List of national capitals

This is a list of national capitals, including capitals of territories and dependencies, non-sovereign states including associated states and entities whose sovereignty is disputed.

The capitals included on this list are those associated with states or territories listed by the international standard ISO 3166-1, or that are included in the list of states with limited recognition.

Sovereign states and observer states within the United Nations are shown in bold text.

List

The column headings may cover the first row when the letter links are used.

• A
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• Z

City/Town	Country/Territory	Continent	Notes
Abidjan (former capital; still hosts some government offices)	Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)	Africa	Abidjan is the largest city in Ivory Coast and is officially designated as the economic capital.
Yamoussoukro (de jure)
Abu Dhabi	United Arab Emirates	Asia
Abuja	Nigeria	Africa	Lagos was the capital from 1914 to 1991.
Accra	Ghana
Adamstown	Pitcairn Islands	Oceania	British Overseas Territory.
Addis Ababa	Ethiopia	Africa
Aden (de facto, temporary)	Yemen	Asia	Yemen is in a state of civil war, and Sanaa has been occupied by Houthi rebels since September 2014. Aden, the former capital of South Yemen, is Yemen's acting capital.
Sanaa (de jure)
Episkopi Cantonment	Akrotiri and Dhekelia		British Overseas Territory.
Algiers	Algeria	Africa
Alofi	Niue	Oceania	Self-governing in free association with New Zealand. Government offices are spread across both Alofi North and Alofi South.
Amman	Jordan	Asia
Amsterdam (official)	Netherlands	Europe	The Hague hosts the monarch, government ministries, judiciary and diplomatic missions. See also Capital of the Netherlands.
The Hague (de facto)
Andorra la Vella	Andorra
Ankara	Turkey	Asia	Ankara became capital of the newly-formed Republic of Turkey in 1923, after the Turkish War of Independence. The capital of Turkey's predecessor, the Ottoman Empire, was Constantinople.
Antananarivo	Madagascar	Africa
Apia	Samoa	Oceania
Ashgabat	Turkmenistan	Asia
Asmara	Eritrea	Africa
Astana	Kazakhstan	Asia	Astana was named Nur-Sultan from 2019 to 2022. Almaty was the capital of Kazakhstan from 1991 to 1997 and its predecessor the Kazakh SSR from 1929 to 1991.
Asunción	Paraguay	South America
Atafu (atoll administration)	Tokelau	Oceania	Most populous city and smallest atoll. New Zealand owns Tokelau.
Nukunonu (atoll administration)			Largest atoll. the population of people living there is 531.
Fakaofo (atoll administration)			Most populous city in this atoll is Fale, Tokelau
Athens	Greece	Europe
Avarua	Cook Islands	Oceania	Self-governing in free association with New Zealand. The capital is sometimes incorrectly stated as Rarotonga, the island on which Avarua is located.
Baghdad	Iraq	Asia
Baku	Azerbaijan	Asia/Europe
Bamako	Mali	Africa
Bandar Seri Begawan	Brunei	Asia
Bangkok	Thailand
Bangui	Central African Republic	Africa
Banjul	Gambia
Basseterre	Saint Kitts and Nevis	North America
Beijing	China	Asia	See also: Historical capitals of China.
Beirut	Lebanon
Belgrade	Serbia	Europe
Belmopan	Belize	North America	Belize City was the capital of Belize's predecessor, British Honduras.
Berlin	Germany	Europe	Bonn was the capital of West Germany and remained the seat of government for reunified Germany until 1999, and is still the primary seat of six ministries. See also Capital of Germany.
Bern (de facto)	Switzerland
Bishkek	Kyrgyzstan	Asia
Bissau	Guinea-Bissau	Africa
Bloemfontein (judicial)	South Africa
Cape Town (legislative)
Pretoria (executive)
Bogotá	Colombia	South America
Brades (de facto)	Montserrat	North America	British Overseas Territory. Plymouth was abandoned after the Soufrière Hills volcano erupted in 1997. Since then, government offices have been moved to Brades, which is in northwestern Montserrat. A new capital, Little Bay, is currently under construction.
Plymouth (de jure)
