2024 United States presidential election in Ohio

For related races, see 2024 United States presidential election.

The 2024 United States presidential election in Ohio was held on Tuesday, November 5, 2024, as part of the 2024 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. Ohio voters chose electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote. Ohio had 17 electoral votes in the Electoral College, following reapportionment due to the 2020 United States census in which the state lost a seat.^[1]

2024 United States presidential election in Ohio

← 2020 November 5, 2024 2028 →
Reporting	96% as of Nov. 10, 2024, 2:00 PM EDT
Nominee Donald Trump Kamala Harris Party Republican Democratic Home state Florida California Running mate JD Vance Tim Walz Electoral vote 17 0 Popular vote 3,116,579 2,476,003 Percentage 55.23% 43.88%
County results Trump   50–60%   60–70%   70–80%   80–90% Harris   40–50%   50–60%   60–70%
President before election Joe Biden Democratic Elected President Donald Trump Republican

A heavily populated Midwestern state located mainly in the Rust Belt, and the southern portion of the state having cultural influence from the Upper South and Bible Belt, Ohio had been considered a vital bellwether state for decades and had been decided by single digits at the presidential level since 1992, but has been trending towards the political right in recent years and is now considered a moderately red state. The state voted significantly more Republican than the U.S. at large when Donald Trump carried the state by just over eight points in the past two elections, despite polls showing a tight race in both cycles, especially in 2020, in which the state backed the losing presidential candidate for the first time in 60 years. This is the first time since 1988 that the state voted Republican in three consecutive presidential elections and the first time since 2012 that it voted for the winner of the national popular vote.

The GOP's success in Ohio during the 2022 midterms has further testified to the state's rightward shift and the likely end of its bellwether and swing-state distinctions at the presidential level. Ohio was widely expected to be carried again by Trump in the November general election.^[2] JD Vance's selection was seen as a strategic effort to bolster support in the Midwest (especially his home state) and among Trump supporters. Independent candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. gathered enough signatures to appear on the ballot.^[3]

Donald Trump would go on to win Ohio for the third straight election, defeating Kamala Harris by 11.35 percentage points in the biggest margin of victory since 1984.

The election was held concurrently with a U.S. Senate race in Ohio, in which Republican nominee Bernie Moreno unseated Democratic incumbent Sherrod Brown, which was partly credited to Trump's overall success in the state. Additionally, an attempt to establish a redistricting commission (with the goal of ending gerrymandering) was proposed on the state's ballot but was defeated after being denounced by Trump.^[4][5] This was also, in part, credited towards Trump's popularity in the state amongst other factors.^[6]

Primary elections

Democratic primary

Main article: 2024 Ohio Democratic presidential primary

The Ohio Democratic primary was held on March 19, 2024, alongside the Arizona, Illinois, and Kansas primaries.

Ohio Democratic primary, March 19, 2024^[7]

Candidate	Votes	Percentage	Actual delegate count
			Bound	Unbound	Total
Joe Biden (incumbent)	461,558	87.06%	124
Dean Phillips (withdrawn)	68,629	12.94%	3
Total:	530,187	100.00%	127	16	133

Republican primary

Main article: 2024 Ohio Republican presidential primary

The Ohio Republican primary was held on March 19, 2024, alongside primaries in Arizona, Florida, and Illinois.

Ohio Republican primary, March 19, 2024^[8]

Candidate	Votes	Percentage	Actual delegate count
			Bound	Unbound	Total
Donald Trump	896,059	79.21%	79		79
Nikki Haley (withdrawn)	162,563	14.37%
Ron DeSantis (withdrawn)	38,089	3.37%
Chris Christie (withdrawn)	20,027	1.77%
Vivek Ramaswamy (withdrawn)	14,450	1.28%
Total:	1,131,188	100.00%	79		79

General election

Predictions

Source	Ranking	As of
Cook Political Report[9]	Solid R	December 19, 2023
Inside Elections[10]	Likely R	April 26, 2023
Sabato's Crystal Ball[11]	Safe R	June 13, 2024
Decision Desk HQ/The Hill[12]	Likely R	December 14, 2023
CNalysis[13]	Likely R	November 4, 2024
CNN[14]	Solid R	January 14, 2024
The Economist[15]	Safe R	November 1, 2024
538[16]	Likely R	June 11, 2024
NBC News[17]	Safe R	October 6, 2024
YouGov[18]	Safe R	November 1, 2024
Split Ticket[19]	Likely R	November 1, 2024

