List of sovereign state leaders in the Philippines

The types of sovereign state leaders in the Philippines have varied throughout the country's history, from heads of ancient chiefdoms, kingdoms and sultanates in the pre-colonial period, to the leaders of Spanish, American, and Japanese colonial governments, until the directly elected president of the modern sovereign state of the Philippines.

Maginoo, Wangs, Rajahs, Lakans, Datus and Sultans of the Philippines
A couple belonging in the maginoo (noble class)
Details
Style	Maginoo Kamahalan Kapunuan
First monarch	Jayadewa (and other various rulers from the archipelago)
Last monarch	Mohammed Mahakuttah Abdullah Kiram (and other various rulers from the archipelago)
Formation	c. 900 (according to LCI)
Residence	Torogan (Maranao, Langgal (Bangsamoro area) Bahay kubo

Archaic (pre-hispanic) Era

Before the nation of the Philippines was formed, the area of what was now the Philippines during the pre-colonial times was sets of divided nations ruled by Kings, Chieftains, Datus, Lakans, Rajahs and Sultans in Southeast Asia. It was when the Spaniards arrived that they named the collections of areas they conquered and unite in Southeast Asia as "Las Islas Filipinas" or The Islands of the Philippines.

Legendary rulers

• Legendary rulers can be found in the oral tradition in Philippine Mythology, which having an uncertain historical/archeological evidence of their reign.

Image	Name	Title held	From	Until
	Gat Pangil	Gat Pangil was a chieftain in the area now known as Laguna Province, He is mentioned in the origin legends of Bay, Laguna,Pangil, Laguna, Pakil, Laguna and Mauban, Quezon, all of which are thought to have once been under his domain.	Uncertain possibly Iron Age.

Archaic rulers

Main articles: Recorded list of Datus in the Philippines and History of the Philippines (900–1521)

Pangasinan (historical polity)

Ruler	From	Until
Kamayin[1]	1406	1408?
Taymey[1]	1408	1409?

Historical rulers of Tondo

Image	Name	Title held	From	Until
	Unnamed	Senapati (Admiral) (Known only in the LCI as the ruler who give the pardon to Lord Namwaran and his wife Dayang Agkatan and their daughter named Bukah for their excessive debts in 900 AD.)	900?	?
	Lakandula	Bunao Lakandula, ruler of Tondo	After 1521	1571
	Agustin de Legazpi	The last ruler of Tondo. He was appointed to the position after the death of Lakandula. The monarchy was dissolved by the Spanish authorities after the discovery of the Tondo conspiracy.	1575	1589

,

Recorded rulers of Namayan

Title	Name	Notes	Documented Period of Rule	Primary Sources
Lakan[2]	Tagkan[2]	Named "Lacantagcan" by Huerta and described as the ruler to whom the "original residents" of Namayan trace their origin[2]	exact years not documented; three generations prior to Calamayin	Huerta
(title not documented by Huerta[2])	Palaba	Noted by Huerta[2] as the "Principal Son" of Lakan Tagkan.	exact years not documented; two generations prior to Calamayin[2]	Huerta
(title not documented by Huerta[2])	Laboy	Noted by Franciscan genealogical records to be the son of Lakan Palaba, and the father of Lakan Kalamayin.[2]	exact years not documented; one generation prior to Calamayin[2]	Huerta
Rajah[3]	Kalamayin	Named only "Calamayin" (without title) by Huerta,[2] referred to by Scott (1984) as Rajah Kalamayin.[3] Described by Scott (1984)[3] as the paramount ruler of Namayan at the time of colonial contact.	immediately prior to and after Spanish colonial contact (ca. 1571–1575)[3]	Huerta
(no title documented by Huerta[2])	Martin*	*Huerta[2] does not mention if Kalamayin's son, baptized "Martin", held a government position during the early Spanish colonial period	early Spanish colonial period	Huerta

Legendary rulers of Namayan
Aside from the records of Huerta, a number of names of rulers are associated with Namayan by folk/oral traditions, as recounted in documents such as the will of Fernando Malang (1589) and documented by academics such as Grace Odal-Devora[4] and writers such as Nick Joaquin.[5]