Brasília	Brazil	South America	Rio de Janeiro was the capital until 1960. See also: Capitals of Brazil.
Bratislava	Slovakia	Europe
Brazzaville	Congo	Africa
Bridgetown	Barbados	North America
Brussels	Belgium	Europe	Brussels also serves as de facto capital of the European Union.[1]
	European Union (de facto)
Bucharest	Romania
Budapest	Hungary		See also: List of historical capitals of Hungary.
Buenos Aires	Argentina	South America
Cairo	Egypt	Africa	A new capital is being built at the New Administrative Capital. It might be named Egypt. See also: List of historical capitals of Egypt.
Canberra	Australia	Oceania	Planned city built to mitigate the rivalry between Melbourne (de facto capital at the time) and Sydney (economic capital and most populous city), both of which were put forward as potential capitals in the Australasia Federation Conventions of the 1890s. Section 125 of the Constitution gives basic details about the location of the capital, size of the encompassing territory and so forth, while the Seat of Government Act 1908 specified its precise location.
Caracas	Venezuela	South America
Castries	Saint Lucia	North America
Charlotte Amalie	United States Virgin Islands		Territory of the United States.
Chișinău	Moldova	Europe
Cockburn Town	Turks and Caicos Islands	North America	British Overseas Territory.
Colombo (executive, judicial)	Sri Lanka	Asia	Until 1982, the capital was Colombo, where many governmental institutions remain; it is still designated as the commercial capital of Sri Lanka. See also: Capital of Sri Lanka.
Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte (official)			Also known as Kotte, the city is a suburb of Colombo.
Conakry	Guinea	Africa
Copenhagen	Denmark	Europe
Cotonou (de facto)	Benin	Africa
Porto-Novo (official)
Dakar	Senegal
Damascus	Syria	Asia
Dhaka	Bangladesh
Dili	East Timor
Djibouti	Djibouti	Africa
Dodoma	Tanzania		Dar es Salaam, the former capital and largest city, still hosts some government ministries, the judiciary, and diplomatic missions.
Doha	Qatar	Asia
Douglas	Isle of Man	Europe	British Crown Dependency.
Dublin	Ireland
Dushanbe	Tajikistan	Asia
Edinburgh of the Seven Seas	Tristan da Cunha		Part of the British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.
Flying Fish Cove	Christmas Island		External territory of Australia.
Freetown	Sierra Leone	Africa
Funafuti	Tuvalu	Oceania
Gaborone	Botswana	Africa
George Town	Cayman Islands	North America	British Overseas Territory.
Georgetown	Ascension Island		Part of the British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.
Georgetown	Guyana	South America
Gibraltar	Gibraltar	Europe	British Overseas Territory and city-state.
Gitega (de jure)	Burundi	Africa	Bujumbura was the capital from 1962 to 2018.
Bujumbura (de facto)
Guatemala City	Guatemala	North America
Gustavia	Saint Barthélemy		Overseas collectivity of France.
Hagåtña	Guam	Oceania	Territory of the United States.
Hamilton	Bermuda	North America	British Overseas Territory.
Hanoi	Vietnam	Asia	See also: List of historical capitals of Vietnam.
Harare	Zimbabwe	Africa
Hargeisa	Somaliland		De facto independent state, deemed by the UN to be de jure part of Somalia.
Havana	Cuba	North America
Helsinki	Finland	Europe
Honiara	Solomon Islands	Oceania	Honiara is a settlement on the island of Guadalcanal.
Islamabad	Pakistan	Asia	Karachi served as the first capital of Pakistan from 1948. A planned capital, Islamabad, was then designated, and in 1958, as an interim measure, the capital was shifted to Rawalpindi, near to the future capital. Islamabad became capital in 1967 when its construction was completed.
Jakarta (de facto)	Indonesia		The capital will be moved to Nusantara on Borneo no later than 16 August 2024. See also: Capital of Indonesia.
Nusantara
Jamestown	Saint Helena		Part of the British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.
