List of current heads of state and government
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This is a list of current heads of state and heads of government. In some cases, mainly in presidential systems, one leader is head of state and head of government. In other cases, mainly in semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of state and the head of government are different people. In semi-presidential and parliamentary systems, the head of government (i.e. executive) role is fulfilled by the listed head of government and the head of state.
In one-party states, the ruling party's leader (e.g. the General Secretary) is usually the de facto top leader of the state, though sometimes this leader also holds the presidency or premiership. In Andorra, Iran, and Vatican City (Holy See), a clergy member also acts as the head of state. In Andorra, this is the Bishop of Urgell, Co-Prince of Andorra; in Iran, this is the Supreme Leader; and in Vatican City, this is the Pope.
The list includes the names of recently elected or appointed heads of state and government who will take office on an appointed date, as presidents-elect and prime ministers–designate, and those leading a government-in-exile if internationally recognised.
Member and observer states of the United Nations
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| Colour key |
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Green cells indicate leaders whose offices constitutionally administer the executive of their respective state/government. |
Blue cells indicate de facto executive leaders whose offices lack de jure constitutional power. |
- Note: Names in small font generally denote acting, interim, transitional, temporary leaders, or representatives. Other notes and exceptions are provided at § Notes.
Other states
Summarize
Perspective
The following states are in free association with a UN member state.
| State | Associated with | Head of state | Head of government |
|---|---|---|---|
 Cook Islands |
 New Zealand |
King – Charles III[XIII] King's Representative – Sir Tom Marsters |
Prime Minister – Mark Brown |
 Niue |
New Zealand |
King – Charles III[XIII] King's Representative – Dame Cindy Kiro[IX] |
Prime Minister – Dalton Tagelagi |
The following states control at least part of their territory and are recognised by at least one UN member state.
| State | Also claimed by | Head of state | Head of government |
|---|---|---|---|
 Abkhazia |
 Georgia |
President – Badra Gunba | Prime Minister – Vladimir Delba |
 Republic of China (Taiwan) |
 People's Republic of China |
President – Lai Ching-te | Premier – Cho Jung-tai |
 Kosovo |
 Serbia |
President – Vjosa Osmani | Prime Minister – Albin Kurti |
 Northern Cyprus |
 Cyprus |
President – Ersin Tatar | Prime Minister – Ünal Üstel |
 Sahrawi Republic |
 Morocco |
General Secretary of the Polisario Front – Brahim Ghali | |
| President – Brahim Ghali | Prime Minister – Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun | ||
 South Ossetia |
Georgia |
President – Alan Gagloyev | Prime Minister – Konstantin Dzhussoyev |
The following states control their territory, but are not recognised by any UN member states.
Other governments
Summarize
Perspective
This alternative government controls part of its territory and is recognised as legitimate by at least one UN member state.
| Government | State | Head of state | Head of government |
|---|---|---|---|
 Supreme Political Council |
Yemen |
Leader of Ansar Allah – Abdul-Malik al-Houthi[17] | |
| Chairman – Mahdi al-Mashat | Prime Minister – Ahmed al-Rahawi[18] | ||
These alternative governments control part of their territory, but are not recognized as legitimate by any UN member states.
| Government | State | Head of state | Head of government |
|---|---|---|---|
 Government of National Stability |
Libya |
Supreme Commander of the Libyan National Army – Khalifa Haftar | |
| Chairman of the Presidential Council – Mohamed al-Menfi[XIV] | Acting Prime Minister – Osama Hammad[19] | ||
 National Unity Government |
Myanmar |
Acting President – Duwa Lashi La | Prime Minister – Mahn Winn Khaing Thann |
 Hamas government in the Gaza Strip |
 Palestine |
Leader of Hamas in the Gaza Strip – Mohammed Sinwar | |
| President – Mahmoud Abbas[XV] | Head of the Government Administrative Committee – Vacant | ||
 Government of Peace and Unity |
Sudan |
Chairman of the Presidential Council – Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo | Prime Minister – Vacant |
These alternative governments do not control their territory but are recognized as legitimate by at least one UN member state.
| Government | State | Head of state | Head of government |
|---|---|---|---|
 Coordination Council |
 Belarus |
President and Head of the Cabinet – Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya | |
| Georgia (opposition)[dubious – discuss] |
Georgia |
President – Salome Zourabichvili[20] | |
Sui generis entities
See also
- List of countries by system of government
- List of current state leaders by date of assumption of office
- List of current monarchs of sovereign states
- List of current vice presidents and designated acting presidents
- List of current interior ministers
- List of current foreign ministers
- List of current finance ministers
- List of current defence ministers
- List of current legislatures
- List of current presidents of legislatures
- List of elected and appointed female heads of state and government
- List of leaders of dependent territories
- List of oldest living state leaders
- List of national governments
- Lists of state leaders
- President of the Republic
- List of heads of state by approval rating
Notes
- The President of France and the French Co-Prince of Andorra are positions held by the same person.
- Charles III is separately and equally monarch of 15 sovereign states known collectively as the Commonwealth realms. In each of these states (with the exception of the United Kingdom, where he resides), he is represented at the national level by a governor-general.
- The high representative is an international civilian overseer of the Dayton Agreement with authority to dismiss elected and non-elected officials and enact legislation.
- In this state, the president is both head of state and head of government; the office of prime minister may exist in these states, but it does not direct executive power—nor does the Kyrgyzstani Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers, the Peruvian President of the Council of Ministers, or the Sierra Leonean Chief Minister.
- The council will exercise certain presidential powers until a new president is elected or until 7 February 2026, whichever comes first. The presidency has been vacant since the assassination of Jovenel Moïse in 2021.[5][6][7][8]
- According to articles 89 to 91 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Supreme Leader of Iran is the head of state, and the President is the head of government. The President is required to gain the Supreme Leader's official approval before being sworn in before Parliament, and the Supreme Leader also has the power to dismiss the elected President at any time.
- The constitution of Japan does not define a formal head of state, but the Emperor by unwritten constitutional convention fulfills the functions and duties of this role.
- The Governor-General of New Zealand and the King's Representative of Niue are positions held by the same person.
- The Transitional Sovereignty Council is the collective head of state of Sudan per the 2019 Draft Constitutional Declaration. While the council was intended to be a unity government incorporating civilian and military elements that used consensus decision making, Chairman Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, who is also Commander-in-Chief of the Sudanese Armed Forces, has monopolized power.[11][12][13]
- The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is collectively head of state and government. As a party to the Council, the President serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
- Leader of the Syrian Transitional Government under the 2025 interim constitutional declaration.
- Charles III is head of state of the Cook Islands and Niue in his capacity as King in Right of New Zealand. He is represented in each of these states by a King's Representative.
- Al-Menfi is also considered head of state by the internationally-recognized Government of National Unity. Hamada is disputing the premiership of Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh, with the backing of the House of Representatives and the Libyan National Army.
- Internationally-recognized president also recognized by Hamas since the Third Hamdallah Government
References
External links
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