Title	Name	Notes	Period of Rule	Primary Sources
Gat[attribution needed]	Lontok	In Batangueño Folk Tradition as cited by Odal-Devora,[4] husband of Kalangitan, serving as "rulers of Pasig" together.[4]: 51	Legendary antiquity[4]	Batangueño folk tradition (cited by Odal-Devora, 2000[4])
Dayang[attribution needed] or Sultana[4][note 1]	Kalangitan[4]	Legendary "Lady of the Pasig"[4] in Batangueño Folk Tradition and "Ruler of Sapa" in Kapampangan Folk Tradition (as documented by Odal-Devora[4]). Either the mother in law (Batangueño Tradition) or grandmother (Kapampangan Tradition) of the ruler known as "Prinsipe Balagtas"[4]	Legendary antiquity[4]	Batangueño and Kapampangan folk traditions (cited by Odal-Devora, 2000[4])
"Princess" or "Lady" (term used in oral tradition, as documented by Odal-Devora[4])	Sasaban	In oral Tradition recounted by Nick Joaquin and Leonardo Vivencio, a "lady of Namayan" who went to the Madjapahit court to marry Emperor Soledan, eventually giving birth to Balagtas, who then returned to Namayan/Pasig in 1300.[4]: 51	prior to 1300 (according to oral tradition cited by Joaquin and Vicencio)[4]	Batangueño folk tradition (cited by Odal-Devora, 2000[4]), and oral tradition cited by Joaquin and Vicencio[4])
Prince[4] (term used in oral tradition, as documented by Odal-Devora[4])	Bagtas or Balagtas	In Batangueño Folk Tradition as cited by Odal-Devora,[4] the King of Balayan and Taal who married Panginoan, daughter of Kalangitan and Lontok who were rulers of Pasig.: 51  In Kapampangan[4] Folk Tradition as cited by Odal-Devora,[4] the "grandson of Kalangitan" and a "Prince of Madjapahit" who married the "Princess Panginoan of Pampanga": 47, 51  Either the son in law (Batangueño Tradition) or grandson (Kapampangan Tradition) of Kalangitan[4] In oral tradition recounted by Nick Joaquin and Leonardo Vivencio, the Son of Emperor Soledan of Madjapahit who married Sasaban of Sapa/Namayan. Married Princess Panginoan of Pasig at about the year 1300 in order to consolidate his family line and rule of Namayan[4]: 47, 51	ca. 1300 A.D. according to oral tradition cited by Joaquin and Vicencio[4]	Batangueño and Kapampangan folk traditions cited by Odal-Devora, and oral tradition cited by Joaquin and Vicencio[4])
"Princess" or "Lady" (term used in oral tradition, as documented by Odal-Devora[4])	Panginoan	In Batangueño Folk Tradition as cited by Odal-Devora,[4] the daughter of Kalangitan and Lontok who were rulers of Pasig, who eventually married Balagtas, King of Balayan and Taal.: 51  In Kapampangan[4] Folk Tradition as cited by Odal-Devora,[4] who eventually married Bagtas, the "grandson of Kalangitan.": 47, 51  In oral tradition recounted by Nick Joaquin and Leonardo Vivencio, "Princess Panginoan of Pasig" who was married by Balagtas, the Son of Emperor Soledan of Madjapahit in 1300 AD in an effort consolidate rule of Namayan[4]: 47, 51	ca. 1300 A.D. according to oral tradition cited by Joaquin and Vicencio[4]	Batangueño and Kapampangan folk traditions cited by Odal-Devora, and oral tradition cited by Joaquin and Vicencio[4])

The datus of Madja-as

Commander-In-Chief	Capital	From	Until
Datu Puti	Unknown	?	?
Datu Sumakwel	Malandog	?	?
Datu Bangkaya	Aklan	?	?
Datu Paiburong	Irong-Irong	?	?
Datu Lubay	Malandog	?	?
Datu Padohinog	Malandog	?	?
Datu Dumangsil	Katalan River, Taal	?	?
Datu Dumangsol	Malandog	?	?
Datu Balensuela	Katalan River, Taal	?	?
Datu Dumalogdog	Malandog	?	?

The Datus of Katugasan

The Reigning Datu	Events	From	Until
Kihod	last reigning monarch of the polity of Katugasan[6]	?	1565

The Datus of Dapitan

The Reigning Datu	Events	From	Until
Sumanga	Datu Sumanga raids China to win the hand of Dayang-dayang (Princess) Bugbung Humasanum	?	?
Dailisan	The Kedatuan was destroyed by the Sultanate of Ternate	1563	?
Pagbuaya	The Kedatuan is re-established in Dapitan	?	1564
Manooc	The Kedatuan is incorporated to the Spanish Empire	?	?