Jerusalem	Israel	Asia	The Jerusalem Law states that "Jerusalem, complete and united, is the capital of Israel" and the city serves as the seat of the Israeli government and its institutions. United Nations Security Council Resolution 478 declared the Jerusalem Law "null and void" and called on member states to withdraw their diplomatic missions from Jerusalem. Nearly all countries currently have their embassies in and around Tel Aviv. Defying the UN,[2] the United States recognized Jerusalem as the capital and moved its embassy there in May 2018.[3] Many countries officially adhere to the proposal that Jerusalem should have international status, as called for in the 1947 Partition Plan.[4]
	Palestine
Ramallah (de facto)
Juba	South Sudan	Africa
Kabul	Afghanistan	Asia
Kampala	Uganda	Africa
Kathmandu	Nepal	Asia
Khartoum	Sudan	Africa
Kigali	Rwanda
King Edward Point	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands		British Overseas Territory.
Kingston	Jamaica	North America
Kingston	Norfolk Island	Oceania	External territory of Australia.
Kingstown	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	North America
Kinshasa	Democratic Republic of the Congo	Africa
Kuala Lumpur (de jure, legislative and royal)	Malaysia	Asia
Putrajaya (administrative and judicial)
Kuwait City	Kuwait	Asia
Kyiv	Ukraine	Europe
La Paz (administrative)	Bolivia	South America	La Paz is the highest administrative capital (3,650 m) in the world, higher than Quito.[5]
Sucre (constitutional)
Laayoune (declared)	Western Sahara	Africa	De facto independent state contested by both the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), and Morocco. Laayoune is within Moroccan-controlled territory while Tifariti is within Sahrawi-controlled territory and serves as the temporary capital (previously Bir Lehlou). Some government and military buildings reside in exile in Tindouf, Algeria.[6] See also: Politics of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.
Tifariti (de facto)
Libreville	Gabon
Lilongwe	Malawi
Lima	Peru	South America	Cusco is declared the "historical capital" (Spanish: capital histórica), by Article 49 of the Peruvian Constitution, a merely symbolic statement. Arequipa is deemed the "legal capital" as it is the seat of the Constitutional Court.
Lisbon	Portugal	Europe
Ljubljana	Slovenia
Lobamba (royal and legislative)	Eswatini	Africa
Mbabane (administrative)
Lomé	Togo
London	United Kingdom	Europe	Prior to the Acts of Union in 1707, London was the capital of England only; Edinburgh was the capital of the Kingdom of Scotland. The United Kingdom includes the subdivisions of  England (capital London),  Scotland (capital Edinburgh),  Wales (capital Cardiff),  Northern Ireland (capital Belfast).
London (administration)	British Indian Ocean Territory	Asia	British Overseas Territory. Officially, the British Indian Ocean Territory is administered from London,[7] though some consider the capital to be Diego Garcia.[8]
Diego Garcia (de facto)
Luanda	Angola	Africa
Lusaka	Zambia
Luxembourg	Luxembourg	Europe
Madrid	Spain
Majuro	Marshall Islands	Oceania	Self-governing in free association with the United States. The seat of government is at Delap-Uliga-Djarrit, a settlement on the atoll of Majuro.
Malabo	Equatorial Guinea	Africa	Ciudad de la Paz is currently under construction and will become the new capital when complete.[9]
Malé	Maldives	Asia
Managua	Nicaragua	North America
Manama	Bahrain	Asia
Manila	Philippines
Maputo	Mozambique	Africa
Mariehamn	Åland Islands	Europe	Autonomous region of Finland.
Marigot	Saint Martin	North America	Overseas collectivity of France.
Maseru	Lesotho	Africa
Mata Utu	Wallis and Futuna	Oceania	Overseas collectivity of France.
Mexico City	Mexico	North America
Minsk	Belarus	Europe
Mogadishu	Somalia	Africa
Monaco	Monaco	Europe	City-state. Monaco does not have a capital designated in its constitution; however, the Commune of Monaco, the country's only commune, is coterminous with the nation, making it the de facto capital.[10][11]
Monrovia	Liberia	Africa
