Invercargill (New Zealand electorate)

Invercargill is an electorate of the New Zealand Parliament that has existed since 1866. Since the 2020 election, the electorate's representative is Penny Simmonds of the National Party.

Invercargill
Single-member general constituency for the New Zealand House of Representatives
Formation	1886
Region	Southland
Character	Urban and rural
Term	3 years
Member for Invercargill
Penny Simmonds since 14 October 2023
Party	National
Previous MP	Sarah Dowie (National)
Party vote distribution

Population centres

The electorate covers Invercargill city and the surrounding rural area, including Stewart Island / Rakiura. In 1996 a boundary redistribution resulted in the abolition of the Awarua electorate and merged with Invercargill following re-drawing of boundaries due to the introduction of mixed-member proportional voting (MMP). Minor but steady population decline in the Southland region has generally resulted in Invercargill expanding northwards. The 2013 redistribution, however, has left Invercargill unchanged.^[1] The 2020 redistribution added a large area around Clifden and Tuatapere.^[2]

History

The electorate was established in 1866 when it separated from the Wallace electorate.^[3]

The first representative was William Wood, who won the 1866 election.^[4] Wood retired at the end of the parliamentary term in 1870. William Henderson Calder succeeded Wood in the 1871 election and he resigned in March 1873.^[5] The resulting 1873 by-election was won by John Cuthbertson, who served until the end of the parliamentary term in 1875.^[6]

Cuthbertson was defeated by George Lumsden in the 1875 election. Lumsden resigned in June 1878,^[7] which caused the 1878 by-election. Henry Feldwick was the successful candidate and he commenced his first of three terms for the electorate.^[8] At the 1879 election, Feldwick was defeated by James Walker Bain, who retired at the end of the parliamentary term in 1881.^[9] At the 1881 election, Feldwick was again the successful candidate,^[8] only to be defeated again at the 1884 election, on that occasion by Joseph Hatch.^[10] At the 1887 election, Feldwick defeated Hatch and commenced his third and final term for the Invercargill electorate, serving until the end of the parliamentary term in 1890.^[8]

James Whyte Kelly defeated Feldwick in the 1890 election. Kelly became a member of the Liberal Party and served for three parliamentary terms,^[8] but broke away from the Liberal Party and became an Independent Liberal in 1895.^[11] For the 1899 election, the Josiah Hanan of the Liberal Party challenged Kelly, with Hanan being successful.^[12] Hanan served the electorate until 1925, when he retired.^[13]

The 1925 election was narrowly won by the former Prime Minister Sir Joseph Ward standing for the Liberal Party, who beat James Hargest of the Reform Party with 4957 votes to 4798; a third contender, Patrick Hickey, stood for the Labour Party.^[14] Until 1919, Ward had for many years represented Awarua.^[15] Ward, a former leader of the Liberal Party, contested the election under the "Liberal" label, despite the fact that the remnants of the Liberal Party were now calling themselves by different names.^[16] In 1928, Ward helped form the United Party^[16] and won the 1928 election.^[15] He died on 8 July 1930,^[16] which caused the 1930 by-election won by his son Vincent Ward, who retired at the end of the parliamentary term in 1931.^[15]

Vincent Ward was succeeded by James Hargest in the 1931 election. At the end of the parliamentary term in 1935, Hargest successfully contested the Awarua electorate.^[15] He was succeeded in the Invercargill electorate by William Denham of the Labour Party, who held the electorate for three terms from 1935^[17] until his defeat in the 1946 election by Ralph Hanan of the National Party.^[13] Hanan was re-elected seven times and died in office on 24 July 1969; the need to hold a by-election before the general election on 29 November was avoided by a special act, the By-election Postponement Act 1969.

