đây
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
From Proto-Tai *ɗɤjᴬ (“good”).
Cognate with Northern Thai ᨯᩦ (di), Lao ດີ (dī), Lü ᦡᦲ (ḋii), Shan လီ (lǐi), Tai Dam ꪒꪲ, Tai Dón ꪒꪲ, Ahom 𑜓𑜣 (dī), 𑜃𑜣 (nī) or 𑜑𑜣 (hī), Bouyei ndil, Zhuang ndei, Thai ดี (dii).
Compare Sui qdail (“good”), Southern Kam lail (“good”).
đây (低)
đây
đây
đây
đây
The demonstrative pronoun đây ("here, this") denotes a place, person or thing close to the speaker. When denoting a place, đây refers to either a location or a movement to the location.
The destination for đi in the "đi + preposition + destination" construction can be expressed by đây ("here") and is treated as a noun.
Đây can serve as the subject of the sentence containing the predicate noun.
đây
Proximal (*-iː) |
Distal 1 (*-iːʔ) |
Distal 2 (*-əːʔ) |
Distal 3/ Remote (*-ɔːʔ) |
Interrogative (rime was a rounded back vowel) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Place, attributive1 n- |
ni nì này/nầy nây |
nấy | nớ | nọ (nó) |
nào | |
Place, nominal2 đ- |
đây | đấy (ấy) |
— | đó | đâu | |
Manner r- |
ri rày |
— | rứa | — | ru sao3 | |
Extent 14 b- |
bây | bấy | — | — | bao | |
Extent 25 v- |
vầy | vậy | — | — | — | |
1 Originally can only follow a nominal (being used attributively), hence nơi này (“this place; here”), nơi nào (“where”) (no longer completely true in the modern language). 2 Can be used on its own/is itself nominal, hence đây (“here”), đâu (“where”). 3 From earlier *C-raːw (where *C is nonspecific consonant). 4 Placed before the head: bây nhiêu (“this much”), bấy nhiêu (“that much”), bao nhiêu (“how much”). 5 Placed after the head: nhanh vầy (“this fast”), nhanh vậy (“that fast/so fast”). | ||||||
Visibility/evidentiality6 | ||||||
Distal (ngang) |
Remote (huyền) | |||||
Northern-Southern | kia (cơ) |
kìa (cờ) | ||||
Central | tê | tề | ||||
6 Originally, these demonstratives might have been used to assert that something is visible and/or verifiable. They have been bleached quite thoroughly and currently are usually used like other distal demonstratives. The biggest trace of their evidentiality might be in their usage as final particles, often in reduced forms cơ/cờ: [t]ừ đấy về tới Hà Nội, còn những ba cái cầu nữa cơ mà! ("From there to Hanoi, there're still three more bridges to cross!") (Ba ngày luân lạc, 1943). |
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