Rulers of Maynila

Name	Events	From	Until
Salalila	Rajah Salalila or Rajah Sulayman I By this time, Manila was already under the influence of Brunei.	1500	Eartly 16th century
Matanda	Rajah Matanda or Rajah Ache	1521	1571
Sulayman	Rajah Sulayman III, Rajah of Manila	1571	1575

Legendary rulers of Maynila

Title	Name	Specifics	Dates	Primary source(/s)	Academic notes on primary source(/s)
Rajah	Avirjirkaya	According to Henson (1955),[7] he was a "Majapahit Suzerain" who ruled Maynila[7] before he was defeated in 1258[7] by a Bruneian naval commander named Rajah Ahmad,[7] who then established Manila as a Muslim principality.[7]	before 1258[8]	Genealogy proposed by Mariano A. Henson in 1955[7]	Cited in César Adib Majul's 1973 book "Muslims in the Philippines",[8] published by the UP Asian Center and in turn referenced widely in semitechnical and popular texts. The veracity of "quasi-historical" (meaning not physically original)[9] genealogical documents remains subject to scholarly peer review.[10][11]
Rajah	Ahmad	According to Henson (1955),[7] he established Manila as a Muslim[7] principality in 1258[7] by defeating the Majapahit Suzerain Rajah Avirjirkaya.[7]	c. 1258[8]	Genealogy proposed by Mariano A. Henson in 1955[7]	Cited in César Adib Majul's 1973 book "Muslims in the Philippines",[8] published by the UP Asian Center and in turn referenced widely in semi-technical and popular texts. The veracity of "quasi-historical" (meaning not physically original)[9] genealogical documents remains subject to scholarly peer review.[10][11]

Monarchs of the Butuan Rajahnate

The Royal Title of the Reigning Rajah	Events	From	Until
Rajah Kiling	The embassy of I-shu-han (李竾罕)	fl.989	after 989
Sri Bata Shaja	Mission by Likanhsieh (李于燮)	fl.1011	after 1011
Rajah Siagu	Baptism by the Magellan Expedition	fl. 1521	after 1521

Rajahs of Cebu

The Royal Title of the Reigning Rajah	Events	From	Until
Sri Lumay	Founded the rajahnate, he is a minor prince of the Chola dynasty which occupied Sumatra. He was sent by the Maharajah to establish a base for expeditionary forces but he rebelled and established his own independent rajahnate.	?	?
Rajah Humabon	The Rajah of Cebu at the time Ferdinand Magellan arrived at Cebu and is the first Filipino chieftain to embrace Christianity.	fl. 1521	after 1521
Rajah Tupas	Last Rajah of Cebu, he ceded the Rajahnate to the Spanish Empire when he is defeated by Miguel López de Legazpi's forces in 1565.	?	1565

Sultans of Maguindanao

Sultans	From	Until
Shariff Kabungsuwan	1515	1543
Sultan Maka-alang Saripada	1543	1574
Sultan Bangkaya	1574	1578
Sultan Dimasangcay Adel	1578	1585
Sultan Gugu Sarikula	1585	1597
Sultan Laut Buisan	1597	1619
Sultan Muhammad Dipatuan Kudarat	1619	1671
Sultan Dundung Tidulay	1671	1678
Sultan Barahaman	1678	1699
Sultan Kahar ud-Din Kuda	1699	1702
Sultan Bayan ul-Anwar	1702	1736
Sultan Amir ud-Din (in Tamontaka)	1710	1736
Sultan Muhammad Tahir ud-Din (in Sibugay, Buayan, Malabang)	1736	1748
Sultan Rajah Muda Muhammad Khair ud-Din (paramount chief of Maguindanao by 1748)	1733	1755
Sultan Pahar ud-Din	1755	1780
Sultan Kibad Sahriyal	1780	1805
Sultan Kawasa Anwar ud-Din	1805	1830
Sultan Qudratullah Untung	1830	1854
Sultan Muhammad Makakua	1854	1884
Sultan Wata	1884	1888
No sultan Sultan Anwar ud-Din contested Datu Mamaku (son of Sultan Qudratullah Untung) of Buayan for the throne versus the then sultan Datu Mangigin of Sibugay.	1888	1896
Sultan Taha Colo	1896	1898
Sultan Mastura Kudarat	1908	1933

