Urdu

Etymology

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀚𑁄 (jo), from Sanskrit यः (yáḥ), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hyás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hyás, from Proto-Indo-European *Hyós.^[1]

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒoː/
• Rhymes: -oː
• Hyphenation: جو

Noun

جو • (jo) m or f by sense (Hindi spelling जो)

1. the relative pronoun:
   1. who; whoever
   2. whichever
   3. whatever

Declension

direct	جو (jo)
indirect	جس (jis)
ergative	جس نے (jis-ne)
genitive	جس کا (jis kā)
dative	جسے (jise), جس کو (jis ko)

declension of جو

References

1. Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “yá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 601

Further reading

• “جو”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “جو”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “جو”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
• Platts, John T. (1884) “جو”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• John Shakespear (1834) “جو”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3^rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC
• S. W. Fallon (1879) “جو”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.