Democratic ballot access controversy

Due to the Democratic National Convention taking place on August 19, 2024, which occurs more than a week after the August 7 deadline to certify a presidential candidate for office, under ordinary rules, the eventual Democratic nominee would be disqualified from the ballot.^[20][21] Efforts to create an emergency fix had stalled in the Ohio Legislature. The state House adjourned without considering a fix on May 8.^[22] On May 21, Ohio Secretary of State Frank LaRose provided an update confirming that efforts to rectify the situation were at an impasse, as the state legislature would not take up the issue and the Ohio Democratic Party had offered no "legally acceptable remedy" up to that point. He further clarified that if the party does not work toward a solution themselves, their presidential nominee will not be listed on the November ballot.^[23]

On May 23, Governor Mike DeWine called for a special legislative session and tasked lawmakers with ensuring Biden's inclusion on the ballot. Republican leaders in the state Senate, with DeWine's support, hope to pass a bill that will tie solving the ballot access issue to a ban on foreign contributions toward ballot measure efforts in the state. Ohio Democratic Party chair Elizabeth Walters and state House minority leader Allison Russo have signaled their opposition to the ban, which has been described as a poison pill amendment; a spokesperson for DeWine later said that a bill dealing only with the ballot access issue could also be considered.^[24]

After the state legislature appeared unable to address the issue, the Democratic Party announced on May 28 that a virtual roll call nomination, similar to the process used by the party in 2020, would take place two weeks before the 2024 Democratic National Convention to nominate Biden and meet Ohio's deadline.^[25] Nonetheless, the Ohio legislature passed a bill on June 1 extending the deadline to August 23,^[26] which DeWine signed on June 2.^[27] However, because the law did not take effect until September 1, Democrats continued with the roll call to meet the original deadline.^[28]

Green Party ballot access controversy

Green Party nominee Jill Stein also appeared on the ballot, though votes for her did not count due to her nominating a running mate after the state deadline. Citing the law that allowed Joe Biden to be nominated, the Green Party attempted to use this exact ruling in their favor to swap VP candidates. However, VP candidate Anita Rios testified in federal court that she did not sign the withdraw form and that someone unknown to the Stein campaign submitted a forgery of her signature. The Green Party argued that the Secretary of State should have never accepted the withdraw letter, saying the signature of Rios was a PDF copy from her 2014 governorship candidacy paperwork.^[29] The Stein campaign stated that a letter to the Ohio Secretary of State requesting removal from the ballot was "fraudulent".^[30]

A hearing to restore ballot access for Stein was scheduled for October 22, in which the federal courts abstained from making a ruling on the case. The Stein campaign and the Ohio Green Party announced that they will continue the lawsuit to make the votes for Stein-Rios in Ohio count.^[31]

Polling

Donald Trump vs. Kamala Harris

Aggregate polls

Source of poll aggregation	Dates administered	Dates updated	Kamala Harris Democratic	Donald Trump Republican	Other / Undecided [a]	Margin
270ToWin	October 22 – November 4, 2024	November 4, 2024	44.3%	52.0%	3.7%	Trump +7.7%
538	through November 4, 2024	November 4, 2024	43.4%	52.3%	4.3%	Trump +8.8%
The Hill/DDHQ	through November 3, 2024	November 3, 2024	44.6%	52.2%	3.2%	Trump +7.6%
Average			44.1%	52.2%	3.7%	Trump +8.1%