The Sultans of Sulu (1405–present)

Sultans	Image	From	Until
Sharif ul-Hāshim		1480	1505
Kamal ud-Din		1505	1527
Sultan Amir ul-Umara		1893	1899
Jamal ul-Kiram I		1825	1839, the progeny of the 1752 Kiram Sinsuat, Kiram Misuari and Kiram Sorronga.
Mahakuttah Kiram		1974	1986
Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram		1986

Philippines Era

Main articles: Spanish East Indies and Spanish occupation of the Philippines

The collection of islands conquered by the Spaniards was named Las islas Filipinas; a name given by Ruy López de Villalobos. It's the exact geographical location on which the modern day Republic of the Philippines based its territory.

Rulers during the Spanish colonization

During the Spanish colonization, Remaining monarchs reign until their kingdoms was absorbed to the new colonial nation of the Philippines through Spanish conquest. Many of these territories are absorbed much later.

• Rajah Colambu – King of Limasawa in 1521, brother of Rajah Siagu of Butuan. He befriended Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan and guided him to Cebu on April 7, 1521.
• Rajah Humabon – Rajah of Cebu who became an ally of Ferdinand Magellan and the Spaniards. Rival of Datu Lapu-Lapu. In 1521, he and his wife were baptized as Christians and given Christian names Carlos and Juana after the Spanish royalty, King Carlos and Queen Juana.
• Sultan Kudarat – Sultan of Maguindanao
• Lakandula – Lakan of Tondo
• Datu Lapu-Lapu – King of Mactan Island. He defeated the Spaniards on April 27, 1521.
• Datu Iberein – A datu of Samar at around 1543.
• Datu Sikatuna – King of Bohol in 1565. He made a blood compact with Spanish explorer, Miguel López de Legazpi.
• Datu Pagbuaya – King of Bohol. He governed with his brother Datu Dailisan, a settlement along the shorelines between Mansasa, Tagbilaran and Dauis, which was abandoned years before the Spanish colonization due to Portuguese and Ternatean attacks. He founded Dapitan in the northern shore of Mindanao.
• Datu Dailisan – King of Mansasa, Tagbilaran and Dauis and governed their kingdom along with his brother Datu Pagbuaya. His death during one of the Portuguese raids caused the abandonment of the settlement.
• Datu Manooc – Christian name – Pedro Manuel Manooc, son of Datu Pagbuaya who converted to Christianity, defeated the Higaonon tribe in Iligan, Mindanao. He established one of the first Christian settlements in the country.
• Rajah Siagu – Rajah of Butuan
• Apo Noan – Chieftain of Mandani (present day Mandaue) in 1521
• Rajah Sulayman – The heir apparent of the Kingdom of Luzon, was defeated by Martín de Goiti, a Spanish soldier commissioned by López de Legazpi to Manila.
• Rajah Tupas – Rajah of Cebu, conquered by Miguel López de Legazpi
• Datu Zula – A datu of Mactan, rival of Lapu-lapu
• Datu Kalun – Ruler of the Island of the Basilan and the Yakans in Mindanao, converted his line to Christianity
• Datu Sanday – Ruler of Marawi City
• unnamed Datu – King of Taytay Palawan. Mentioned by Pigafetta, chronicler of Magellan. The king, together with his wife were kidnapped by the remnant troops from Magellan's fleet after fleeing Cebu to secure provisions for their crossing to the Moluccas.
• Datu Cabaylo (Cabailo) – The last king of the Kingdom of Taytay

During Revolts against Spain (1660–1661)

Main article: Philippine revolts against Spain

Free Pampanga

Name	Image	From	Until	Notes
Francisco Maniago		1660	1661	a Filipino revolutionary leader who conspired to overthrow Spanish rule in the northern Philippines and establish an independent Kapampangan nation in Pampanga, with him as "King of Pampanga."

Free Pangasinan

Name	Image	From	Until	Notes
Andres Malong		1660	1661	a Filipino revolutionary leader who conspired to overthrow Spanish rule in the northern Philippines and establish an independent Pangasinense nation in Pangasinan, with him as "King of Pangasinan."

Free Ilocos

Name	Image	From	Until	Notes
Pedro Almazán		1661	1661	a Filipino revolutionary leader who conspired to overthrow Spanish rule in the northern Philippines and establish an independent Ilocano nation in Ilocos, with him as "King of Ilocos."