Montevideo	Uruguay	South America
Moroni	Comoros	Africa
Moscow	Russia	Europe
Muscat	Oman	Asia
Nairobi	Kenya	Africa
Nassau	Bahamas, The	North America
Naypyidaw	Myanmar	Asia	Yangon was the capital until 2006.[12] See also: List of capitals of Myanmar.
N'Djamena	Chad	Africa
New Delhi	India	Asia	Calcutta was the capital of India until 1911 during the British Raj.
Ngerulmud	Palau	Oceania	Self-governing in free association with the United States. Koror City was the capital until 2006.
Niamey	Niger	Africa
Nicosia	Cyprus	Asia	Nicosia is a divided capital, split between Cyprus, which claims the whole city, and the internationally unrecognized breakaway state of Northern Cyprus.
	Northern Cyprus
Nouakchott	Mauritania	Africa
Nouméa	New Caledonia	Oceania	Overseas territory of France.
Nukuʻalofa	Tonga
Nuuk	Greenland	North America	Self-governing country within the Kingdom of Denmark.
Oranjestad	Aruba	South America	Self-governing country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Oslo	Norway	Europe	See also: List of historical capitals of Norway.
Ottawa	Canada	North America
Ouagadougou	Burkina Faso	Africa
Pago Pago	American Samoa	Oceania	Territory of the United States.
Palikir	Micronesia		Self-governing in free association with the United States. Kolonia is the former capital and Australia, China, Japan and the United States retain embassies there.
Panama City	Panama	North America
Papeete	French Polynesia	Oceania	Overseas collectivity of France.
Paramaribo	Suriname	South America
Paris	France	Europe	See also: List of Capitals of France.
Philipsburg	Sint Maarten	North America	Self-governing country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Phnom Penh	Cambodia	Asia
Podgorica	Montenegro	Europe	Cetinje has been designated the "Old Royal Capital" and is the present seat of the President.
Port Louis	Mauritius	Africa
Port Moresby	Papua New Guinea	Oceania
Port of Spain	Trinidad and Tobago	South America
Port Vila	Vanuatu	Oceania
Port-au-Prince	Haiti	North America
Prague	Czech Republic	Europe	The Supreme Court of the Czech Republic is located in Brno.[13]
Praia	Cape Verde	Africa
Pristina	Kosovo	Europe	De facto independent state claimed entirely by Serbia as part of its Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija. Kosovo has de facto control over most of the territory, with limited control in North Kosovo.
Pyongyang	North Korea	Asia
Quito	Ecuador	South America	Highest official capital (2,850 m).[5]
Rabat	Morocco	Africa
Reykjavík	Iceland	Europe
Riga	Latvia
Riyadh	Saudi Arabia	Asia
Road Town	British Virgin Islands	North America	British Overseas Territory.
Rome	Italy	Europe
Roseau	Dominica	North America
Rothera	British Antarctic Territory	Antarctica	British Overseas Territory
Saipan	Northern Mariana Islands	Oceania	Territory of the United States. The seat of government is at Capitol Hill, a settlement on the island of Saipan.
San José	Costa Rica	North America
San Juan	Puerto Rico		Territory of the United States.
San Marino	San Marino	Europe
San Salvador	El Salvador	North America
Santiago	Chile	South America	The National Congress of Chile is located in Valparaíso.
Santo Domingo	Dominican Republic	North America
São Tomé	São Tomé and Príncipe	Africa
Sarajevo	Bosnia and Herzegovina	Europe
Seoul	South Korea	Asia	On 2 July 2012, some government functions moved to Sejong City, which became the de facto administrative capital.
Singapore	Singapore		City-state.
Skopje	North Macedonia	Europe
Sofia	Bulgaria
South Tarawa	Kiribati	Oceania	South Tarawa is a settlement on the atoll of Tarawa.
St. George's	Grenada	North America
St. Helier	Jersey	Europe	British Crown Dependency.
St. John's	Antigua and Barbuda	North America
St. Peter Port	Guernsey	Europe	British Crown Dependency.
St. Pierre	Saint Pierre and Miquelon	North America	Overseas collectivity of France.
Stanley	Falkland Islands	South America	British Overseas Territory.