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size[b]	Margin of error	Donald Trump Republican	Kamala Harris Democratic	Other / Undecided
AtlasIntel[32]	November 3–4, 2024	1,022 (LV)	± 3.0%	54%	45%	1%
Trafalgar Group (R)[33]	November 2–4, 2024	1,095 (LV)	± 2.9%	52%	45%	3%[c]
Emerson College[34][A]	October 30 − November 2, 2024	900 (LV)	± 3.2%	54%	42%	4%[d]
				54.7%[e]	43.5%	1.9%
Morning Consult[35]	October 23 − November 1, 2024	1,254 (LV)	± 3.0%	53%	44%	3%
Trafalgar Group (R)[36][B]	October 25–28, 2024	1,127 (LV)	± 2.9%	52%	46%	2%[f]
ActiVote[37]	October 5−28, 2024	400 (LV)	± 4.9%	54%	46%	–
CES/YouGov[38]	October 1–25, 2024	3,120 (A)	–	52%	45%	3%
		3,091 (LV)		52%	45%	3%
J.L. Partners[39]	October 22−24, 2024	997 (LV)	± 3.1%	53%	44%	3%
University of Akron[40]	September 12 – October 24, 2024	1,241 (RV)	± 2.8%	51%	44%	5%
Bowling Green State University/YouGov[41]	October 10−21, 2024	1,000 (LV)	± 3.6%	50%	43%	5%[g]
Morning Consult[35]	October 6−15, 2024	1,243 (LV)	± 3.0%	52%	45%	3%
Rasmussen Reports (R)[42][C]	October 9−14, 2024	1,051 (LV)	± 3.0%	51%	44%	5%[c]
Washington Post[43]	October 3–7, 2024	1,002 (RV)	± 3.5%	51%	44%	5%[h]
		1,002 (LV)		51%	45%	4%[i]
Marist College[44]	October 3–7, 2024	1,511 (RV)	± 3.0%	52%	46%	2%[j]
		1,327 (LV)	± 3.2%	52%	46%	2%[j]
ActiVote[45]	August 28 – September 30, 2024	400 (LV)	± 4.9%	54%	46%	–
Bowling Green State University/YouGov[46]	September 18–27, 2024	1,000 (LV)	± 3.6%	51%	44%	5%[k]
New York Times/Siena College[47]	September 21–26, 2024	687 (RV)	± 4.0%	49%	45%	6%
		687 (LV)		50%	44%	6%
RMG Research[48][D]	September 18−20, 2024	757 (LV)	± 3.5%	54%	43%	3%[l]
Morning Consult[35]	September 9−18, 2024	1,488 (LV)	± 3.0%	52%	43%	5%
Morning Consult[35]	August 30 – September 8, 2024	1,558 (LV)	± 3.0%	52%	44%	4%
Emerson College[49]	September 3–5, 2024	945 (LV)	± 3.1%	53%	43%	4%
				54%[m]	45%	1%[i]
SoCal Strategies (R)[50][E]	August 31 – September 1, 2024	600 (LV)	–	52%	43%	5%
	August 23, 2024	Robert F. Kennedy Jr. suspends his presidential campaign and endorses Donald Trump.
ActiVote[51]	August 2–22, 2024	400 (LV)	± 4.9%	56%	44%	–
	August 19–22, 2024	Democratic National Convention
Rasmussen Reports (R)[52][F]	August 13–17, 2024	1,267 (LV)	–	51%	44%	5%
	August 6, 2024	Kamala Harris selects Gov. Tim Walz as her running mate.
Fabrizio Ward (R)/Impact Research (D)[53][G]	July 23–28, 2024	600 (LV)	± 4.0%	52%	42%	6%
	July 21, 2024	Joe Biden announces his withdrawal from the race; Kamala Harris declares her candidacy for president.
	July 15–19, 2024	Republican National Convention
	July 13, 2024	attempted assassination of Donald Trump
Ohio Northern University[54]	March 6–11, 2024	1,241 (LV)	± 3.3%	51%	38%	11%

Donald Trump vs. Kamala Harris vs. Cornel West vs. Jill Stein vs. Chase Oliver

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size[b]	Margin of error	Donald Trump Republican	Kamala Harris Democratic	Cornel West Independent	Jill Stein Green	Chase Oliver Libertarian	Other / Undecided
AtlasIntel[32]	November 3–4, 2024	1,022 (LV)	± 3.0%	54%	45%	–	1%	0%	–
Focaldata[55]	October 3 – November 1, 2024	2,161 (LV)	–	53%	44%	–	0%	1%	2%
		1,867 (RV)	± 2.1%	52%	45%	–	0%	2%	1%
		2,161 (A)	–	53%	42%	–	0%	2%	3%
OnMessage Inc. (R)[56][H]	October 19–22, 2024	600 (LV)	± 4.0%	52%	44%	–	1%	1%	2%[f]
New York Times/Siena College[47]	September 21–26, 2024	687 (RV)	± 4.0%	47%	44%	–	2%	2%	5%
		687 (LV)		49%	43%	–	2%	2%	4%

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size[b]	Margin of error	Donald Trump Republican	Kamala Harris Democratic	Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Independent	Cornel West Independent	Jill Stein Green	Chase Oliver Libertarian	Other / Undecided
Miami University[57]	October 28–30, 2024	859 (RV)	± 5.0%	49%	46%	0%	–	0%	0%	5%
		851 (LV)		50%	47%	0%	–	0%	0%	3%
Rasmussen Reports (R)[52][F]	August 13–17, 2024	1,267 (LV)	–	50%	42%	4%	1%	0%	–	3%
Fabrizio Ward (R)/Impact Research (D)[53][G]	July 23–28, 2024	600 (LV)	± 4.0%	48%	39%	9%	–	1%	1%	2%