British Occupation of Manila (1762–1764)

Main articles: British occupation of Manila and Governor-General of the Philippines

Great Britain occupied Manila and the naval port of Cavite as part of the Seven Years' War.

Monarch	Image	From	Until	House
George III		November 2, 1762	May 31, 1764	Hanover

Independent Ilocos (1762–1763)

Main article: Philippine revolts against Spain

Free Ilocos

Name	Image	From	Until	Notes
Diego Silang		1762	1763	a Filipino revolutionary leader who conspired with British forces to overthrow Spanish rule in the northern Philippines and establish an independent Ilocano nation.

Under New Spain (1764–1821)

Main article: Governor-General of the Philippines

Monarch	Image	From	Until	House
Charles III		August 10, 1759	December 14, 1788	Bourbon
Charles IV		December 14, 1788	March 19, 1808
Ferdinand VII		March 19, 1808	May 6, 1808
Joseph I		December 11, 1813	September 29, 1833	Bonaparte

Emperor

Main article: Philippine revolts against Spain

Philippines

Name	Image	From	Until	Notes
Andrés Novales		1823	1823	His discontentment with the treatment of creole soldiers led him to start a revolt in 1823 that inspired even the ranks of José Rizal. He successfully captured Intramuros and was proclaimed Emperor of the Philippines by his followers. However, he was defeated within the day by Spanish reinforcements from Pampanga.[12]

Spanish East Indies (1821–1898)

Main article: Governor-General of the Philippines

After the 1821 Mexican War of Independence, Mexico became independent and was no longer part of the Spanish Empire. The Viceroyalty of New Spain ceased to exist. The Philippines, as a result, was directly governed from Madrid, under the Crown.

Monarch	Image	From	Until	House
Joseph I		December 11, 1813	September 29, 1833	Bonaparte
Ferdinand VII		December 11, 1813	September 29, 1833	Bourbon
Isabella II		September 29, 1833	September 30, 1868
Amadeo I		December 4, 1870	February 11, 1873	Savoy
President	Image	From	Until	Party
Estanislao Figueras		February 12, 1873	June 11, 1873	Federal Democratic Republican Party
Francesc Pi i Margall		June 11, 1873	July 18, 1873
Nicolás Salmerón y Alonso		July 18, 1873	September 7, 1873
Emilio Castelar y Ripoll		September 7, 1873	January 3, 1874
Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre		January 3, 1874	December 30, 1874	Conservative
Monarch	Image	From	Until	House
Alfonso XII		December 30, 1874	November 25, 1885	Bourbon
Alfonso XIII		May 17, 1886	December 10, 1898

Revolutionary Republics and States

The Ruling Leaders during Philippine Revolution

Main articles: Philippine Revolution, First Philippine Republic, and Presidents of the Philippines

Tagalog Republic

Biak-na-Bato – 1897

First Philippine Republic – Continuation 1901–1902

Tagalog Republic – Continuation 1902–1906

Republic of Zamboanga – 1899–1903

Negros Republic – 1898–1901

President	Image	From	Until
Andres Bonifacio		1896	1897
President	Image	From	Until
Emilio Aguinaldo		1897	December 15, 1897
President	Image	From	Until
Emilio Aguinaldo		1897	1901
Miguel Malvar		1901	1902
President	Image	From	Until
Macario Sakay		1902	1906
President	Image	From	Until
Vicente Alvarez		1899	1899
Isidro Midel		1899	1901
Mariano Arquiza		1901	1903
President	Image	From	Until
Aniceto Lacson		1898	1899
Melecio Severino		1899	1901