Stepanakert	Artsakh	Asia/Europe	A former partially recognized state backed by Armenia and claimed entirely by Azerbaijan after the fall of Soviet Union. Legally reabsorbed by Azerbaijan on 1 January 2024.
Stockholm	Sweden	Europe
Sukhumi	Abkhazia	Asia/Europe	De facto independent state with partial recognition claimed in whole by Georgia as the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia.
Suva	Fiji	Oceania
Taipei	Taiwan	Asia	De facto independent state, officially called the Republic of China, it competition with the People's Republic of China for recognition as the sole Chinese government since 1949. Taiwan controls the island of Taiwan and the associated islands Quemoy, Matsu, the Pratas, and part of the Spratly Islands.[Note 1] Its territory is claimed in whole by the People's Republic of China.[Note 2] The Republic of China participates in a number of international organizations under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly Chinese Taipei.
Tallinn	Estonia	Europe
Tashkent	Uzbekistan	Asia
Tbilisi	Georgia	Asia/Europe	From 2012 to 2018, Kutaisi served as Georgia's legislative capital. Additionally, Mtskheta is sometimes called an "ancient capital" of Georgia.[14][15]
Tegucigalpa	Honduras	North America	Comayagüela is declared in the Honduran Constitution as co-official capital with Tegucigalpa.[16] The cities have since merged into a single urban area.
Comayagüela
Tehran	Iran	Asia
Thimphu	Bhutan
Tirana	Albania	Europe
Tiraspol	Transnistria		De facto independent state, recognized by only non UN members. Claimed in whole by Moldova as the autonomous territorial unit of Administrative-Territorial Units of the Left Bank of the Dniester
Tokyo	Japan	Asia	See also: Capital of Japan.
Tórshavn	Faroe Islands	Europe	Self-governing country within the Kingdom of Denmark.
Tripoli	Libya	Africa
Tskhinvali	South Ossetia	Asia/Europe	De facto independent state with limited recognition. Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Provisional Administration of South Ossetia.
Tunis	Tunisia	Africa
Ulaanbaatar	Mongolia	Asia
Vaduz	Liechtenstein	Europe
Valletta	Malta
The Valley	Anguilla	North America	British Overseas Territory.
Vatican City	Vatican City	Europe	City-state.
Victoria	Seychelles	Africa
Vienna	Austria	Europe
Vientiane	Laos	Asia
Vilnius	Lithuania	Europe
Warsaw	Poland		Former capitals listed in Template:Historical capitals of Poland.
Washington, D.C.	United States	North America	The capital of the United States has moved several times. See also: National capitals of the United States.
Wellington	New Zealand	Oceania	Since 1865. Wellington is New Zealand's third capital. See also: Capital of New Zealand.
West Island	Cocos (Keeling) Islands		External territory of Australia.
Willemstad	Curaçao		Self-governing country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
Windhoek	Namibia	Africa
Yaoundé	Cameroon
Yaren (de facto)	Nauru	Oceania	Nauru has no official capital, nor cities; the government offices are in Yaren district.
Yerevan	Armenia	Asia/Europe
Zagreb	Croatia	Europe

See also

• List of countries with multiple capitals
• List of purpose-built national capitals

Notes

1. Sovereignty over the Spratly Islands is disputed by the PRC, the ROC, Vietnam, the Philippines (part), Malaysia (part), and Brunei (part).
2. In 1949, the Republic of China government led by the Kuomintang (KMT) lost the Chinese Civil War to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and set up a provisional capital in Taipei. The CPC established the People's Republic. As such, the political status of the ROC and the legal status of Taiwan (alongside the territories under ROC jurisdiction) are in dispute. In 1971, the United Nations gave the China seat to the PRC instead of the ROC: most states recognize the PRC to be the sole legitimate representative of all China, and the UN classifies Taiwan as "Taiwan, Province of China". The ROC has de facto relations with most sovereign states. A significant political movement within Taiwan advocates Taiwan independence.