Hypothetical polling with Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

Donald Trump vs. Kamala Harris vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West vs. Jill Stein vs. Chase Oliver

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size[b]	Margin of error	Donald Trump Republican	Joe Biden Democratic	Other / Undecided
Remington Research Group (R)[58]	June 29 – July 1, 2024	611 (LV)	± 4.0%	51%	41%	8%
National Public Affairs[59]	May 28–29, 2024	801 (LV)	± 3.5%	54%	46%	–
John Zogby Strategies[60][I]	April 13–21, 2024	643 (LV)	–	52%	42%	6%
Mainstreet Research/Florida Atlantic University[61]	March 13–15, 2024	818 (RV)	± 3.4%	51%	40%	9%
Ohio Northern University[54]	March 6–11, 2024	1,241 (LV)	± 3.3%	50%	38%	12%
Emerson College[62][J]	March 7–10, 2024	1,300 (RV)	± 2.6%	50%	41%	9%
				55%[m]	45%	–
Emerson College[63][J]	January 23–25, 2024	1,844 (RV)	± 2.3%	47%	36%	17%[n]
Emerson College/WJW-TV[64]	November 10–13, 2023	1,000 (RV)	± 3.0%	50%	38%	12%
Data for Progress (D)[65]	October 31 – November 2, 2023	597 (LV)	± 4.0%	51%	43%	6%
Ohio Northern University[66]	October 16–19, 2023	668 (RV)	± 3.8%	45%	40%	15%[o]
Emerson College[67]	October 2–4, 2023	438 (RV)	± 4.5%	45%	33%	23%
Change Research (D)/Future Majority (D)[68]	September 16–19, 2023	1,559 (RV)	–	48%	43%	9%
Ohio Northern University[69]	July 17–26, 2023	675 (RV)	± 3.7%	49%	39%	12%
Targoz Market Research[70]	November 2–6, 2022	505 (LV)	± 4.3%	57%	40%	3%
Emerson College[71]	October 30 – November 1, 2022	1,000 (LV)	± 3.0%	50%	38%	12%
Ohio Northern University/Lucid[72]	October 11–15, 2022	668 (LV)	–	55%	35%	10%
Emerson College[73]	October 6–7, 2022	1,000 (LV)	± 3.0%	48%	40%	12%
Emerson College[74]	September 12–13, 2022	1,000 (LV)	± 3.0%	50%	40%	10%
Echelon Insights[75]	August 31 – September 7, 2022	831 (LV)	± 4.3%	49%	41%	10%
Emerson College[76]	August 15–16, 2022	925 (LV)	± 3.2%	53%	39%	8%
PEM Management Corporation (R)[77][K]	July 22–24, 2022	300 (LV)	± 5.7%	42%	44%	14%

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size[b]	Margin of error	Donald Trump Republican	Joe Biden Democratic	Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Independent	Cornel West Independent	Jill Stein Green	Other / Undecided
Marist College[78]	June 3–6, 2024	1,137 (RV)	± 3.6%	48%	41%	5%	1%	1%	4%
National Public Affairs[59]	May 28–29, 2024	801 (LV)	± 3.5%	48%	40%	7%	2%	3%	–
East Carolina University[79]	March 8–11, 2024	1,298 (LV)	± 3.2%	48%	38%	5%	1%	1%	7%
Emerson College[62][J]	March 7–10, 2024	1,300 (RV)	± 2.6%	47%	38%	6%	1%	1%	7%
Emerson College/WJW-TV[64]	November 10–13, 2023	1,000 (RV)	± 3.0%	45%	31%	8%	1%	2%	13%

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size[b]	Margin of error	Donald Trump Republican	Joe Biden Democratic	Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Independent	Other / Undecided
Ohio Northern University[54]	March 6–11, 2024	1,241 (LV)	± 3.3%	44%	32%	13%	11%
Ohio Northern University[66]	October 16–19, 2023	668 (RV)	± 3.8%	42%	35%	11%	12%[g]