No.	Name	Portrait	Tenure start	Tenure end	Party
		Andrés Bonifacio (1863–1897)	August 24, 1896	March 22, 1897 or May 10, 1897	None
		Emilio Aguinaldo (1869–1964)	March 22, 1897	April 17, 1898	None
		Francisco Makabulos (1871–1922)	April 17, 1898	May 19, 1898	None
		Emilio Aguinaldo (1869–1964)	May 19, 1898	January 23, 1899	None
		Emilio Aguinaldo (1869–1964)	January 23, 1899	April 19, 1901	None
		Aniceto Lacson	November 5, 1898	July 22, 1899
		Demetrio Larena	November 24, 1898	November 27, 1898
		José de Luzuriaga	July 22, 1899	November 6, 1899
		Eusebio Luzurriaga	November 6, 1899	November 6, 1899
		Simeón Lizares	November 6, 1899	November 6, 1899
		Nicolás Gólez	November 6, 1899	November 6, 1899
		Agustín Amenábar	November 6, 1899	November 6, 1899
		Juan Araneta	November 6, 1899	November 6, 1899
		Antonio Ledesma Jayme	July 24, 1854	October 9, 1937
		Melecio Severino	November 6, 1899	April 30, 1901
		Roque López	December 2, 1898	January 7, 1899
		Vicente Franco	January 7, 1899	January 7, 1899
		Raymundo Melliza	January 7, 1899	July 16, 1899
		Nicolas Jalandoni	July 16, 1899	July 16, 1899
		Jovito Yusay	July 16, 1899	September 23, 1899
		Ramón Avanceña	September 23, 1899	September 23, 1899
		Vicente Álvarez (general)	18 May 1899	16 Nov 1899
		Isidoro Midel	16 Nov 1899	March 22, 1901
		Miguel Malvar (1865–1911)	April 19, 1901	April 16, 1902	None
		Macario Sakay (1870–1907)	May 6, 1902	July 14, 1906	Katipunan (holdout/revival)
		Mariano Arquiza	March 22, 1901	March 22, 1903

American Colonial Period

Main article: History of the Philippines (1898–1946)

After the Spanish–American War ended with the Treaty of Paris, the Philippines (alongside Puerto Rico) were ceded to the United States at a sum of $20 million. The islands then became a US territory until July 4, 1946.

Military Government of the Philippine Islands (1898–1902)

No.	Name	Portrait	Tenure start	Tenure end	Party
1	Wesley Merritt (1836–1910)		August 14, 1898	August 30, 1898
2	Elwell Stephen Otis (1838–1909)		August 30, 1898	May 5, 1900
3	Arthur MacArthur Jr. (1845–1912)		May 5, 1900	July 4, 1901
4	Adna Chaffee (1842–1914)		July 4, 1901	July 4, 1902

Insular Government of the Philippine Islands (1902–1935)

No.	Name	Portrait	Tenure start	Tenure end	Party
1	William Howard Taft (1857–1930)		July 4, 1901	February 1, 1904
2	Luke Edward Wright (1846–1922)		February 1, 1904	November 3, 1905
3	Henry Clay Ide (1844–1921)		November 3, 1905	September 19, 1906
4	James Francis Smith (1859–1928)		September 20, 1906	November 11, 1909
5	William Cameron Forbes (1870–1959)		November 11, 1909	September 1, 1913
–	Newton W. Gilbert (1862–1939) Acting Governor-General		September 1, 1913	October 6, 1913
6	Francis Burton Harrison (1873–1957)		October 6, 1913	March 5, 1921
–	Charles Yeater (1861–1943) Acting Governor-General		March 5, 1921	October 14, 1921
7	Leonard Wood (1860–1927)		October 14, 1921	August 7, 1927
–	Eugene Allen Gilmore (1871–1953) Acting Governor-General		August 7, 1927	December 27, 1927
8	Henry L. Stimson (1867–1950)		December 27, 1927	February 23, 1929
–	Eugene Allen Gilmore (1871–1953) Acting Governor-General		February 23, 1929	July 8, 1929
9	Dwight F. Davis (1879–1945)		July 8, 1929	January 9, 1932
–	George C. Butte (1877–1940) Acting Governor-General		January 9, 1932	February 29, 1932
10	Theodore Roosevelt Jr. (1886–1944)		February 29, 1932	July 15, 1933
11	Frank Murphy (1890–1949)		July 15, 1933	November 14, 1935

Commonwealth of the Philippines (1935–1946)

No.	High Commissioner	Image	From	Until	Party
1	Frank Murphy (1890–1949)		November 14, 1935	December 31, 1936
–	J. Weldon Jones (1896–1982)		December 31, 1936	April 26, 1937
			July 12, 1939	October 28, 1939
2	Paul V. McNutt (1891–1955)		April 26, 1937	July 12, 1939
			September 14, 1945	July 4, 1946
3	Francis Bowes Sayre Sr. (1885–1972)		October 28, 1939	October 12, 1942
4	Harold L. Ickes (1874–1952)		October 12, 1942	September 14, 1945
No.	President	Image	From	Until	Party
1	Manuel L. Quezon (1878–1944)		November 15, 1935	March 17, 1942	Nacionalista
			May 2, 1942	August 1, 1944
-	José Abad Santos (1886–1942)		March 17, 1942	May 2, 1942	Independent
2	Sergio Osmeña (1878–1961)		August 1, 1944	May 28, 1946	Nacionalista
3	Manuel Roxas (1892–1946)		May 28, 1946	April 15, 1948	Liberal