The successful candidate in the 1969 general election was John Chewings, who was defeated at the end of the parliamentary term at the 1972 election by Labour's J. B. Munro. At the next election in 1975, Munro was in turn beaten by National's Norman Jones. Jones retired at the end of his fourth term in August 1987 and died shortly thereafter on 19 November.^[18]

Jones was succeeded by National's Rob Munro in the 1987 election. Munro served two parliamentary terms before being beaten by Labour's Mark Peck in the 1993 election. Peck retired after four parliamentary terms in 2005 and was succeeded by National's Eric Roy in the 2005 election. Roy retired after three parliamentary terms and was succeeded in 2014 by Sarah Dowie.^[19]

Members of Parliament

Key

  Independent   Liberal   Liberal–Labour

  United   Labour   National   NZ First

Election	Winner
1866 election		William Wood
1871 election		William Henderson Calder
1873 by-election		John Cuthbertson
1875 election		George Lumsden
1878 by-election		Henry Feldwick
1879 election		James Walker Bain
1881 election		Henry Feldwick (2nd time)
1884 election		Joseph Hatch
1887 election		Henry Feldwick (3rd time)
1890 election		James Whyte Kelly
1893 election
1896 election
1899 election		Josiah Hanan
1902 election
1905 election
1908 election
1911 election
1914 election
1919 election
1922 election
1925 election		Joseph Ward
1928 election
1930 by-election		Vincent Ward
1931 election		James Hargest
1935 election		William Denham
1938 election
1943 election
1946 election		Ralph Hanan
1949 election
1951 election
1954 election
1957 election
1960 election
1963 election
1966 election
1969 election		John Chewings
1972 election		J. B. Munro
1975 election		Norman Jones
1978 election
1981 election
1984 election
1987 election		Rob Munro
1990 election
1993 election		Mark Peck
1996 election
1999 election
2002 election
2005 election		Eric Roy
2008 election
2011 election
2014 election		Sarah Dowie
2017 election
2020 election		Penny Simmonds
2023 election

List MPs

Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the Invercargill electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

Election	Winner
1996 election		Eric Roy
1999 election
2015		Ria Bond[a]
2017 election		Liz Craig
2020 election

Election results

2023 election

2023 general election: Invercargill[20]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Y Penny Simmonds		20,819	55.61	+10.95	16,027	42.48	+12.74
	Labour	Liz Craig		10,945	29.23	–14.87	9,589	25.42	–22.31
	ACT	Ian Scott Donaldson		1,990	5.31	—	3,967	10.51	+0.99
	NZ Loyal	David Kowalewski		1,760	4.70	—	1,099	2.91	—
	Legalise Cannabis	Kevin Patrick O'Connell		1,072	2.86	—	235	0.62	+0.07
	Vision NZ	Judith Terril		307	0.82	—
	NZ First						2,778	7.36	+4.34
	Green						2,332	6.18	+2.74
	Opportunities						482	1.72	+0.65
	Te Pāti Māori						278	0.73	+0.54
	NewZeal						212	0.56	+0.17
	Freedoms NZ						137	0.36	—
	Animal Justice						68	0.18	—
	New Conservatives						54	0.14	–2.00
	DemocracyNZ						48	0.12	—
	Women's Rights						38	0.10	—
	Leighton Baker Party						32	0.08	—
	New Nation						29	0.07	—
Informal votes				540			315
Total valid votes				37,433			37,720
	National hold		Majority	9,874	26.37	+26.93

2020 election

2020 general election: Invercargill[21]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Penny Simmonds		17,929	44.66	−6.39	11,996	29.74	−18.65
	Labour	Liz Craig		17,705	44.10	+8.79	19,252	47.73	+11.91
	Green	Rochelle Francis		1,137	2.83	−1.75	1,386	3.44	+0.2
	New Conservative	Joshua Honiss		757	1.88	—	862	2.14	–1.92
	NZ First	Joshua Gunn		735	1.83	–7.23	1,218	3.02	−5.70
	Advance NZ	Kurt Rohloff		417	1.04	—	406	1.01	—
	ONE	Jackie West		237	0.59	—	158	0.39	—
	Social Credit	Winsome Aroha		206	0.51	—	81	0.20	+0.08
	Independent	Basil Walker		187	0.46	—
	Independent	Zy Haden		102	0.25	—
	ACT						3,846	9.52	+9.27
	Opportunities						433	1.07	–1.04
	Legalise Cannabis						220	0.55	+0.16
	Māori Party						76	0.19	−0.01
	Outdoors						44	0.11	+0.06
	Sustainable NZ						20	0.05	—
	TEA						16	0.04	—
	Heartland						8	0.019	—
	Vision NZ						8	0.019	—
Informal votes				735			308
Total valid votes				35,462			35,990
Turnout				40,338
	National hold		Majority	224	0.56	−15.17

