97th United States Congress
1981–1983 U.S. Congress From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1981–1983 U.S. Congress From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The 97th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 1981, to January 3, 1983, during the final weeks of Jimmy Carter's presidency and the first two years of Ronald Reagan's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1970 United States census.
| 97th United States Congress | |
|---|---|
96th ← → 98th | |
United States Capitol (1980) | |
January 3, 1981 – January 3, 1983 | |
| Members | 100 senators 435 representatives 5 non-voting delegates |
| Senate majority | Republican |
| Senate President | Walter Mondale (D)[a] (until January 20, 1981) George H. W. Bush (R) (from January 20, 1981) |
| House majority | Democratic |
| House Speaker | Tip O'Neill (D) |
| Sessions | |
| 1st: January 5, 1981 – December 16, 1981 2nd: January 25, 1982 – December 23, 1982 | |
While the House of Representatives retained a Democratic majority (albeit reduced from the 96th Congress), the Republicans gained control of the Senate, marking the first time that they had control of either chamber of Congress since the 83rd Congress in 1953.
| Party (shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic (D) |
Independent (I) | Republican (R) | |||
| End of previous congress | 55 | 1 | 44 | 100 | 0 |
| Begin | 46 | 1 | 53 | 100 | 0 |
| End | |||||
| Final voting share | 46.0% | 1.0% | 53.0% | ||
| Beginning of next congress | 46 | 0 | 54 | 100 | 0 |
| House seats by party holding plurality in state | |
|---|---|
80+% Democratic |
80+% Republican |
60+% to 80% Democratic |
60+% to 80% Republican |
50+% to 60% Democratic |
50+% to 60% Republican |
(Striped): even split | |
| Party (shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic (D) |
Republican (R) | Conservative (C) | |||
| End of previous congress | 272 | 158 | 1 | 431 | 4 |
| Begin | 243 | 191 | 1 | 435 | 0 |
| End | 242 | 434 | 1 | ||
| Final voting share | 55.8% | 44.0% | 0.2% | ||
| Beginning of next congress | 269 | 164 | 1 | 434 | 1 |
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This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.
Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress, In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1982; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1984; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1986.
Members of the House of Representatives are listed by their district numbers.
There were 2 resignations.
| State (class) |
Vacated by | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation[e] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Jersey (Class 1) |
Harrison A. Williams (D) |
Incumbent resigned March 11, 1982, before a planned expulsion vote, having been convicted of bribery in the Abscam sting operation. A successor was appointed April 12, 1982, to finish the term. |
Nicholas F. Brady (R) |
April 12, 1982 |
| New Jersey (Class 1) |
Nicholas F. Brady (R) |
Incumbent resigned December 27, 1982, so his elected successor could be appointed for preferential seniority. A successor was appointed December 27, 1982, to finish the term. |
Frank Lautenberg (D) |
December 27, 1982 |
There were 4 deaths, 4 resignations, one declared vacancy, and one party change.
| District | Vacated by | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation[e] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Michigan 4th | David Stockman (R) | Resigned January 27, 1981, after being appointed Director of the Office of Management and Budget | Mark D. Siljander (R) | April 21, 1981 |
| Maryland 5th | Gladys Spellman (D) | Incapacitated since last Congress and seat declared vacant February 24, 1981 | Steny Hoyer (D) | May 19, 1981 |
| Ohio 4th | Tennyson Guyer (R) | Died April 12, 1981 | Mike Oxley (R) | June 25, 1981 |
| Mississippi 4th | Jon Hinson (R) | Resigned April 13, 1981 | Wayne Dowdy (D) | July 7, 1981 |
| Pennsylvania 3rd | Raymond Lederer (D) | Resigned April 29, 1981, before a planned expulsion vote, having been convicted of bribery in the Abscam sting operation | Joseph F. Smith (D) | July 21, 1981 |
| Connecticut 1st | William R. Cotter (D) | Died September 8, 1981 | Barbara B. Kennelly (D) | January 12, 1982 |
| Pennsylvania 25th | Eugene Atkinson (D) | Changed parties October 14, 1981 | Eugene Atkinson (R) | October 14, 1981 |
| California 30th | George E. Danielson (D) | Resigned March 9, 1982, after being appointed associate justice of the California Courts of Appeal | Matthew G. Martínez (D) | July 13, 1982 |
| Ohio 17th | John M. Ashbrook (R) | Died April 24, 1982 | Jean Spencer Ashbrook (R) | June 29, 1982 |
| New York 14th | Fred Richmond (D) | Resigned August 25, 1982 | Vacant until end of Congress | |
| Indiana 1st | Adam Benjamin Jr. (D) | Died September 7, 1982 | Katie Hall (D) | November 2, 1982 |
Lists of committees and their party leaders for members of the House and Senate committees can be found through the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of this article. The directory after the pages of terms of service lists committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and, after that, House/Senate committee assignments. On the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.
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