World War II

Japanese occupation of the Philippines

No.	Name	Portrait	Tenure start	Tenure end	Party
1	Masaharu Homma (1887–1946)		January 3, 1942	June 8, 1942
2	Shizuichi Tanaka (1887–1945)		June 8, 1942	May 28, 1943
3	Shigenori Kuroda (1887–1952)		May 28, 1943	September 26, 1944
4	Tomoyuki Yamashita (1885–1946)		September 26, 1944	September 2, 1945

Philippine Executive Commission (1942–1943)

No.	Name	Portrait	Tenure start	Tenure end	Party
1	Jorge B. Vargas (1890–1980)		January 23, 1942	October 14, 1943	KALIBAPI

Second Philippine Republic (1943–1945)

No.	Name	Portrait	Tenure start	Tenure end	Party
1	Jose P. Laurel (1891–1959)		October 14, 1943	August 17, 1945	KALIBAPI

Republic of the Philippines

Third Philippine Republic (1946–1973)

No.	Name	Portrait	Tenure start	Tenure end	Party
1	Manuel Roxas (1892–1946)		May 28, 1946	April 15, 1948	Liberal
2	Elpidio Quirino (1890–1956)		April 17, 1948	December 30, 1953
3	Ramon Magsaysay (1907–1957)		December 30, 1953	March 17, 1957	Nacionalista
4	Carlos P. Garcia (1896–1971)		March 18, 1957	December 30, 1961
5	Diosdado Macapagal (1910–1997)		December 30, 1961	December 30, 1965	Liberal
6	Ferdinand Marcos (1917–1989)		December 30, 1965	February 25, 1986	Nacionalista

Martial law and the Fourth Philippine Republic (1973–1986)

No.	Name	Portrait	Tenure start	Tenure end	Party
1	Ferdinand Marcos (1917–1989)		December 30, 1965	February 25, 1986	Nacionalista, later KBL

Provisional Government (1986–1987)

No.	Name	Portrait	Tenure start	Tenure end	Party
1	Corazon Aquino (1933–2009)		February 25, 1986	July 6, 1986	UNIDO
-	Arturo Tolentino (1910–2004)		July 6, 1986	July 8, 1986	Kilusang

Fifth Philippine Republic (1987–Present)

No.	Name	Portrait	Tenure start	Tenure end	Party
1	Corazon Aquino (1933–2009)		July 6, 1986	June 30, 1992	UNIDO, later independent
2	Fidel V. Ramos (1928–2022)		June 30, 1992	June 30, 1998	Lakas
3	Joseph Estrada (born 1937)		June 30, 1998	January 20, 2001	LAMMP
4	Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (born 1947)		January 20, 2001	June 30, 2010	Lakas, later Lakas–Kampi
5	Benigno S. Aquino III (1960–2021)		June 30, 2010	June 30, 2016	Liberal
6	Rodrigo Duterte (born 1945)		June 30, 2016	June 30, 2022	PDP–Laban
7	Bongbong Marcos (born 1957)		June 30, 2022	Present	Partido Federal ng Pilipinas

See also

• President of the Philippines
• Governor-General of the Philippines
• Filipino styles and honorifics
• Heads of state and government of the Philippines
• First ladies and gentlemen of the Philippines
• List of ancient Philippine consorts
• List of presidents of the Philippines
• List of unofficial presidents of the Philippines
• Vice President of the Philippines
• List of vice presidents of the Philippines
• Prime Minister of the Philippines (now defunct)
• Seal of the president of the Philippines
• List of current heads of state and government

Notes

1. The term "Sultana" is used by Odal-Devora in her essay The River Dwellers (2000, page 47), saying "This Prince Bagtas, a grandson of Sultana Kalangitan, the Lady of Pasig, was also said to have ruled the Kingdom of Namayan or Sapa, in the present Sta Ana-Mandaluyong-San Juan- Makati Area. This would explain the Pasig-Sta Ana-Tondo-Bulacan-Pampanga-Batangas interconnections of the Tagalog ruling elites."

Subnotes