2017 election

2017 general election: Invercargill[22]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Y Sarah Dowie		18,102	51.05	−0.43	17,414	48.39	−0.87
	Labour	Liz Craig		12,523	35.31	+5.81	12,891	35.82	+10.86
	NZ First	Ria Bond		3,214	9.06	+1.64	3,139	8.72	−2.39
	Green	Rochelle Surendran		1,623	4.58	−2.75	1,166	3.24	−4.29
	Opportunities						760	2.11	—
	Legalise Cannabis						141	0.39	−0.26
	Ban 1080						103	0.29	−0.21
	ACT						95	0.26	−0.07
	Conservative						79	0.22	−3.45
	Māori Party						73	0.20	−0.12
	Democrats						43	0.12	−0.16
	United Future						27	0.08	−0.12
	Outdoors						23	0.06	—
	People's Party						21	0.06	—
	Internet						9	0.03	−0.58[b]
	Mana Party						6	0.02	−0.59[c]
Informal votes				445			163
Total valid votes				35,462			35,990
Turnout				36,153
	National hold		Majority	5,579	15.73	−6.25

2014 election

2014 general election: Invercargill[23]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Sarah Dowie		17,526	51.48	−3.10	16,880	49.26	−0.62
	Labour	Lesley Soper		10,044	29.50	−5.29	8,553	24.96	−3.77
	NZ First	Ria Bond[a]		2,526	7.42	+7.42	3,806	11.11	+4.27
	Green	David Kennedy		2,497	7.33	−0.36	2,581	7.53	−0.89
	Conservative	Laura Storr		719	2.11	+2.11	1,256	3.67	+2.68
	Democrats	Stephnie de Ruyter		333	0.98	−0.67	95	0.28	−0.12
	Legalise Cannabis						224	0.65	−0.14
	Internet Mana						210	0.61	+0.42[d]
	Ban 1080						173	0.50	−0.32
	ACT						113	0.33	−0.90
	Māori Party						110	0.32	−0.18
	United Future						68	0.20	−0.62
	Civilian						23	0.07	+0.07
	Independent Coalition						11	0.03	+0.03
	Focus						10	0.03	+0.03
Informal votes				400			153
Total valid votes				34,045			34,266
Turnout				34,292	76.48	+4.60
	National hold		Majority	7,482	21.98	+2.19

2011 election

2011 general election: Invercargill[24]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Y Eric Roy		17,275	54.58	-1.39	16,140	49.88	+2.35
	Labour	Lesley Soper		11,012	34.79	-1.96	9,296	28.73	-8.15
	Green	David Kennedy		2,433	7.69	+2.73	2,723	8.42	+4.16
	Democrats	Stephnie de Ruyter		521	1.65	+1.65	129	0.40	+0.22
	ACT	Ian Carline		276	0.87	-0.33	397	1.23	-1.47
	Libertarianz	Shane Pleasance		133	0.42	+0.04	34	0.11	+0.05
	NZ First						2,213	6.84	+3.44
	Conservative						643	1.99	+1.99
	United Future						264	0.82	-0.09
	Legalise Cannabis						257	0.79	+0.28
	Māori Party						162	0.50	-0.08
	Mana						63	0.19	+0.19
	Alliance						34	0.11	-0.05
Informal votes				863			324
Total valid votes				31,650			32,355
	National hold		Majority	6,263	19.79	0.58

Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 45,014^[25]

2008 election

2008 general election: Invercargill[26]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Y Eric Roy		19,414	55.97	+6.46	16,663	47.54	+8.05
	Labour	Lesley Soper		12,750	36.76	-6.22	12,927	36.88	-8.30
	Green	Craig Carson		1,718	4.95	+2.07	1,492	4.26	+1.18
	ACT	Ian Carline		416	1.20	+0.06	947	2.70	+1.55
	United Future	Maureen Smith		258	0.74	-0.70	319	0.91	-2.31
	Libertarianz	Shane Pleasance		131	0.38	–	21	0.06	+0.03
	NZ First						1,192	3.40	-1.41
	Bill and Ben						413	1.18	–
	Progressive						292	0.83	-0.39
	Māori Party						205	0.58	+0.25
	Legalise Cannabis						179	0.51	+0.21
	Family Party						145	0.41	–
	Kiwi						105	0.30	–
	Democrats						61	0.17	-0.02
	Alliance						54	0.15	+0.08
	Pacific						18	0.05	–
	Workers Party						14	0.04	–
	RONZ						4	0.01	-0.00
	RAM						1	0.00	–
Informal votes				338			143
Total valid votes				34,687			35,052
	National hold		Majority	6,664	19.21	+12.69