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size[b]	Margin of error	Donald Trump Republican	Joe Biden Democratic	Cornel West Green	Other / Undecided
Change Research (D)/Future Majority (D)[68]	September 16–19, 2023	1,559 (RV)	–	45%	36%	9%	10%
				42%	34%	6%	18%[p]
Suffolk University/USA Today[80]	July 9–12, 2023	500 (RV)	± 4.4%	44%	38%	2%	16%

Hypothetical polling with Donald Trump and Joe Biden

Donald Trump vs. Joe Biden

Donald Trump vs. Joe Biden vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Cornel West vs. Jill Stein

Donald Trump vs. Joe Biden. vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

Donald Trump vs. Joe Biden vs. Cornel West

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size[b]	Margin of error	Donald Trump Republican	Gavin Newsom Democratic	Other / Undecided
Ohio Northern University[54]	March 6–11, 2024	1,241 (LV)	± 3.3%	51%	33%	16%

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size[b]	Margin of error	Donald Trump Republican	Gretchen Whitmer Democratic	Other / Undecided
Ohio Northern University[54]	March 6–11, 2024	1,241 (LV)	± 3.3%	51%	34%	15%

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size[b]	Margin of error	Donald Trump Republican	Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Independent	Other / Undecided
John Zogby Strategies[60][I]	April 13–21, 2024	643 (LV)	–	47%	39%	14%

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size[b]	Margin of error	Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Independent	Joe Biden Democratic	Other / Undecided
John Zogby Strategies[60][I]	April 13–21, 2024	643 (LV)	–	55%	34%	11%

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size[b]	Margin of error	Nikki Haley Republican	Joe Biden Democratic	Other / Undecided
Ohio Northern University[66]	October 16–19, 2023	668 (RV)	± 3.8%	34%	36%	30%[q]
Ohio Northern University[69]	July 17–26, 2023	675 (RV)	± 3.7%	38%	38%	24%

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size[b]	Margin of error	Ron DeSantis Republican	Joe Biden Democratic	Other / Undecided
Ohio Northern University[66]	October 16–19, 2023	668 (RV)	± 3.8%	38%	41%	21%[o]
Ohio Northern University[69]	July 17–26, 2023	675 (RV)	± 3.7%	41%	39%	20%
Emerson College[73]	October 6–7, 2022	1,000 (LV)	± 3.0%	49%	38%	13%
Emerson College[74]	September 12–13, 2022	1,000 (LV)	± 3.0%	48%	38%	14%
Echelon Insights[75]	August 31 – September 7, 2022	831 (LV)	± 4.3%	46%	40%	14%

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size[b]	Margin of error	Ron Desantis Republican	Joe Biden Democratic	Cornel West Green	Other / Undecided
Suffolk University/USA Today[80]	July 9–12, 2023	500 (RV)	± 4.4%	39%	37%	2%	22%

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size[b]	Margin of error	Chris Christie Republican	Joe Biden Democratic	Other / Undecided
Ohio Northern University[69]	July 17–26, 2023	675 (RV)	± 3.7%	33%	39%	28%

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size[b]	Margin of error	Mike Pence Republican	Joe Biden Democratic	Other / Undecided
Ohio Northern University[66]	October 16–19, 2023	668 (RV)	± 3.8%	38%	38%	24%[q]
Ohio Northern University[69]	July 17–26, 2023	675 (RV)	± 3.7%	37%	38%	25%

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size[b]	Margin of error	Tim Scott Republican	Joe Biden Democratic	Other / Undecided
Ohio Northern University[69]	July 17–26, 2023	675 (RV)	± 3.7%	38%	39%	23%

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size[b]	Margin of error	Generic Republican	Joe Biden Democratic	Other / Undecided
Causeway Solutions[81]	May 19–27, 2023	1,639 (RV)	± 2.5%	45%	33%	22%

Hypothetical polling with other candidates

Donald Trump vs. Gavin Newsom

Donald Trump vs. Gretchen Whitmer

Donald Trump vs. Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

Robert F. Kennedy Jr. vs. Joe Biden

Nikki Haley vs. Joe Biden

Ron DeSantis vs. Joe Biden

Ron Desantis vs. Joe Biden vs. Cornel West

Chris Christie vs. Joe Biden

Mike Pence vs. Joe Biden

Tim Scott vs. Joe Biden

Generic Republican vs. Joe Biden

Results

2024 United States presidential election in Ohio^{[82][failed verification]}

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Republican	Donald Trump JD Vance	3,116,579	55.23%	+1.96%
	Democratic	Kamala Harris Tim Walz	2,476,003	43.88%	−1.36%
	Libertarian	Chase Oliver Mike ter Maat	27,502	0.49%	−0.65%
	Independent	Richard Duncan Mitch Bupp	12,532	0.22%	+0.22%
	American Solidarity	Peter Sonski Lauren Onak	9,973	0.18%	+0.18%
	Green	Jill Stein (votes not counted) Anita Rios (votes not counted)	N/A	N/A	−0.32%
Total votes			5,642,589	100.00%

