шар
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Appendix:Variations of "sar"
Bulgarian
Etymology
From Old Church Slavonic шаръ (šarŭ), probably of Oghur origin, related to the adjective Proto-Turkic *siarïg (“bright, yellow”). Akin to the first element in the name of the Šaraghur tribe.
Pronunciation
Noun
шар • (šar) m
Usage notes
In the standard language, the diminutive form шарка (šarka) is more often used.
Declension
Declension of шар
Derived terms
References
Kalmyk
Etymology
From Proto-Mongolic *sïra, compare Buryat шара (šara).
Pronunciation
Adjective
шар • (şar) (Clear script spelling ᠱᠠᠷᠠ (šara))
Kazakh
Etymology 1
From Proto-Turkic *čar (“whetstone, sickle , to whet”).
Cognate with Bashkir сар (sar), Karakalpak shar, Nogai шар (şar), Kumyk чар (çar, “whetstone, spool”), Kyrgyz чар (car, “whetstone”), Southern Altai чар (čar, “whetstone”), Tatar чар (çar, “whetstone, mill stone”), Shor шар, Tuvan шар (şar, “whetstone”), Yakut сардаҕа (sardağa), Dolgan сардаана (sardaana, “short heavy arrow with a broad head”), etc.
Noun
шар • (şar)
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Russian шар (šar, “ball”).
Noun
шар • (şar)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | шар (şar) | шарлар (şarlar) |
| genitive | шардың (şardyñ) | шарлардың (şarlardyñ) |
| dative | шарға (şarğa) | шарларға (şarlarğa) |
| accusative | шарды (şardy) | шарларды (şarlardy) |
| locative | шарда (şarda) | шарларда (şarlarda) |
| ablative | шардан (şardan) | шарлардан (şarlardan) |
| instrumental | шармен (şarmen) | шарлармен (şarlarmen) |
Macedonian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *šarъ. Doublet of шара (šara, “pattern, design”).
Pronunciation
Noun
Mongolian
Pronunciation
- (Ulaanbaatar) IPA(key): /ʃar/, [ʃar]
Etymology 1
- From Proto-Mongolic *sïra, compare Buryat шара (šara), Dongxiang shira.
- Akin to Proto-Turkic *siarïg (“yellow, white”), compare Turkish sarı (“yellow”), Chuvash шурӑ (šură, “white”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
- Doublet of шарга (šarga, “tawny”).
Adjective
шар • (šar)
Derived terms
- шар айраг (šar ajrag, “beer”)
- шар лууван (šar luuvan, “carrot”)
- шар үс (šar üs, “vellus hair”)
- шар будаа (šar budaa, “millet”)
See also
| цагаан (cagaan) | саарал (saaral) | хар (xar) |
| улаан (ulaan); хүрэн улаан (xüren ulaan) | улбар шар (ulbar šar); бор (bor), хүрэн (xüren) | шар (šar); хул (xul), цайвар шар (cajvar šar) |
| цайвар ногоон (cajvar nogoon) | ногоон (nogoon) | |
| цэнхэр (cenxer); номин ногоон (nomin nogoon) | номин (nomin) | хөх (xöx) |
| нил (nil); индиго (indigo) | улаан ягаан (ulaan jagaan); час улаан (čas ulaan) | ягаан (jagaan) |
Etymology 2
Noun
шар • (šar)
See also
- үхэр (üxer)
Russian
Alternative forms
- шаръ (šar) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
Etymology
Unclear. Perhaps related (although Vasmer found it unconvincing) to Old Church Slavonic шаръ (šarŭ, “color, paint”), Old Church Slavonic шарити (šariti, “to paint”), Old Church Slavonic шаръчи (šarŭči, “painter”), which probably derive from an early Turkic borrowing into Slavic; cf. Proto-Turkic *siarïg (“yellow, white”). In that case, the sense development might have been “color, paint” → “spot” → “round object”.
Pronunciation
Noun
шар • (šar) m inan (genitive ша́ра, nominative plural шары́, genitive plural шаро́в, relational adjective шарово́й, diminutive ша́рик)
- ball, solid sphere
- (mathematics) ball (the set of points lying within a given distance from a given point)
- balloon
Usage notes
- After the numbers 2, 3 and 4, and related higher numbers, the stress in the genitive singular falls on the final syllable: два́дцать два́ шара́ (dvádcatʹ dvá šará, “twenty-two balls/balloons”). In the mathematical sense, however, ша́ра is used even when counting: три ша́ра (tri šára, “three (mathematical) balls”).
Declension
* Used with the numbers 1.5, 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.
† Not in the mathematical sense.
Derived terms
- возду́шный ша́р (vozdúšnyj šár, “balloon”)
- земно́й шар (zemnój šar, “Earth (seen as a globe)”)
- сне́жный ша́р (snéžnyj šár, “snow globe”)
Related terms
- ша́рик (šárik)
- шаровидный (šarovidnyj), шарообразный (šaroobraznyj), ша́риковый (šárikovyj)
- ша́рить (šáritʹ)
Descendants
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “шар”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Pronunciation
Noun
ша̑р m (Latin spelling šȃr)
Tabasaran
Noun
шар • (šar)
Synonyms
- шид (šid)
References
- Talibov, B. B. (1980) Сравнительная фонетика лезгинских языков [Comparative phonetics of Lezghian languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 172
Ukrainian
Yakut
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