List of Aramean kings

Aramean kings were kings of the ancient Arameans, and rulers of various Aramean states that existed throughout the Levant and Mesopotamia during the 14th and 13th centuries BC, before being absorbed by various other empires such as the Neo-Assyrian Empire, Neo-Babylonian Empire and the Achaemenid Empire.^[1][2]

Not to be confused with Armenian kings.

Kings

King Hazael of Aram-Damascus

Aramean kings are known from various inscriptions, and some are also mentioned in the Hebrew Bible.

Aram-Damascus

Name	Reign	Notes
Hezion	ca. mid-10th century B.C.E.[citation needed]
Tabrimmon	ca. late 10th century B.C.E.[citation needed]
Ben-Hadad I	ca. early 9th century B.C.E.[citation needed]
Hadadezer (Ben-Hadad II)	ca. 865-844 B.C.E.[citation needed]
Hazael	ca. 844-805 B.C.E.[citation needed]
Ben-Hadad III	ca. 805-780 B.C.E.[citation needed]
Hadianu	ca. 780-754 B.C.E.[citation needed]
Rezin	ca. 754–732 B.C.E.[citation needed]

Bit-Agusi

Name	Reign	Notes
Gusi	ca. 870	Dynasty founder
Hadram	ca. 860–830	son of Gusi (Arame)
Attar-šumki I	ca. 830–800 / 805–796[citation needed]	son of Hadram, synonym Bar-Guš[citation needed]
Bar-Hadad	ca. 800	son of Attar-šumki I, reign unclear
Attar-šumki II	1st half 8th century	son of Bar-Hadad
Mati-Ilu	mid 8th century	son of Attar-šumki II

Bit-Gabbari (Sam'al)

King Bar Rakib on his throne, before him stands a scribe Bit Gabbari

A stele of the Aramean king Bar-Rakib

King Panamuwa standing in front of Mesopotamian deities

Name	Reign	Notes
Gabbar	ca 920[citation needed]/ca. 900 – 880	Dynasty founder
Bamah	ca. 880–865	son of Gabbar
Hayya	ca. 865–840[citation needed]	son of Bamah
Ša-il	ca. 840–830	son of Hayya
Kilamuwa	ca. 830–820[citation needed]	brother of Ša-il
Qarli	ca. 820–790	son of Ahabbu?, he unified Sam'al and Y'DY
Panamuwa I	ca. 790–750	son of Qarli, synonym Panammu[citation needed]
Bar-Sur	ca. 750	son of Panamuwa I
Panamuwa II	ca. 743[3]–727	son of Bar-Sur, synonym Panammu[citation needed]
Bar-Rakib	727[3]–713/711[citation needed]	son of Panamuwa II

Kasku

Name	Reign	Notes
Bar-Ga'ya	mid 8th century	Possibly an Assyrian high official

Aram-Zobah

Name	Reign	Notes
Hadadezer	at the time of Saul and David of Israel

Bit Bahiani

Name	Reign	Notes
Bahianu	-	-
Abisalmu	-	-
Kapara	950–875 BC	He built a monumental palace in Neo-Hittite style discovered by Max von Oppenheim in 1911, with a rich decoration of statues and relief orthostats

Hamath

Name	Reign	Notes
T'oi	-	-
Hadoram	-	-
Paratas	-	-
Irhuleni	853 BC	He led a coalition against the Assyrian expansion under Shalmaneser III, alongside Hadadezer of Damascus.[4]
Uratamis	-	-
Zakkur	-	-
Eni-Ilu	-	-
Yaub'di	-	-

Aram-Naharaim

Name	Reign	Notes
Cushan-rishathaim	1250 BC	He was king of Aram-Naharaim, or Northwest Mesopotamia, and the first oppressor of the Israelites after their settlement in Canaan.

Bit-Zamani

Name	Reign	Notes
Ammi-Ba'al	900–879 BC	He was king of Bit-Zamani, or Northwest Mesopotamia known for his rivals against Tukulti-Ninurta II.
Bur-Ramman	879–866	Successor of Ammi-Ba'al
Ilan	879–866 BC	Successor and brother of Bur-Ramman

Bit-Adini

Name	Reign	Notes
Adin(i)	883–876 BC	He was the first king of Bit-Adini[5]
Akhuni Bar-Adin	876–858 BC	Successor and descent of Adin and defeated by Ashurnasirpal II[5]

Palmyrene Empire

Name	Reign	Notes
Odaenathus	260–267	Founder of the Palmyrene monarchy, dropped the King title and started using King of Kings by 263
Hairan I	263–267	Made co-King of Kings by his father.[6]
Maeonius	267–267	No evidence exist for his reign,[7] but he allegedly murdered Odaenathus and his son, Hairan and attempted a usurpation
Vaballathus	267–272	Dropped the "King of Kings" title in 270, replacing it with the Latin rex (king) and declared emperor in 271.[8] Reigned under the regency of his mother, Zenobia.[9]
Zenobia	267–272	Ruled as a regent for her children and did not claim to rule in her own right.[9]
Septimius Antiochus	273–273	Possibly a son of Zenobia.

See also

• Aram (region)
• Bit-Halupe
• Gambulu
• Luhuti
• Maacah
• Osroene
• Paddan Aram
• Syria (region)
• History of Syria
• List of Syrian monarchs

• Asia portal

References

1. Lipiński 2000.
2. Younger 2016.
3. Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin 2011, p. 135.
4. Luis Robert Siddall, The Reign of Adad-nīrārī III: An Historical and Ideological Analysis of An Assyrian King and His Times. BRILL, 2013 ISBN 9004256148 p.37
5. "Kingdoms of Syria – Bit Adini".
6. Maurice Sartre (2005). The Middle East Under Rome. p. 353. ISBN 978-0-674-01683-5.
7. George C. Brauer (1975). The Age of the Soldier Emperors: Imperial Rome, A.D. 244-284. Noyes Press. p. 163.
8. Andrew M. Smith II (2013). Roman Palmyra: Identity, Community, and State Formation. p. 179. ISBN 978-0-19-986110-1.
9. Pat Southern (2008). Empress Zenobia: Palmyra's Rebel Queen. p. 92. ISBN 978-1-4411-4248-1.

Sources

• Gzella, Holger (2015). A Cultural History of Aramaic: From the Beginnings to the Advent of Islam. Leiden-Boston: Brill. ISBN 9789004285101.
• Lipiński, Edward (2000). The Aramaeans: Their Ancient History, Culture, Religion. Leuven: Peeters Publishers. ISBN 9789042908598.
• Sader, Hélène (2014). "History". The Aramaeans in Ancient Syria. Leiden: Brill. pp. 11–36. ISBN 9789004229433.
• Younger, Kenneth Lawson (2016). A Political History of the Arameans: From Their Origins to the End of Their Polities. Atlanta: SBL Press. ISBN 9781628370843.