2005 election

2005 general election: Invercargill[27]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Eric Roy		15,570	49.51		12,559	39.49
	Labour	Wayne Harpur		13,518	42.98		14,369	45.18
	Green	Craig Carson		906	2.88		980	3.08
	United Future	Ralph Kennard		453	1.4		1,024	3.22
	ACT	Ian Beker		358	1.14		365	1.15
	Progressive	Heka Taefu		231	0.73		388	1.22
	Democrats	Bruce Stirling		187	0.59		63	0.20
	Māori Party	Gina Haremate-Crawford		163	0.52		106	0.33
	Direct Democracy	Craig Guy		65	0.21		11	0.03
	NZ First						1,530	4.81
	Destiny						188	0.59
	Legalise Cannabis						96	0.30
	Christian Heritage						56	0.19
	Alliance						22	0.07
	One NZ						13	0.04
	Family Rights						11	0.03
	Libertarianz						10	0.03
	99 MP						9	0.03
	RONZ						5	0.02
Informal votes				316			111
Total valid votes				31,451			31,805
	National gain from Labour		Majority	2,052	6.52

2002 election

2002 general election: Invercargill
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	Labour	Y Mark Peck		14,548	48.77	-8.31	14,089	46.73	+1.80
	National	Eric Roy		11,756	39.41	+7.71	8,021	26.60	-3.32
	Progressive	Stephnie de Ruyter		1,006	3.37	-1.61[e]	760	2.52
	Green	Craig Carson		963	3.23	+1.04	1,298	4.30	+1.22
	United Future	Vince Smith		806	2.70		1,851	6.14
	ACT	Peter Phiskie		313	1.05		1,073	3.56	+0.23
	Christian Heritage	Mervyn Lemuel Clayton		235	0.79		301	1.00	-1.63
	Alliance	Anna McMartin		202	0.68		241	0.80	-9.11
	NZ First						1,838	6.10	+3.33
	ORNZ						444	1.47
	Legalise Cannabis						219	0.73	-0.45
	One NZ						14	0.05	+0.01
	Mana Māori						2	0.01	-0.02
	NMP						1	0.00	0.00
Informal votes				296			108
Total valid votes				29,829			30,152
	Labour hold		Majority	2,792	9.36	-16.02

1999 election

1999 general election: Invercargill
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	Labour	Y Mark Peck		17,970	57.08	+8.25	14,196	44.93	+11.69
	National	Eric Roy		9,980	31.70	-3.69	9,453	29.92	-4.34
	Alliance	Stephnie de Ruyter		1,567	4.98		3,132	9.91	+0.15
	Green	Craig William Carson		689	2.19		974	3.08
	Christian Heritage	Russell Zwies		536	1.70		832	2.63
	NZ First	Allan Wise		488	1.55		875	2.77	-9.12
	ACT	Matt McInnes		251	0.80		1,051	3.33	+0.41
	Legalise Cannabis						372	1.18	-0.47
	Christian Democrats						245	0.78
	South Island						157	0.50
	Libertarianz						92	0.29	+0.26
	United NZ						86	0.27	-0.21
	Animals First						44	0.14	-0.01
	McGillicuddy Serious						44	0.14	-0.19
	Natural Law						13	0.04	-0.12
	One NZ						13	0.04
	Mana Māori						8	0.03	+0.02
	The People's Choice						5	0.02
	Mauri Pacific						2	0.01
	Freedom Movement						1	0.00
	NMP						0	0.00
	Republican						0	0.00
Informal votes				431			317
Total valid votes				31,481			31,595
	Labour hold		Majority	7,991	25.38	+11.94