See also

• United States presidential elections in Ohio
• 2024 United States presidential election
• 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries
• 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries
• 2024 United States elections

Notes

1. Calculated by taking the difference of 100% and all other candidates combined.
2. Key:
   A – all adults
   RV – registered voters
   LV – likely voters
   V – unclear
3. "Other" with 2%
4. "Someone else" with 2%
5. With voters who lean towards a given candidate
6. "Other" with 1%
7. "Some other candidate" with 2%
8. "Someone else" & "Would not vote" with 1% each
9. "Someone else" with 1%
10. "Another party's candidates" with 1%
11. "Some other candidate" with 1%
12. "Some other candidate" with 2%; "Would not vote" with 1%
13. With voters who lean towards a given candidate
14. "Someone else" with 9%
15. "Some other candidate" with 5%
16. Joe Manchin with 6%
17. "Some other candidate" with 8%

Partisan clients

1. Poll sponsored by The Hill
2. Poll sponsored by Ohio Press Network
3. Poll sponsored by American Thinker
4. Poll sponsored by the Napolitan Institute
5. Poll sponsored by On Point Politics & Red Eagle Politics
6. Poll sponsored by NumbersUSA
7. Poll commissioned by AARP
8. Poll sponsored by the Senate Opportunity Fund
9. Poll conducted for Kennedy's campaign
10. Poll sponsored by Nexstar Media Group
11. Poll conducted for the John Bolton Super PAC

