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Language family of South America From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Arawan (also Arahuan, Arauan, Arawán, Arawa, Arauán) is a family of languages spoken in western Brazil (Amazonas, Acre) and Peru (Ucayali).
| Arawán | |
|---|---|
| Arauán | |
| Geographic distribution | Brazil and Peru |
| Linguistic classification | Harákmbut–Katukinan ? Macro-Arawakan ?
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-5 | auf |
| Glottolog | araw1282 |
| |
Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the Chapakura-Wañam, Jivaro, Kwaza, Maku, Mura-Matanawi, Taruma, Yanomami, Arawak, Nadahup, Puinave-Kak, and Tupi language families due to contact.[1]
Arauan consists of half a dozen languages:
Internal classification by Jolkesky (2016):[1]
(† = extinct)
Internal classification by Dienst (2010):[2]
Arauá internal classification by Mason (1950):[3]
Unattested varieties listed by Loukotka (1968):[7]
Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items.[7]
| gloss | Arauá | Yamamadi | Paumari | Curina | Madiha |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| one | warihí | itarini | huarani | ahã | ahã |
| two | fanihi | mushamu | faumini | pamawi | |
| three | arisafaha | uharini | harabakudzeki | nawi | |
| head | ä-tati | dadií | tazi-ama | i-tati | |
| eye | ä-narobõ | murubui | eribu | waribu | |
| hand | u-safá | ä-dzäfä | dzẽi | iyepe | zepe |
| water | pahá | pãhã | pãhá | patsu | patsu |
| fire | sihú | yefu | sidzyú | dipu | zipu |
| sun | mahí | mahi | kasiri | maxi | maxi |
| maize | kemi | yoruá | tapá | tapa | |
| tapir | awí | aui | dama | auhi | awi |
| house | zamí | huda | gurã | uza | uáza |
Below are selected Proto-Arawá (Proto-Arawan) reconstructions of flora and fauna names by Dixon (2004):[8]
| Proto-Arawá | English gloss | Portuguese gloss |
|---|---|---|
| *biha | yam sp. | carai |
| *boba | palm sp. | paxiúba |
| *bodi | fruit sp. | bacuri |
| *'boko | tree sp. | imbaúba |
| *doni | tonka bean | cumaru |
| *hawa | patauá palm | patauá |
| *imi | ingá (tree and edible fruit) | ingá |
| *jani | palm sp. | paxiubinha |
| *jawana | palm sp. | murumuru |
| *jawida | peach palm | |
| *kahami | palm sp. | urucuri |
| *majo | tree sp. | pajurá |
| *nabohi | palm sp. | paxiúba-barriguda |
| *ora | genipap | jenipapo |
| *para'i | assai palm | |
| *sanaro | passion fruit | maracujá |
| *tamajara | matamatá tree, envira tree | matamatá, envira |
| *tamino | jackfruit tree | |
| *waishowa | several trees of genus Lucuma | abiurana |
| *wasina, *wasini | kapok ceibe tree | samaúma, Ceiba pentandra |
| *wekhe'i | rubber tree | Hevea brasiliensis |
| *xidepe | tree sp.; red paint made from fruit | urucu, Bixa orellana |
| Proto-Arawá | English gloss | Portuguese gloss |
|---|---|---|
| *gapha | woolly monkey | |
| *hijama | white-lipped peccary | |
| *hojawa | giant anteater | |
| *ja'o | sloth sp. | |
| *jajiko | howler monkey | |
| *jotomi | coati | quati |
| *jowi(hi) | capuchin monkey | |
| *kawina | howler monkey | |
| *kiriwe | three-toed sloth | |
| *kishi- | armadillo | tatu |
| *kiso | capuchin monkey | |
| *kosikosi | kinkajou, night monkey | jupará |
| *mase | bat | |
| *modo | anteater | tamanduá |
| *mowi | night monkey | |
| *pishi | squirrel monkey; marmoset (small monkey) | macaco-de-cheiro, Saimiri sciureus |
| *shawa(ri) | weasel sp. | irara |
| *shinama | agouti | cutia |
| *tamakori | monkey sp. | macaco parauaçu, Pithecia monachus |
| Proto-Arawá | English gloss | Portuguese gloss |
|---|---|---|
| *ama'ahawa | socó heron | socó |
| *amasawari | socozinho heron | socozinho |
| *dapo | guan (bird sp.) | |
| *DiroDiro | kingfisher | |
| *hiriti | motmot bird | |
| *jakhi | toucan (Ramphastos) | |
| *kamowa | dove sp. | juriti, rolinha |
| *kawashiro | oriole | |
| *komi | trogon (bird sp.) | |
| *khere | kingfisher | ariramba |
| *okoko | pigeon, dove sp. | juriti |
| *shabiria | eagle-hawk | Harpia harpyja |
| *tano | pied-crested oropendola (type of oriole) | japu |
| *tawikhoro(ro) | black-fronted nunbird | bico-de-brasa |
| *tobejaro, *tobejero) | nighthawk | bacurau |
| *wara- | chachalaca (bird) | aracuã |
| Proto-Arawá | English gloss | Portuguese gloss |
|---|---|---|
| *aba majaro | arowana (fish sp.) | aruanã |
| *'awida | piau sp. (fish) | piau |
| *bahama | surubim (large fish) | surubim |
| *basani | pacu (fish sp.) | pacu |
| *bidama | catfish sp. | mandi |
| *dawi | big leaf calathea (fish sp.) | |
| *kosop(h)a | tucunaré (fish sp.) | tucunaré |
| *khorobo | fish sp. | jeju? |
| *moro | fish sp. (cangati sp.; large catfish) | cangati; jai preto, Paulicea luetkeni |
| *otawi | cará (fish sp.) | cará |
| *siraba | fish sp. | cangati, cará, acará |
| *shako | lungfish | traíra |
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