1996 election

1996 general election: Invercargill[28][29][30]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	Labour	Y Mark Peck		15,383	48.83		10,502	33.24
	National	N Eric Roy		11,148	35.39		10,825	34.26
	NZ First	Owen Horton		2,302	7.31		3,757	11.89
	Alliance	Bruce Stirling		1,536	4.88		3,083	9.76
	ACT	Louis Crimp		441	1.40		921	2.92
	Independent	Philip Jones		294	0.93
	McGillicuddy Serious	Anthony Hobbs		200	0.63		105	0.33
	United NZ	Stuart Jordan		111	0.35		153	0.48
	Natural Law	Jacque Hughes		87	0.28		49	0.16
	Christian Coalition						1,495	4.73
	Legalise Cannabis						521	1.65
	Progressive Green						60	0.19
	Animals First						47	0.15
	Green Society						26	0.08
	Conservatives						14	0.04
	Superannuitants & Youth						11	0.03
	Libertarianz						8	0.03
	Advance New Zealand						6	0.02
	Mana Māori						4	0.01
	Te Tawharau						4	0.01
	Asia Pacific United						2	0.01
	Ethnic Minority Party						1	0.00
Informal votes				207			115
Total valid votes				31,502			31,594
	Labour hold		Majority	4,235	13.44

1993 election

1993 general election: Invercargill^[31]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Mark Peck	8,477	43.66
	National	Rob Munro	7,303	37.61	−9.05
	Alliance	Cecily Treweek	2,250	11.58	+8.72
	Independent	Philip Jones	702	3.61
	NZ First	K Kawe	393	2.02
	Christian Heritage	H Macann	242	1.24
	Natural Law	Rhonda-Lisa Comins	48	0.24
Majority			1,174	6.04
Turnout			19,415	84.29	+0.02
Registered electors			23,033

1990 election

1990 general election: Invercargill^[32]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Rob Munro	10,727	46.66	−2.06
	Labour	Barry Rait	6,590	28.66
	NewLabour	J Moore	746	3.24
	Democrats	Cecily Treweek	659	2.86	−5.82
	Social Credit	H M Thompson	334	1.45
	Legalise Marijuana	K Dreaver	319	1.38
Majority			4,137	17.99	+15.34
Turnout			19,375	84.27	−6.17
Registered electors			22,989

1987 election

1987 general election: Invercargill^[33]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Rob Munro	10,115	48.72
	Labour	Dougal Soper	9,563	46.06	+5.29
	Democrats	Cecily Treweek	1,803	8.68
Majority			552	2.65
Turnout			20,761	90.44	−3.36
Registered electors			22,955

1984 election

1984 general election: Invercargill^[33]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Norman Jones	9,805	46.89	+1.26
	Labour	Dougal Soper	8,526	40.77	+2.91
	NZ Party	Maurice Coughlan	1,721	8.23
	Social Credit	Joe Radich	801	3.83	−12.67
	Independent	G J Gilbert	56	0.26
Majority			1,279	6.11	+1.65
Turnout			20,909	93.80	+2.58
Registered electors			22,291

1981 election

1981 general election: Invercargill^[33]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Norman Jones	9,350	45.63	−2.33
	Labour	Dougal Soper	7,758	37.86
	Social Credit	Joe Radich	3,382	16.50	+2.71
Majority			1,592	7.76	+6.49
Turnout			20,490	91.22	+16.45
Registered electors			22,460

1978 election

1978 general election: Invercargill^[33]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Norman Jones	8,666	43.30	−9.28
	Labour	Aubrey Begg	8,410	42.02
	Social Credit	Joe Radich	2,760	13.79
	Values	R J Thomson	175	0.87
Majority			256	1.27	−12.44
Turnout			20,011	74.77	−11.06
Registered electors			26,762

1975 election

1975 general election: Invercargill^[33]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Norman Jones	9,713	52.58
	Labour	J. B. Munro	7,180	38.87	−9.81
	Social Credit	N G Green	1,045	5.65
	Values	Malcolm Blair	533	2.88
Majority			2,533	13.71
Turnout			18,471	85.83	−6.33
Registered electors			21,518

1972 election

1972 general election: Invercargill^[33]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	J. B. Munro	8,125	48.68
	National	John Chewings	7,360	44.09	−3.74
	Social Credit	M L Patterson	855	5.12
	Independent Labour	W F Manson	251	1.50
	Liberal Reform	H W I Le Page	60	0.35
	New Democratic	J Murphy	39	0.23
Majority			765	4.58
Turnout			16,690	92.16	+3.77
Registered electors			18,108

