Genus of spiders From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cyclosa, also called trashline orbweavers,[2] is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first described by Anton Menge in 1866.[3] Widely distributed worldwide, spiders of the genus Cyclosa build relatively small orb webs with a web decoration. The web decoration in Cyclosa spiders is often linear and includes prey remains and other debris, which probably serve to camouflage the spider. The name "Cyclosa" comes from Greek 'to move in a circle', referring to how it spins its web.[2]
Quick Facts Scientific classification, Type species ...
While most orb-web spiders face downwards in their web when waiting for prey, some Cyclosa species (e.g. C. ginnaga and C. argenteoalba) face upwards.[4]
Cyclosa argenteoalba
Cyclosa argenteoalba builds two types of web, a traditional sticky spider web, and a resting web that consists of just a few strands. When infected with a larva of the wasp Reclinervellus nielseni, the spider switches on the behavior to build a resting web.[5] The larva then eats the spider and uses the web to complete metamorphosis.[6]
Cyclosa mulmeinensis
C. mulmeinensis, found on Orchid Island off the southeast coast of Taiwan, makes web decorations similar in size and appearance to itself that act as decoys to distract predatory wasps.[7]
Cyclosa tremula
One small species from Guyana described under the nomen dubiumC. tremula has a black and white pattern and rests in the center of an orb web with greyish "imitation spiders" it has created from prey remains. If the spider is disturbed, it vibrates its body, so that the black and white patches blur into grey, thus resembling false spiders.[8]
Cyclosa turbinata
C. turbinata are known for creating orb-shaped webs, which are webs that utilize both sticky and non-sticky threads, mostly during times of complete darkness. Cyclosa turbinata is unique in that across its spiral wheel-shaped web, it also creates the so-called "trashline" web, which is a line of various components such as prey carcasses, detritus, and, at times, egg cases. This trashline appears to hinder predators from visually locating the spider within its web.[citation needed]
Cyclosa sp. in north Queensland, Australia
As of April2019[update] it contains 180 species:[1]
C. alayoni Levi, 1999 – Cuba, Puerto Rico
C. alba Tanikawa, 1992 – Japan
C. albisternis Simon, 1888 – India (mainland, Andaman Is.). Introduced to Hawaii
C. albopunctata Kulczyński, 1901 – Africa, New Guinea, New Caledonia
C. algerica Simon, 1885 – Mediterranean
C. anatipes (Keyserling, 1887) – Australia (Queensland), Palau
C. andinas Levi, 1999 – Colombia, Ecuador
C. angusta Tanikawa, 1992 – Japan
C. apoblepta (Rainbow, 1916) – Australia (Queensland)
C. argentaria (Rainbow, 1916) – Australia (Queensland)
C. argentata Tanikawa & Ono, 1993 – Taiwan
C. argenteoalba Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 – China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Russia (Far East)?
C. atrata Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 – China, Korea, Japan, Russia (Far East)?
C. baakea Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
C. bacilliformis Simon, 1908 – Australia (Western Australia)
C. banawensis Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
C. berlandi Levi, 1999 – USA, Hispaniola to Ecuador
C. bianchoria Yin, Wang, Xie & Peng, 1990 – China
C. bifida (Doleschall, 1859) – India to Philippines, New Guinea
C. bifurcata (Walckenaer, 1841) – Costa Rica, Hispaniola to Argentina
C. bihamata Zhang, Zhang & Zhu, 2010 – China
C. bilobata Sen, Saha & Raychaudhuri, 2012 – India
C. bituberculata Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 1998 – Bangladesh
C. bulla Tanikawa & Petcharad, 2018 – Thailand, Singapore, Brunei
C. bulleri (Thorell, 1881) – New Guinea
C. cajamarca Levi, 1999 – Peru
C. caligata (Thorell, 1890) – Indonesia (Sumatra)
C. camargoi Levi, 1999 – Brazil
C. camelodes (Thorell, 1878) – Seychelles, New Guinea
C. caroli (Hentz, 1850) – USA, Caribbean to Bolivia
C. centrifaciens Hingston, 1927 – Myanmar
C. centrodes (Thorell, 1887) – India to Singapore
C. cephalodina Song & Liu, 1996 – China
C. chichawatniensis Mukhtar & Mushtaq, 2005 – Pakistan
C. circumlucens Simon, 1907 – Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Príncipe
C. concolor Caporiacco, 1933 – Libya
C. confraga (Thorell, 1892) – India, Bangladesh to Malaysia
C. confusa Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 – China, Korea, Taiwan, Japan
C. conica (Pallas, 1772) – North America, Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Iran, Central Asia, China
C. conigera F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904 – Mexico to Honduras
Menge, A. (1866). "Preussische Spinnen. Erste Abtheilung. Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig". Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig.
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