References

1. Wang, Hansi; Jin, Connie; Levitt, Zach (April 26, 2021). "Here's How The 1st 2020 Census Results Changed Electoral College, House Seats". NPR. Archived from the original on August 19, 2021. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
2. "270toWin - 2024 Presidential Election Interactive Map". 270toWin.com. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
3. Pelzer, Jeremy (May 9, 2024). "Robert F. Kennedy Jr.'s campaign says he has enough signatures to make Ohio's 2024 presidential ballot". cleveland. Retrieved May 9, 2024.
4. "Ohio voters reject replacing troubled mapmaking system with citizen-led redistricting commission". AP News. November 5, 2024. Retrieved November 10, 2024.
5. "Trump Denouncing Special Issue 1".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
6. Bischoff, Jessie Balmert and Laura A. "Issue 1 fails big in Ohio despite massive money advantage". The Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved November 14, 2024.
7. "Ohio Presidential Primary". The AP. Retrieved April 27, 2024.
8. "Ohio Presidential Primary". The AP. April 26, 2024. Retrieved May 9, 2024.
9. "2024 CPR Electoral College Ratings". cookpolitical.com. Cook Political Report. December 19, 2023. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
10. "Presidential Ratings". insideelections.com. Inside Elections. April 26, 2023. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
11. "2024 Electoral College ratings". centerforpolitics.org. University of Virginia Center for Politics. June 29, 2023. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
12. "2024 presidential predictions". elections2024.thehill.com/. The Hill. December 14, 2023. Retrieved January 11, 2024.
13. "2024 Presidential Forecast". projects.cnalysis.com/. CNalysis. December 30, 2023. Retrieved November 4, 2024.
14. "Electoral College map 2024: Road to 270". CNN. Retrieved January 14, 2024.
15. "Trump v Biden: The Economist's presidential election prediction model". The Economist. Retrieved November 2, 2024.
16. Morris, G. Elliott (June 11, 2024). "2024 Election Forecast". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
17. "Presidential Election Preview 2024". NBC News.
18. "2024 Presidential Election Polls". YouGov.
19. "2024 Presidential Forcast". Split Ticket. June 2, 2023.
20. "Biden may have trouble getting on Ohio's general election ballot, state's top election official warns". NBC News. April 6, 2024. Retrieved May 9, 2024.
21. Quarshie, Mabinty (May 9, 2024). "Biden struggles to get on Ohio's November ballot - Washington Examiner". Retrieved May 9, 2024.
22. Thomas, Hannah (May 9, 2024). "Efforts to get Biden on November ballot stall in Ohio Statehouse". WLWT. Retrieved May 9, 2024.
23. Dietz, Matthew (May 21, 2024). "Ohio Sec. of State provides update on efforts to get President Biden on November ballot". WLWT. Retrieved May 22, 2024.
24. "Ohio governor calls special session to pass legislation ensuring President Biden is on 2024 ballot". Associated Press. May 23, 2024. Retrieved May 24, 2024.
25. Egan, Lauren (May 28, 2024). "Biden to be nominated virtually before the convention in order to get on Ohio's ballot". Politico.
26. Murray, Isabella (June 1, 2024). "Ohio passes bill to ensure Biden appears on November ballot -- but DNC still plans to hold virtual roll call". ABC News.
27. Kasler, Karen (June 3, 2024). "DeWine signs Biden Ohio ballot fix and foreign money ban he asked for in special session". WCBE. Retrieved June 3, 2024.
28. Seitz-Wald, Alex (July 19, 2024). "Ignoring controversy, Democrats move forward with nominating Biden via virtual roll call". NBC News. Retrieved July 20, 2024.
29. Pelzer, Jeremy (September 25, 2024). "Ohio will invalidate votes for 2024 presidential candidate Jill Stein because of VP swap". cleveland. Retrieved September 30, 2024.
30. Pelzer, Jeremy (September 28, 2024). "'It's a mess': Accusations traded over how Jill Stein got disqualified from running for president in Ohio". The Plain Dealer. MSN. Retrieved October 3, 2024.
31. "Jill Stein Ohio Vote-Counting Hearing Set for Tuesday, October 22". October 16, 2024. Retrieved October 20, 2024.
32. "Atlas Poll - US Key States - November 4, 2024" (PDF). AtlasIntel. November 4, 2024.
33. "Ohio Statewide Presidential Survey - November 2024" (PDF). The Trafalgar Group. November 4, 2024.
34. "November 2024 Ohio Poll: Trump 54%, Harris 42%". Emerson College. November 4, 2024. Retrieved November 4, 2024.
35. Easley, Cameron; Yokley, Eli (September 9, 2024). "Tracking the 2024 Election: State by State". Morning Consult.
36. "Ohio Statewide Presidential Survey - October 2024" (PDF). The Trafalgar Group. October 29, 2024.
37. Allis, Victor (October 29, 2024). "Trump Leads in Ohio". ActiVote.
38. "2024 presidential vote preferences by state". Cooperative Election Study. October 29, 2024.
39. "OHIO LIKELY VOTERS POLLING". J.L. Partners. November 4, 2024.
40. "Bliss Institute Reveals 2024 Buckeye Poll Findings on Ohio Voter Preferences". University of Akron. October 29, 2024.