1969 election

1969 general election: Invercargill^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	John Chewings	7,699	47.83
	Labour	Trevor Young	6,668	41.42
	Social Credit	D L Steele	1,728	10.73	+6.15
Majority			1,031	6.40
Turnout			16,095	88.39	+2.78
Registered electors			18,209

1966 election

1966 general election: Invercargill^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Ralph Hanan	7,626	49.30	−0.87
	Labour	Noel Valentine	5,230	33.81
	Social Credit	D L Steele	2,611	16.88	+11.69
Majority			2,396	15.49	+3.18
Turnout			15,467	85.61	−4.40
Registered electors			18,066

1963 election

1963 general election: Invercargill^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Ralph Hanan	7,879	50.17	−4.18
	Labour	Oliver James Henderson	5,945	37.85	−3.62
	Liberal	Ronald MacGregor Hutton-Potts	1,064	6.77
	Social Credit	D L Steele	815	5.19	+1.02
Majority			1,934	12.31	+0.56
Turnout			15,703	90.01	+0.74
Registered electors			17,445

1960 election

1960 general election: Invercargill^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Ralph Hanan	8,128	54.35	+4.34
	Labour	Oliver James Henderson	6,202	41.47
	Social Credit	D L Steele	624	4.17
Majority			1,926	12.87	+8.39
Turnout			14,954	89.27	−3.75
Registered electors			16,751

1957 election

1957 general election: Invercargill^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Ralph Hanan	7,577	50.01	+6.25
	Labour	Thomas Francis Doyle	6,898	45.53
	Social Credit	Leslie G. Russell	673	4.44	−14.87
Majority			679	4.48	−2.37
Turnout			15,148	93.02	+2.65
Registered electors			16,284

1954 election

1954 general election: Invercargill^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Ralph Hanan	6,020	43.76	−13.66
	Labour	William Denham	5,077	36.91
	Social Credit	Leslie G. Russell	2,657	19.31
Majority			943	6.85	−8.00
Turnout			13,754	90.37	+0.69
Registered electors			15,218

1951 election

1951 General election: Invercargill^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Ralph Hanan	8,208	57.42	+3.47
	Labour	F G Spurdle	6,085	42.57
Majority			2,123	14.85	+6.94
Turnout			14,293	89.68	−5.27
Registered electors			15,937

1949 election

1949 general election: Invercargill^[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Ralph Hanan	7,897	53.95	+3.18
	Labour	William Denham	6,738	46.04	−3.18
Majority			1,159	7.91	+6.36
Turnout			14,635	94.95	+0.86
Registered electors			15,412

1946 election

1946 general election: Invercargill^[36]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Ralph Hanan	7,315	50.77
	Labour	William Denham	7,091	49.22	−2.12
Majority			224	1.55
Turnout			14,406	94.09	−3.34
Registered electors			15,310

1943 election

1943 general election: Invercargill^[37]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	William Denham	7,442	51.34	−5.42
	National	William Bell	6,435	44.40
	Democratic Labour	L. Assheton Harbord	523	3.60
Informal votes			113	0.77	+0.40
Majority			1,007	6.94	−8.17
Turnout			14,493	97.43	+1.47
Registered electors			14,874

1938 election

1938 general election: Invercargill^[38]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	William Denham	8,094	56.76	+26.21
	National	Fred Hall-Jones	5,938	41.64
	Independent	George Edward Thompson Dorman	174	1.22
Informal votes			54	0.37	−0.29
Majority			2,156	15.11	+12.54
Turnout			14,260	95.96	+1.28
Registered electors			14,860

1935 election

1935 general election: Invercargill^[39]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	William Denham	4,241	31.55	+4.98
	Democrat	Gordon Reed	3,895	28.98
	Reform	John Miller	2,708	20.15
	Independent Liberal	William McChesney	2,595	19.30	−15.30
Informal votes			90	0.66	0.35
Majority			346	2.57
Turnout			13,439	94.68	+7.16
Registered electors			14,194

