пере-

See also: пере, пэре, and Appendix:Variations of "pere"

Russian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *per-.

Pronunciation

• пере-: IPA^(key): [pʲɪrʲɪ]
• пере́-: IPA^(key): [pʲɪˈrʲe] (when stressed in past passive participles)
• пе́ре-: IPA^(key): [ˈpʲerʲɪ] (when stressed in nouns)

• Audio:

  (file)

Prefix

пере- • (pere-)

1. (used with verbs) over, over again (describing an action of moving by overcoming one or more obstacles)

   ‎пере- (pere-) + ‎лете́ть impf (letétʹ, “to fly”) → ‎перелете́ть pf (pereletétʹ, “to fly (by avoiding unpleasant factors such as bad weathers, falling objects, etc.; as one of its meanings)”)

2. (used with verbs) across, trans- (describing an action of moving to a different place)

   ‎пере- (pere-) + ‎-йти́ impf (-jtí, “to go”) → ‎перейти́ pf (perejtí, “to cross”)

3. (used with verbs) too much (describing an action of resulting something excessive)

   ‎пере- (pere-) + ‎стара́ться impf (starátʹsja, “to try hard”) → ‎перестара́ться pf (perestarátʹsja, “to overdo, try too hard”)

4. (used with verbs) extremely (describing an action of doing something much more extreme than an average action)

   ‎пере- (pere-) + ‎крича́ть impf (kričátʹ, “to shout”) → ‎перекрича́ть pf (perekričátʹ, “to shout down (i.e. shouting much louder than someone)”)

5. (used with verbs) re- (describing a repeating action)

   ‎пере- (pere-) + ‎смотре́ть impf (smotrétʹ, “to look, see”) → ‎пересмотре́ть pf (peresmotrétʹ, “to review (i.e. seeing something again); to rewatch”)

6. (used with verbs) describing an alternating or exchanging action

   ‎пере- (pere-) + ‎говори́ть impf (govorítʹ, “to speak, talk”) + ‎-ивать (-ivatʹ, imperfectivizing suffix) + ‎-ся (-sja, reciprocal suffix) → ‎перегова́риваться impf (peregovárivatʹsja, “to exchange remarks or words”)

7. (used with verbs) describing a consequence of a completed action that affects many entities of a group

   ‎пере- (pere-) + ‎стреля́ть impf (streljátʹ, “to shoot”) → ‎перестреля́ть pf (perestreljátʹ, “to shoot (many targets)”)

8. (used with verbs) describing a destructed state of an entity, usually by cutting or tearing with tools or tool-like implements

   ‎пере- (pere-) + ‎ре́зать impf (rézatʹ, “to cut up”) → ‎перере́зать pf (pererézatʹ, “to cut up many times with a sharp tool”) (also implying a meaning related to slaughtering and killing)

   ‎пере- (pere-) + ‎куси́ть impf (kusítʹ, “to bite”) (rare) → ‎перекуси́ть pf (perekusítʹ, “to split something into two by biting”)

9. (used with verbs, colloquial, rare) describing a light action that is not done in full measure

   ‎пере- (pere-) + ‎куси́ть impf (kusítʹ, “to eat”) (archaic) → ‎перекуси́ть pf (perekusítʹ, “to eat something quickly and less”)

Derived terms

Russian terms prefixed with пере-