41. Alexander, Robert (October 24, 2024). "Survey of Ohio Likely Voters 18+, October 2024 Toplines". Bowling Green State University.
42. "Election 2024: Moreno 45%, Sherrod 44% in Ohio Senate Race". Rasmussen Reports. October 18, 2024.
43. Clement, Scott; Wang, Amy; Guskin, Emily (October 10, 2024). "Ohio voters dismiss false claims about Haitians, but Trump has slight lead, Post poll finds". The Washington Post.
44. "U.S. Presidential Contest: Ohio, October 2024 - Marist Ohio Poll". Marist Poll. October 10, 2024.
45. Allis, Victor (October 1, 2024). "Trump Leads in Ohio". ActiVote.
46. Alexander, Robert (October 3, 2024). "Survey of Ohio Likely Voters 18+, September 2024 Toplines". Bowling Green State University.
47. Epstein, Reid J.; Igielnik, Ruth; Baker, Camille (September 28, 2024). "Harris and Trump Are Neck and Neck in Michigan and Wisconsin, Polls Find". The New York Times.
48. "Ohio: Trump 54% Harris 43%". Napolitan Institute. September 24, 2024. Retrieved September 24, 2024.
49. "September State Polling: California, Florida, Ohio, Texas". Emerson College Polling. September 6, 2024.
50. "On Point/Red Eagle Politics/SoCal Strategies Ohio Poll". Substack. September 1, 2024.
51. Allis, Victor (August 22, 2024). "Trump Has Double-Digit Lead in Ohio". ActiVote. Retrieved August 23, 2024.
52. Draeger, Jonathan (August 18, 2024). "No Frontrunner in Swing States Before Democratic Convention". RealClearPolling.
53. "Ohio Voter Survey" (PDF). AARP. August 1, 2024.
54. "March Ohio Primary Poll". Google Docs. March 13, 2024.
55. "Our final report on the US presidential election". Focaldata. November 4, 2024.
56. "Senate Opportunity Fund - Battleground Polling" (PDF). Senate Opportunity Fund. October 25, 2024.
57. "Miami University students conduct survey of Ohio voters". Miami University. November 2, 2024.
58. Pearce, Tim (July 3, 2024). "Exclusive: Battleground Poll Shows Biden Tanking In Key States After Disastrous Debate". The Daily Wire.
59. "Ohio Statewide General Election Polling" (PDF). Dropbox. June 6, 2024.
60. "Biden Is the Real Spoiler, Kennedy Only Candidate Who Can Beat Trump". Kennedy24. May 1, 2024.
61. "Race for Ohio Senate Primary Tightens; Dolan and Moreno Neck and Neck". FAU Polling. March 16, 2024.
62. Mumford, Camille (March 13, 2024). "Ohio 2024 Poll: Dolan 26%, Moreno 23%, LaRose 16%, 32% undecided in GOP Primary". Emerson Polling.
63. Mumford, Camille (February 1, 2024). "Ohio 2024 Poll: Sherrod Brown Gears Up for Tight Re-election Campaign". Emerson Polling.
64. Mumford, Camille (November 16, 2023). "Ohio 2024 Poll: Brown Tops Potential GOP Opponents in the U.S. Senate Race". Emerson Polling.
65. "DFP Ohio General Election 2024 Crosstabs" (PDF). Data for Progress. November 9, 2023.
66. Alexander, Robert; Curiel, John (October 30, 2023). "Northern Poll Topline Results" (PDF). Ohio Northern University.
67. Mumford, Camille (October 10, 2023). "Ohio 2024 Poll: Brown Faces Competitive General Election; Trump Leads Biden in 2024 Matchup". Emerson Polling.
68. "Pulse of the Nation Report - Voter Attitudes and Concerns Driven by High Costs" (PDF). Future Majority. October 11, 2023.
69. Alexander, Robert; Curiel, John. "Northern Poll Topline Results". Google Docs.
70. Ellison, Randy (November 7, 2022). "Ohio Poll: Vance Leads Ryan". PollSmart MR.
71. Mumford, Camille (November 4, 2022). "Ohio 2022: Vance Extends Lead Over Ryan for US Senate". Emerson Polling.
72. Alexander, Robert; Curiel, John; Steelman, Tyler. "Northern Poll Topline Results" (PDF). Ohio Northern University.
73. Mumford, Camille (October 12, 2022). "Ohio 2022: Ryan and Vance in Dead Heat for Ohio Senate Seat; Gov. DeWine Maintains Double-Digit Lead Over Whaley". Emerson Polling.
74. Mumford, Camille (September 16, 2022). "Ohio 2022: Vance Holds Four-Point Lead Over Ryan; DeWine Maintains Comfortable Lead over Whaley". Emerson Polling.
75. Chavez, Krista (September 13, 2022). "New National Poll: 89% of Americans Say Congress Should Focus on Addressing Inflation, Not Breaking Up Tech". NetChoice.
76. Mumford, Camille (August 17, 2022). "Ohio 2022: JD Vance Leads Tim Ryan In Competitive Bid for US Senate; Gov. DeWine Holds 16-Point Lead Over Democratic Challenger". Emerson Polling.
77. "Bolton Super PAC Crosstabs" (PDF). Bolton Super PAC. July 28, 2022. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 28, 2022.
78. "The 2024 Elections in Ohio - Marist Ohio Poll". Marist Poll. June 11, 2024.
79. Francia, Peter; Morris, Jay (March 15, 2024). "Matt Dolan Holds Narrow Lead Over Bernie Moreno in Ohio Senate Republican Primary; Frank LaRose in Third Place; General Election Matchups with Sherrod Brown Competitive; Trump Leads Biden by 10 Points". ECU Center for Survey Research.
80. "7-27-2023 Ohio Registered Voters with USA TODAY Network crosstabs" (PDF). Suffolk University. July 27, 2023.
81. Gorman, Reese (June 7, 2023). "Undeclared Frank LaRose leads Ohio Senate Republican primary race, poll says". The Washington Examiner.
82. "NOVEMBER 5, 2024 GENERAL ELECTION CANDIDATE LIST" (PDF). OH SOS. Retrieved September 23, 2024.