1931 election

1931 general election: Invercargill^[40]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	James Hargest	4,652	38.84	−8.25
	United	William McChesney	4,144	34.60
	Labour	William Denham	3,182	26.57
Majority			508	4.24	−1.58
Informal votes			37	0.31	+0.05
Turnout			12,015	87.52	+8.02
Registered electors			13,729

1930 by-election

1930 Invercargill by-election^[41]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	United	Vincent Ward	5,194	52.91
	Reform	James Hargest	4,623	47.09
Majority			571	5.82
Informal votes			25	0.25	−0.51
Turnout			9,842	79.50	−13.62
Registered electors			12,380

1928 election

1928 general election: Invercargill^[42][43]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	United	Joseph Ward	7,309	63.89	+16.98
	Reform	Morell Macalister	4,131	36.11
Majority			3,178	27.78	+26.27
Informal votes			88	0.76	+0.25
Turnout			11,528	93.12	−0.61
Registered electors			12,380

1925 election

1925 general election: Invercargill^[14][44][45]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Joseph Ward	4,957	46.91
	Reform	James Hargest	4,798	45.41
	Labour	Pat Hickey	811	7.68
Majority			159	1.50	−9.22
Informal votes			55	0.52	−0.34
Turnout			10,621	93.73	+3.44
Registered electors			11,332

1899 election

1899 general election: Invercargill^[46]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Josiah Hanan	2,451	52.82
	Liberal–Labour	James Whyte Kelly	2,189	47.18	−2.07
Majority			262	5.65	−7.08
Turnout			4,640	79.94	+1.02
Registered electors			5,804

1896 election

1896 general election: Invercargill^[47]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal–Labour	James Whyte Kelly	2,237	49.25	−17.98
	Liberal	John Sinclair	1,659	36.53
	Conservative	William Benjamin Scandrett	646	14.22
Majority			578	12.73	−21.74
Turnout			4,542	78.92	+0.71
Registered electors			5,755

1893 election

1893 general election: Invercargill^[48][49]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal–Labour	James Whyte Kelly	2,423	67.23	+25.48
	Independent	Joseph Hatch	1,181	32.77
Majority			1,242	34.46	+26.61
Turnout			3,604	78.21	+4.48
Registered electors			4,608

1890 election

1890 general election: Invercargill^[50]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal–Labour	James Whyte Kelly	633	41.75
	Conservative	James Walker Bain	517	34.10
	Liberal	Henry Feldwick	366	24.15
Majority			116	7.65
Turnout			1,516	73.73
Registered electors			2,056

1878 by-election

1878 Invercargill by-election^[51]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	Henry Feldwick	230	51.22	+51.22
	Independent	James Walker Bain	219	48.78	+48.78
Majority			11	2.45
Turnout			449

1875 election

1875 general election: Invercargill^[52]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	George Lumsden	180	53.10	+53.10
	Independent	John Cuthbertson	159	46.90	−5.58
Majority			21	6.19
Turnout			339

1873 by-election

1873 Invercargill by-election^[53]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	John Cuthbertson	159	52.48
	Independent	William Wood	144	47.52
Majority			15	4.95
Turnout			303

1871 election

1871 general election: Invercargill^[54]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	William Henderson Calder	142	61.21	+61.21
	Independent	George Lumsden	90	38.79	+38.79
Majority			52	22.41
Turnout			232

1866 election

1866 general election: Invercargill^[55]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	William Wood	75	50.67
	Independent	Theophilus Heale	73	49.32
Majority			2	1.35
Turnout			148

Table footnotes

1. Bond entered parliament as a list MP on 28 April 2015 after Winston Peters won the 2015 Northland by-election.
2. 2017 Internet Party swing is relative to the votes for Internet-Mana in 2014; it shared a party list with Mana Party in the 2014 election
3. 2017 Mana Party swing is relative to the votes for Internet-Mana in 2014; it shared a party list with the Internet Party in the 2014 election
4. 2014 Internet Mana swing is relative to the votes for Mana in 2011; it shared a party list with Internet in the 2014 election.
5. Percentage change calculated as a candidate for the Alliance Party in the 1999 election

Notes

1. Report of the Representation Commission 2014 (PDF). Representation Commission. 4 April 2014. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-477-10414-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
2. "Report of the Representation Commission 2020" (PDF). 17 April 2020.
3. Scholefield 1950, p. 159.
4. Scholefield 1950, p. 149.
5. Scholefield 1950, p. 99.
6. Scholefield 1950, p. 102.
7. Scholefield 1950, p. 120.
8. Scholefield 1950, p. 105.
9. Scholefield 1950, p. 94.
10. Scholefield 1950, p. 112.
11. "The New Parliament". Otago Witness. No. 2232. 10 December 1896. p. 20. Retrieved 7 January 2014.
12. "The Invercargill Seat". Colonist. Vol. XLIII, no. 9659. 12 December 1899. p. 3. Retrieved 24 November 2011.
13. Scholefield 1950, p. 111.
14. The General Election, 1925. Government Printer. 1926. p. 5. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
15. Scholefield 1950, p. 146.
16. Bassett, Michael. "Ward, Joseph George 1856–1930". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
17. Scholefield 1950, p. 103.
18. "Obituary—N. P. H. Jones". VDIG group. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
19. Berwick, Louise; Mcdougall, Nicci; Mcleod, Hannah (20 September 2014). "Soper won't stand again as Dowie wins city vote". The Southland Times. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
20. "Invercargill - Official Result". Electoral Commission. n.d. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
21. "Invercargill - Official Result". Electoral Commission. n.d. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
22. "Official Count Results -- Invercargill (2017)". Electoral Commission. 7 October 2017. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
23. "Official Count Results – Invercargill (2014)". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
24. Invercargill results, 2011
25. "Enrolment statistics". Electoral Commission. 26 November 2011. Archived from the original on 10 November 2011. Retrieved 26 November 2011.
26. 2008 election results Archived 11 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine
27. "Official Count Results -- Invercargill". Electoral Commission. 1 October 2005. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
28. "Electorate Candidate and Party Votes Recorded at Each Polling Place – Invercargill, 1996" (PDF). Retrieved 13 July 2013.
29. "Part III – Party Lists of Successful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
30. "Part III – Party Lists of unsuccessful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
31. Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1993. p. 46.
32. Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1990.
33. Norton 1988, p. 254.
34. Norton 1988, p. 253.
35. "The General Election, 1949". National Library. 1950. pp. 1–5, 8. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
36. "The General Election, 1946". National Library. 1947. pp. 1–11, 14. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
37. "The General Election, 1943". National Library. 1944. p. 11. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
38. "The General Election, 1938". National Library. 1939. pp. 1–6. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
39. The General Election, 1935. Government Printer. 1936. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
40. The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 3. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
41. "Invercargill Seat". The Evening Post. Vol. CX, no. 44. 20 August 1930. p. 10. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
42. "General Election". The Evening Post. Vol. CVI, no. 121. 27 November 1928. p. 14. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
43. The General Election, 1928. Government Printer. 1929. p. 3. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
44. "Missing Votes in Lyttelton Election". Auckland Star. Vol. LVI, no. LVI. 13 November 1925. p. 8. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
45. "Amended Results". The Evening Post. Vol. CX, no. 117. 13 November 1925. p. 6. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
46. "The General Election, 1899". Wellington: Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives. 19 June 1900. p. 3. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
47. "Otago". Auckland Star. Vol. XXVII, no. 305. 23 December 1896. p. 6. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
48. "The General Election, 1893". National Library. 1894. p. 3. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
49. "The General Election". Otago Daily Times. 28 November 1893. p. 6. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
50. "The General Election, 1890". National Library. 1891. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
51. "Invercargill Election". Grey River Argus. Vol. 21, no. 3097. 19 July 1878. p. 2. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
52. "Invercargill 25th December". The Evening Post. Vol. XII, no. 152. 28 December 1875. p. 2. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
53. "The Invercargill Election". The Southland Times. No. 1744. 23 May 1873. p. 2. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
54. "Invercargill Election". Daily Southern Cross. Vol. XXVII, no. 4199. 28 January 1871. p. 2. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
55. "Invercargill Election". The Southland Times. 12 March 1866.

References

• Norton, Clifford (1988). New Zealand Parliamentary Election Results 1946-1987: Occasional Publications No 1, Department of Political Science. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington. ISBN 0-475-11200-8.
• Scholefield, Guy (1950) [1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 (3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer.