2016 Labour Party leadership election (UK)

The 2016 Labour Party leadership election was called when a challenge to Jeremy Corbyn as Leader of the Labour Party arose following criticism of his approach to the Remain campaign in the referendum on membership of the European Union and questions about his leadership of the party.^[2]

2016 Labour Party leadership election

← 2015 22 August – 24 September 2016 (2016-08-22 – 2016-09-24) 2020 →
Turnout	506,438 (77.6%) 1.3 pp[1]
Candidate Jeremy Corbyn Owen Smith Popular vote 313,209 193,229 Percentage 61.8% 38.2%
Leader before election Jeremy Corbyn Elected Leader Jeremy Corbyn

Following a period of tension over Corbyn's leadership, the immediate trigger to events was the Leave result of the referendum. Hilary Benn, the Shadow Foreign Secretary, was dismissed by Corbyn on 25 June after Benn expressed no confidence in him.^[3] More than two dozen members of the Shadow Cabinet resigned over the following two days,^[4] and a no-confidence vote was supported by 172 MPs in the Parliamentary Labour Party, against 40 supporting Corbyn.^[5] It was reported that Tom Watson, the Deputy Leader, told Corbyn that he would face a challenge to his position as leader.^[6] Corbyn stated that he would not resign.^[7]

By the end of June, Angela Eagle and Owen Smith were being promoted as intending to contest the leadership. Eagle announced her candidacy on 11 July,^[8][9] and Smith did likewise on 13 July.^[10] The National Executive Committee decided that, as the incumbent, Corbyn would be automatically included on the ballot without requiring nominations from the parliamentary party;^[11] some political analysts had previously predicted that Corbyn would struggle to obtain the requisite number of signatures had that been required.^[12]

Eagle pulled out of the race on 19 July, leaving Smith to challenge Corbyn for the leadership in a head-to-head race;^[13] Eagle said that she would back Smith after she had attracted fewer nominations. Smith told the BBC that Eagle was a "star" and that she would be "at [his] right hand" if he won the leadership.^[14][15]

The result was announced on 24 September 2016. Corbyn won the election with 313,209 votes, increasing his share of the vote from 59.5% to 61.8% compared with the result of the 2015 leadership election and receiving some 62,000 more votes than in 2015.

Background

2015 leadership election

Jeremy Corbyn was one of four candidates for the Labour Party leadership in the 2015 leadership election triggered by the resignation of Ed Miliband as leader. He qualified for the ballot at the last minute, nominated by 36 MPs, the majority of whom did not support him but felt that the party should be able to vote on a wider range of candidates.^[16] Despite being the most unpopular option with the Parliamentary Labour Party, with only 13 MPs voting for him, he received 59.5% of the first preference votes from an electorate consisting of party membership, members of affiliated trade unions and supporters who paid £3 to have a vote.^[17]

Leadership challenge

When it became clear that Jeremy Corbyn would win the leadership election in 2015, the possibility of a challenge to his leadership was predicted by then Labour MP Simon Danczuk.^[18] A leadership challenge was then much discussed in the British press in November due to a split in the parliamentary party over the prospect of Britain's participation in air strikes in Syria.^[19] Another potential challenge was predicted in April after Ken Livingstone's allegedly anti-semitic comments led to his suspension, and Shadow Cabinet members allegedly held talks with plotters.^[20] The Guardian reported that "a small group of Labour MPs and advisers had been telling journalists for months to 'expect movement' against Corbyn on 24 June."^[21]

After the referendum

The pressure on Corbyn intensified as a result of the European Union referendum and dissatisfaction with his level of support for the losing Remain campaign.^[21] On 25 June, a 'Saving Labour' campaign website was created, to encourage members of the public to email MPs to urge them not to back Corbyn.^[22]

Shadow Cabinet resignations

On 25 June Hilary Benn, a critic of Corbyn, contacted members of the shadow cabinet to inform them that he had lost confidence in Corbyn. He was subsequently sacked as shadow Foreign Secretary, triggering a series of Shadow Cabinet resignations; at least 20 individuals resigned over the next few days.^[4] An article in The Observer, published online at 10 pm on 25 June,^[23] claimed that Benn had been sounding out a challenge against Corbyn.^[3][21][24] Corbyn assembled a new Shadow Cabinet, and insisted that he would not resign.^[7]

Vote of no confidence

A vote of no confidence in Corbyn was made by the parliamentary party on 28 June, with Corbyn losing the vote by 172 to 40, with four spoiled ballots and thirteen absentees. However Labour Party rules did not require Corbyn to resign as a result of the vote.^[5] Corbyn struggled to fill a new Shadow Cabinet, which had to be reduced in size from 31 to 25.^[25] The Scottish National Party sought to argue that they should become the official Opposition in the Commons with Labour unable to fill the role.^[26]

Leadership challenge

Corbyn continued to refuse to step down as leader, saying that the ballot had "no constitutional legitimacy" and he would not "betray" the members that elected him in the 2015 leadership election.^[27] In order to challenge an incumbent leader, a serving Labour MP needed to gather the support of at least 20% of Labour MPs (15% of Labour MPs and also MEPs being required if a leader has resigned).^[28] Angela Eagle, a former member of his Shadow Cabinet who resigned after Benn's sacking, was said on 30 June to have the number of backers required to launch a challenge.^[29] Separate meetings to discuss the situation were held by Corbyn and Watson with UNITE trade union leader Len McCluskey on 5 July.^[30]

Following the sacking of Hilary Benn, and the vote of no confidence in Corbyn's leadership, over 100,000 new members were reported to have joined the Labour Party by 8 July, taking membership numbers above 500,000.^[31] Both supporters and opponents of Corbyn signed up new members.^[31]

By 8 July there were no declared leadership challengers, Corbyn had not resigned, and both his supporters and some critics considered that he was in a good position to win any leadership vote.^[32][33] Corbyn challenged the rebels to stand against him,^[34] and it was reported that Eagle had secured the support of at least the requisite number of nominations needed to launch a leadership bid.^[35] The following day, Eagle announced that she would formally launch her campaign on 11 July.^[8] In her speech, Eagle said "Jeremy Corbyn is unable to provide the leadership this huge task needs."^[36]

The party's National Executive Committee (NEC) meeting on 12 July was expected to consider the arrangements for an election.^[37] The arrangements were decided by secret ballot with the vote 18 to 14 in favour of the incumbent leader being automatically on the ballot.^[38] The NEC also decided to not allow members who joined the party in the past six months to vote in the leadership election, so the approximately 130,000 new members who had joined since the European Union referendum would be unable to vote. Instead registered supporters were given a period of two days to register, at a fee of £25, to be entitled to vote.^[39][40] Additionally the NEC ruled that local Constituency Labour Parties should not hold members' meetings during the leadership election period.^[41]

There was pressure before the nominations close on 20 July for one of the two challengers, either Smith or Eagle, to withdraw in order to unify the anti-Corbyn campaign. The two agreed between themselves that whoever had fewest nominations from MPs/MEPs by the end of the working day on 19 July would withdraw in favour of the other. Eagle, with about 20 fewer nominations, did so, leaving Smith as the only challenger to Corbyn. She pledged her support for his campaign.^[13][42] Smith explained that his decision to run for leader was partly because the future of the Labour party was at risk, stating that the "possibility of split is dangerously real".^[43]

Reaction

Andrew Rawnsley, chief political commentator for The Observer, described the leadership race as a crisis for Labour, which he saw as "fighting for its life." On 24 July 2016, he discussed the "mutiny" against Corbyn by the majority of MPs who voted against him in the no confidence motion but warned that they "do not have the backing of a large chunk of the party selectorate [party members who will vote in the leadership election] that picks the leader... [but that selectorate] is wildly unrepresentative of the voters that Labour must persuade if the party is to survive as a plausible opposition, never mind become a viable competitor for power."^[44]

Leadership contender Owen Smith had supported the campaign for Britain to remain in the European Union, in the referendum on Britain's membership in June 2016.^[45] During an interview with the BBC, Smith opined that those who had voted with the Leave faction had done so "because they felt a sense of loss in their communities, decline, cuts that have hammered away at vital public services and they haven't felt that any politicians, certainly not the politicians they expect to stand up for them, the Labour Party, has been standing up for them."^[46]

Procedure

The election was conducted under a pure "one member, one vote" (OMOV) system, as had been the case at the 2015 leadership election. Candidates would be elected by members and registered and affiliated supporters, who all receive a maximum of one vote and all votes will be weighted equally. This means that, for example, members of Labour-affiliated trade unions need to register as affiliated Labour supporters to vote.^[47]

To stand, challengers needed to be nominated by at least 20% of the combined membership of the Parliamentary Labour Party (PLP) and European Parliamentary Labour Party, i.e. 51 MPs/MEPs, at the time.^[48] As the incumbent, Jeremy Corbyn, by decision of the National Executive Committee, was automatically included on the ballot. The vote, as in previous elections, was held under the alternative vote (instant-runoff) system.

The election itself was overseen by Electoral Reform Services.^[48]

Timetable

The Special Conference at the end of the Collins Review concluded that all selection timetables should be, once started, as short as possible. The Collins Report also states: "The NEC should agree the detailed procedures for leadership elections including issues regarding registration, fees, and freeze dates". The party required members to hold six months' continuous party membership on the freeze date to be eligible to take part in a selection.^[49][50]

The meeting of Labour's National Executive Committee on 12 July 2016 set a timetable and procedure for the election.^[51] Though the party confirmed the timetable would be released when the leadership contest process begins on Thursday 14 July, the timetable was leaked immediately following the NEC meeting.^[49][50] The voting eligibility freeze date for membership is 12 January 2016 – those who joined after that date will have to pay £25 to sign up as a registered supporter in the two day window during the week of 18 July.^[48] Members of affiliated trade unions, socialist societies and other affiliated organisations who individually sign up as an "affiliated supporter" to the Labour Party must have been a member of that organisation on or before 12 January 2016; the deadline to sign up as an "affiliated supporter" is 8 August 2016. Affiliated supporters already on the Party's membership system will be eligible to vote, subject to affiliates reconfirming their eligibility. Originally, many people sought to join organisations such as UNITE to gain a vote without paying Labour's £25 "registered supporter" fee; however, due to the freeze date for voter eligibility also applying to "affiliated supporters", this union route will not be a possible way to gain a vote.^[52][53]

On 8 August 2016 the High Court decided that the decision to disbar from voting members who joined in the six month preceding the election being called was contrary to the Labour Party Rule Book, and they were entitled to vote. This decision cast some doubt on the election timetable.^[54][55] In a critical passage of his judgement, Mr Justice Hickinbottom found that "Furthermore, there is no evidence of any suggestion by the Party, the NEC, the Collins Review or any member of the Party that a freeze date could be retrospective, until the Procedures Paper that Mr McNicol prepared for the 12 July 2016 NEC meeting. Indeed, the very opposite."^[56] The Procedures sub-committee of the NEC immediately appealed the decision,^[57] and on 12 August 2016 the Court of Appeal reversed the High Court's decision. It concluded that under the party rules, the NEC had discretion to set any reasonable criteria for members to vote, and that there was no reason why an eligibility freeze date could not be in the past.^[58]

The election timetable was as follows:

• Tuesday 12 January 2016 – Members must join the Labour Party on or before this date to vote in the leadership election.
• Tuesday 12 July 2016 – Timetable agreed.
• Thursday 14 July 2016 – Timetable published.
• Monday 18 July 2016 – EPLP and PLP briefing, followed by EPLP and PLP hustings. Registered supporters applications open.
• Monday 18 July 2016 (19:00) – EPLP and PLP nominations open.
• Wednesday 20 July 2016 (17:00) – EPLP and PLP nominations close and supporting nominations open. Last date to join as registered supporter.
• Thursday 21 July 2016 (12:00) – Deadline for validly nominated candidates to consent to nomination.
• Friday 22 July 2016' – Hustings period opens.
• Monday 8 August 2016 (12:00) – Final date for membership arrears to be paid in full. Final date for updated affiliated supporter lists to be renewed.
• Monday 15 August 2016 (12:00) – Supporting nominations close.
• Monday 22 August 2016 – Ballot mailing despatched.
• Wednesday 14 September 2016 (12:00) – Last date for electronic ballot reissues.
• Friday 16 September 2016 – Hustings period closes.
• Wednesday 21 September 2016 (12:00) – Ballot closes.
• Saturday 24 September 2016 (11:45) – Special conference to announce result.^[59]

Candidates

There had been some doubt over whether Corbyn would have been able to stand if he had needed to obtain 51 nominations like his challengers, as only 40 MPs supported him in the no-confidence motion and because the demand for Corbyn's resignation was the "majority position" of Labour's 20 MEPs.^[60][61]

On 12 July the National Executive Committee ruled that as the incumbent, Corbyn would automatically be included on the ballot by an 18–14 vote.^[11] The party's lawyers, GRM Law, as well as James Goudie, had argued the party's constitution required Corbyn to secure nominations,^[62][63] but conflicting legal advice obtained by the Labour Party leadership and UNITE from Doughty Street Chambers and Michael Mansfield, respectively, argued Corbyn should not need to obtain MP/MEP support to be placed on the ballot of a leadership election, as the party rules only mentioned the need for challengers to receive nominations, and did not explicitly specify the same requirement for the incumbent.^[62][64][65]

During the last leadership challenge on an incumbent leader (in 1988, with Corbyn a supporter of the challenge), the incumbent, Neil Kinnock, did seek and obtain nominations,^[66] but some commentators, including BBC's Andrew Neil, believed that Kinnock may have done this voluntarily just to show his strength.^[67][68] Some political analysts had predicted that Corbyn would have had difficulty getting the requisite number of nominations from MPs/MEPs to stand, if this had been a requirement for his name to appear on the ballot.^[69]

The results of an Ipsos MORI survey released on 14 July 2016 indicated that 66% of those surveyed (representative of 18+ adults in Great Britain) believed that the Labour party needed a new leader before the 2020 elections. In addition, only 23 percent believed that Corbyn would make a good Prime Minister, while the then-incumbent Theresa May had an approval rating of 55 percent.^[70]

Nominated

As the incumbent, Jeremy Corbyn, following an interpretation by the National Executive Committee of disputed Labour Party rules, was automatically included on the ballot.^[11] To be placed on the ballot, challengers to the Leader had to be nominated by at least 20% of the combined membership of the Parliamentary Labour Party (PLP) and European Parliamentary Labour Party, i.e. 51 MPs/MEPs.^[48] An MP or MEP who nominates a candidate does not have to subsequently support, or vote for, that candidate. In the past, some MPs have stated that they nominated only to ensure that a candidate (such as Corbyn) got onto the ballot paper;^[71] however, it was (correctly) expected that Corbyn would face a single "unity candidate" after Angela Eagle and Owen Smith agreed that the person with fewer nominations from MPs/MEPs should step aside (which Eagle later did).^[14][72]

In an interview, Smith offered the following endorsement of the former contender: "Angela is a star in the Labour firmament. She will be at my right hand throughout this contest and if I am successful, Angela will be alongside me as my right hand woman."^[13][15] He explained that his decision to run for leader was partly because the future of the Labour party was at risk, stating that the "possibility of split is dangerously real".^[43]

A High Court legal challenge, brought by Labour donor and former parliamentary candidate Michael Foster contesting the NEC's interpretation of the rules to allow Corbyn to be a candidate without having to secure nominations from Labour MPs/MEPs, was heard on 26 July 2016.^[73] Corbyn applied to the court, and was accepted, to be the second defendant with his own legal team as Corbyn was "particularly affected and particularly interested in the proper construction of the rules" and that General Secretary of the Labour Party Iain McNicol was "being expected to vigorously defend a position which he regarded as incorrect prior to the NEC decision".^[73] The High Court ruled that there was no basis to challenge the NEC's decision that Corbyn should automatically be on the ballot.^[74][75]

Prior to her withdrawal from the race on 19 July 2016, Eagle had been nominated by 72 MPs/MEPs.^[14] By that time, Smith had been nominated by 90 MPs/MEPs. Smith received a further 82 nominations following Eagle's withdrawal in advance of the nomination deadline at 17:00 the following day.^[76] A total of 89 Labour MPs/MEPs did not nominate any candidate by 19 July; 79 MPs/MEPs did not nominate by the close of nominations.^[76][77]

The two candidates (challenger nominated by the Parliamentary Labour Party and European Parliamentary Labour Party)
Candidate	Born	Constituency	Most recent position	Announced	Campaign website (Slogan)	PLP/EPLP Nominations	Share
Jeremy Corbyn	26 May 1949 (age 75)	MP for Islington North (1983–present)	Leader of the Labour Party; Leader of the Opposition (2015–2020)	Incumbent	JeremyForLabour (People powered politics)	N/A	N/A
	Supporting nominations[78][79][80] Constituency Labour Parties (285) Aberconwy Aberdeen Donside Aldridge-Brownhills Almond Valley Alyn and Deeside Arundel and South Downs Argyll and Bute Ashton-under-Lyne Barrow and Furness Bath Bedford Berwick-upon-Tweed Beverley and Holderness Birmingham Hall Green Blackley and Broughton Blaydon Bognor Regis and Littlehampton Bolsover Bolton South East Bolton South East Bolton West Bournemouth East Bournemouth West Bootle Boston and Skegness Bradford East Brent Central Brentford and Isleworth Bromley and Chislehurst Broxtowe Bristol East Bristol North West Bristol South Bristol West Bury North Bury St Edmunds Brent North Calder Valley Camberwell and Peckham Canterbury Cardiff Central Carlisle Central Devon Ceredigion Cheltenham Chesterfield Chesham and Amersham Chippenham Chingford and Woodford Green Cities of London and Westminster Clacton Clwyd West Clydebank and Milngavie Coatbridge and Chryston Congleton Colchester Crewe and Nantwich Croydon Central Croydon North Cunninghame South Dagenham and Rainham Doncaster Central Delyn Derbyshire Dales Devizes Dewsbury Dover Dulwich and West Norwood Dundee East Dundee West Dwyfor Meirionnydd East Devon East Surrey East Worthing and Shoreham Eastleigh Easington Eddisbury Edinburgh Central Edinburgh Northern and Leith Ellesmere Port and Neston Elmet and Rothwell Enfield North Enfield Southgate Epping Forest Erewash Erith and Thamesmead Faversham and Mid Kent Folkestone and Hythe Fylde Gainsborough Garston and Halewood Gateshead Glasgow Anniesland Glasgow Kelvin Glasgow Maryhill and Springburn Glasgow Shettleston Glasgow Southside Gloucester Grantham and Stamford Great Yarmouth Gower Hackney North and Stoke Newington Hackney South and Shoreditch Halifax Hampstead and Kilburn Harborough Harlow Harrow East Harrow West Harrogate and Knaresborough Hartlepool Harwich and North Essex Hastings and Rye Hamilton, Larkhall and Stonehouse Halesowen and Rowley Regis Halton Havant Hayes and Harlington Hemsworth Hereford and South Herefordshire Hexham Hitchin and Harpenden Holborn and St Pancras Horsham Hyndburn Isle of Wight Islington North Islington South Ilford South Jarrow Kensington and Chelsea Kirkcaldy Kingston and Surbiton Kingston upon Hull North Kingswood Knowsley Lancaster and Fleetwood Leeds East Leeds North West Leicester South Lewes Lewisham West and Penge Leyton and Wanstead Lincoln Linlithgow Liverpool Riverside Liverpool West Derby Liverpool Walton Loughborough Louth and Horncastle Luton North Luton South Maidenhead Macclesfield Meriden Mid Bedfordshire Mid Derbyshire Mid Fife and Glenrothes Mid Sussex Mid Worcestershire Middlesbrough Midlothian North and Musselburgh Midlothian South, Tweeddale and Lauderdale Milton Keynes North Milton Keynes South Monmouth Montgomeryshire Morecambe and Lunesdale New Forest East Newcastle upon Tyne Central Newcastle-under-Lyme Newton Abbot Newark North Cornwall North Devon North East Cambridgeshire North East Derbyshire North Norfolk North Shropshire North Somerset North Tyneside North West Durham North West Hampshire North West Leicestershire North West Norfolk North Wiltshire Northampton North Northampton South Northern Ireland Norwich North Norwich South Nottingham East Old Bexley and Sidcup Orkney Penrith and The Border Peterborough Plymouth Moor View Plymouth Sutton and Devonport Poole Poplar and Limehouse Portsmouth North Portsmouth South Preseli Pembrokeshire Preston Pudsey Rayleigh and Wickford Reading West Redcar Reigate Ribble Valley Rochester and Strood Rochford and Southend East Romford Romsey and Southampton North Salford and Eccles Salisbury Scarborough and Whitby Scunthorpe Sefton Central Sevenoaks Sheffield Brightside and Hillsborough Sheffield Heeley Sherwood Shetland Shipley St Helens South and WHiston Stalybridge and Hyde Stoke-on-Trent Central Stoke-on-Trent South Solihull Somerton and Frome South Cambridgeshire South East Cambridgeshire South East Cornwall South Dorset South Northamptonshire South Ribble South Thanet South West Bedfordshire South West Devon South West Norfolk South West Wiltshire Southampton Itchen Southampton Test Southend West Southport Stockport Stroud Surrey Heath Sutton and Cheam Sutton Coldfield Stretford and Urmston Swansea East Swansea West Tatton Tewkesbury The Cotswolds Thornbury and Yate Thurrock Tonbridge and Malling Torbay Torridge and West Devon Totnes Tottenham Truro and Falmouth Uxbridge and South Ruislip Vale of Clwyd (void)[81] Wakefield Walthamstow Wansbeck Warwick and Leamington Weaver Vale Wellingborough West Lancashire West Suffolk Westmorland and Lonsdale Weston super Mare Winchester Windsor Wirral South Witney Wokingham Worthing West Wyre Forest Ynys Môn Affiliated trade unions (8) Associated Society of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen (ASLEF) Bakers, Food and Allied Workers' Union (BFAWU) Communication Workers Union (CWU) Fire Brigades Union (FBU) Transport Salaried Staffs' Association (TSSA) Union of Construction, Allied Trades and Technicians (UCATT) UNISON Unite the Union Socialist societies (1) Disability Labour Other party units (1) Young Labour
Owen Smith (campaign)	2 May 1970 (age 54)	MP for Pontypridd (2010–2019)	Shadow Secretary of State for Work and Pensions (2015–2016)	13 July 2016[10]	Owen2016 (Labour's Future)	18/19 July: 90	35.86%
			172 / 251			68.53%
	PLP and EPLP nominations[76][77] Members of Parliament (162)[lower-alpha 1] Heidi Alexander Rushanara Ali[lower-alpha 2] Rosena Allin-Khan Ian Austin[lower-alpha 2] Adrian Bailey[lower-alpha 2] Kevin Barron[lower-alpha 2] Margaret Beckett Hilary Benn[lower-alpha 2] Clive Betts Roberta Blackman-Woods Tom Blenkinsop Paul Blomfield Ben Bradshaw[lower-alpha 2] Kevin Brennan[lower-alpha 2] Lyn Brown Chris Bryant Karen Buck Richard Burden Liam Byrne Ruth Cadbury Jenny Chapman Vernon Coaker[lower-alpha 2] Ann Coffey[lower-alpha 2] Julie Cooper[lower-alpha 2] Yvette Cooper[lower-alpha 2] Neil Coyle[lower-alpha 2] Mary Creagh[lower-alpha 2] Stella Creasy[lower-alpha 2] Jon Cruddas Judith Cummins Alex Cunningham Jim Cunningham Nic Dakin[lower-alpha 2] Wayne David Gloria De Piero[lower-alpha 2] Thangam Debbonaire[lower-alpha 2] Stephen Doughty[lower-alpha 2] Jim Dowd[lower-alpha 2] Jack Dromey[lower-alpha 2] Michael Dugher Angela Eagle[lower-alpha 2] Maria Eagle[lower-alpha 2] Clive Efford Julie Elliott[lower-alpha 2] Louise Ellman Chris Elmore Bill Esterson Chris Evans[lower-alpha 2] Paul Farrelly[lower-alpha 2] Jim Fitzpatrick[lower-alpha 2] Rob Flello[lower-alpha 2] Colleen Fletcher[lower-alpha 2] Caroline Flint[lower-alpha 2] Yvonne Fovargue Vicky Foxcroft Mike Gapes[lower-alpha 2] Pat Glass Mary Glindon[lower-alpha 2] Roger Godsiff Helen Goodman Kate Green Lilian Greenwood[lower-alpha 2] Nia Griffith[lower-alpha 2] Andrew Gwynne Louise Haigh David Hanson Harriet Harman[lower-alpha 2] Carolyn Harris Helen Hayes Sue Hayman John Healey Meg Hillier[lower-alpha 2] Margaret Hodge[lower-alpha 2] Sharon Hodgson[lower-alpha 2] Kate Hollern George Howarth[lower-alpha 2] Tristram Hunt[lower-alpha 2] Rupa Huq Dan Jarvis[lower-alpha 2] Alan Johnson[lower-alpha 2] Diana Johnson[lower-alpha 2] Gerald Jones Graham Jones Helen Jones Kevan Jones Susan Elan Jones Mike Kane[lower-alpha 2] Barbara Keeley Liz Kendall[lower-alpha 2] Stephen Kinnock[lower-alpha 2] Peter Kyle[lower-alpha 2] Chris Leslie[lower-alpha 2] Emma Lewell-Buck Ian Lucas Holly Lynch Justin Madders Khalid Mahmood Shabana Mahmood Seema Malhotra[lower-alpha 2] John Mann[lower-alpha 2] Rob Marris Chris Matheson Steve McCabe[lower-alpha 2] Kerry McCarthy Siobhain McDonagh[lower-alpha 2] Pat McFadden[lower-alpha 2] Conor McGinn Alison McGovern[lower-alpha 2] Liz McInnes Catherine McKinnell Jim McMahon Ed Miliband Madeleine Moon[lower-alpha 2] Jessica Morden Ian Murray[lower-alpha 2] Lisa Nandy Melanie Onn Chi Onwurah Albert Owen Teresa Pearce Matthew Pennycook Toby Perkins Jess Phillips[lower-alpha 2] Bridget Phillipson[lower-alpha 2] Stephen Pound[lower-alpha 2] Lucy Powell Jamie Reed[lower-alpha 2] Steve Reed Christina Rees Rachel Reeves Emma Reynolds[lower-alpha 2] Jonathan Reynolds Marie Rimmer Joan Ryan[lower-alpha 2] Barry Sheerman[lower-alpha 2] Paula Sherriff Gavin Shuker[lower-alpha 2] Andy Slaughter Ruth Smeeth[lower-alpha 2] Andrew Smith[lower-alpha 2] Angela Smith[lower-alpha 2] Jeff Smith Nick Smith Karin Smyth[lower-alpha 2] John Spellar[lower-alpha 2] Keir Starmer Jo Stevens Wes Streeting[lower-alpha 2] Gareth Thomas Nick Thomas-Symonds Stephen Timms[lower-alpha 2] Anna Turley Karl Turner Stephen Twigg Chuka Umunna[lower-alpha 2] Keith Vaz[lower-alpha 2] Alan Whitehead Phil Wilson[lower-alpha 2] John Woodcock[lower-alpha 2] Iain Wright Daniel Zeichner Members of the European Parliament (10) Paul Brannen[lower-alpha 2] Richard Corbett[lower-alpha 2] Seb Dance[lower-alpha 2] Theresa Griffin[lower-alpha 2] Richard Howitt[lower-alpha 2] David Martin[lower-alpha 2] Linda McAvan Catherine Stihler[lower-alpha 2] Derek Vaughan Glenis Willmott[lower-alpha 2] Supporting nominations[78][80][82] Constituency Labour Parties (53) Aberdeenshire West Altrincham and Sale West Ayr Barnsley East Basingstoke Batley and Spen Battersea Blaenau Gwent Bermondsey and Old Southwark Bethnal Green and Bow Charnwood Chipping Barnet Clydesdale Darlington Dartford Derby South Dumfriesshire (nominates jointly with Galloway and West Dumfries)[83] Ealing Central and Acton East Lothian Finchley and Golders Green Galloway and West Dumfries[83] (nominates jointly with Dumfriesshire) Glasgow Cathcart Great Grimsby Greenock and Inverclyde Heywood and Middleton Hornsey and Wood Green Inverness and Nairn Leicester East Middlesbrough South and East Cleveland Mitcham and Morden Moray Morley and Outwood Na h-Eileanan an Iar Newcastle upon Tyne North North East Fife Nottingham South Pontypridd Reading East Renfrewshire South Richmond Park Runnymede and Weybridge Rutherglen South Swindon Stevenage Strathkelvin and Bearsden Streatham Twickenham Uddingston and Bellshill Vauxhall Warrington South West Ham Westminster North Wimbledon Wrexham Affiliated trade unions (4) Community GMB Musicians' Union Union of Shop, Distributive and Allied Workers (USDAW) Socialist societies (3) Jewish Labour Movement Labour Movement for Europe Socialist Health Association
Undeclared						18/19 July: 89	35.46%
						20 July: 79	31.47%

Withdrew

Withdrawn candidates
Candidate	Born	Constituency	Most recent position	Announced	Campaign website (Slogan)	PLP/EPLP Nominations	Share
Angela Eagle (endorsed Owen Smith)[14]	17 February 1961 (age 63)	MP for Wallasey (1992–present)	Shadow First Secretary of State; Shadow Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills (2015–2016)	11 July 2016[9] Withdrew: 19 July 2016[14]	Angela4LabourLeader (Real Leadership)	18/19 July: 72	28.69%

Declined

• Hilary Benn, former Shadow Foreign Secretary; MP for Leeds Central^[84] (endorsed Angela Eagle, then Owen Smith)
• Yvette Cooper, former Shadow Home Secretary; candidate for Leader in 2015; MP for Normanton, Pontefract and Castleford^[85][86][87] (endorsed Owen Smith)
• Dan Jarvis, MP for Barnsley Central^[87][88][89] (endorsed Angela Eagle, then Owen Smith)
• Stephen Kinnock, MP for Aberavon^[88][90] (endorsed Angela Eagle, then Owen Smith)
• John McDonnell, Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer; candidate for Leader in 2007 (failed to be nominated) and 2010 (withdrew); MP for Hayes and Harlington^[91] (endorsed Jeremy Corbyn)
• Lisa Nandy, former Shadow Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change; MP for Wigan^[92] (endorsed Owen Smith)
• Keir Starmer, MP for Holborn and St Pancras; former Director of Public Prosecutions^[90] (endorsed Owen Smith)
• Chuka Umunna, former Shadow Business Secretary; candidate for Leader in 2015 (withdrew); MP for Streatham^[87][93] (endorsed Angela Eagle, then Owen Smith)
• Tom Watson, incumbent Deputy Leader; MP for West Bromwich East^[94][95][96] (endorsed Owen Smith)

Endorsements

Main article: Endorsements in the 2016 Labour Party leadership election (UK)

Debates

The Labour Party initially confirmed that there would be nine official debates between Corbyn and Smith; of which seven actually took place.^[97]

Date	Programme	Broadcaster	Location	Moderator
Thursday 4 August; 19.00	Choose Labour's next Prime Minister	The Labour Party	All Nations Centre	Catrin Haf Jones (journalist, ITV Cymru Wales)
Thursday 11 August; 19.00			Hilton Newcastle Gateshead	Sophy Ridge (Senior Political Correspondent, Sky News)
Wednesday 17 August; 09.00	Victoria Derbyshire	BBC News	Nottingham Trent University	Victoria Derbyshire (presenter, Victoria Derbyshire)
Thursday 18 August; 19.00	Choose Labour's next Prime Minister	The Labour Party	National Conference Centre	Carl Dinnen (Political Correspondent, ITV News)
Monday 22 August	Debate cancelled	Channel 4	London	N/A
Thursday 25 August; 19.00	Choose Labour's next Prime Minister	The Labour Party	Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre	Lindsay McIntosh (Scottish Political Editor, The Times)
Thursday 1 September	Debate cancelled	N/A	N/A	N/A
Tuesday 6 September; 19.00	Faith and the Future of Labour	Good Faith Partnership/ Oasis Trust	The Oasis Centre, Waterloo	Tim Livesey (former adviser to Archbishop Williams, former Chief of Staff to Ed Miliband)
Thursday 8 September; 21.00	Question Time	BBC One	Queen Elizabeth Hall, Oldham	David Dimbleby (presenter, Question Time)
Wednesday 14 September; 21.00	Corbyn v Smith: The Battle for Labour	Sky News	Sky Studios, Isleworth, London	Faisal Islam (Political Editor, Sky News)

1.^ Jeremy Corbyn refused to attend any debate hosted by Channel 4, Daily Mirror or The Guardian.^[98]

2.^ A location and media organisation were not established in time.

Opinion polling

The polls in this section have been undertaken by media pollsters known to use industry standard polling methods.

The polls below were conducted after nominations for the leadership ballot closed.

Polling of all eligible voters

The polls below show voting intention amongst all those eligible to vote in the leadership election (Labour Party members, registered supporters and affiliated supporters).

YouGov/The Times,[99] 25–29 August 2016, 1,236 eligible voters[lower-alpha 3]
Candidate	Full Party Members (Sample: 732)	Registered Supporters (Sample: 298)	Affiliated Supporters (Sample: 206)		Total selectorate (Sample: 1,236)
Jeremy Corbyn	57%	74%	62%		62%
Owen Smith	43%	26%	38%		38%

Polling of Labour Party councillors

The polls below asked Labour Party local councillors across the country how they planned to vote in the leadership election.

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Jeremy Corbyn	Owen Smith	Don't Know
Labour History Research/Anglia Ruskin University[100]	21–25 July 2016	350 Labour councillors[lower-alpha 4]	28%	60%	11%

Polling of Labour voters

The polls below asked Labour supporters across the country how they would vote in the leadership election if they were eligible.

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Jeremy Corbyn	Owen Smith	Don't Know	Would Not Vote
BMG Research/London Evening Standard[101]	11–15 August 2016	334 current Labour voters[lower-alpha 5]	66%	34%	–	–
ComRes/Sunday Mirror/Independent on Sunday[102]	10–12 August 2016	347 current Labour voters[lower-alpha 5]	47%	25%	28%	–
BMG Research/London Evening Standard[103]	22–26 July 2016	347 current Labour voters[lower-alpha 5]	75%	25%	–	–
Opinium/The Observer[104]	19–22 July 2016	~692 current Labour voters[lower-alpha 5]	54%	22%	20%	4%

Polling of British voters

The polls below asked voters across the country how they would vote in the leadership election if they were eligible.

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Jeremy Corbyn	Owen Smith	Don't Know	Would Not Vote
BMG Research/London Evening Standard[101]	11–15 August 2016	1,668 British residents[lower-alpha 6]	42%	58%	–	–
ComRes/Sunday Mirror/Independent on Sunday[102]	10–12 August 2016	2,017 British residents[lower-alpha 6]	23%	37%	40%	–
BMG Research/London Evening Standard[103]	22–26 July 2016	1,545 British residents[lower-alpha 6]	43%	57%	–	–

Polling before close of nominations

The polls below were conducted before nominations for the leadership closed and therefore may include Labour politicians who will not be candidates. Polls show both free choices among all candidates and constrained choices among particular pairs of candidates.

Poll source	Date(s)	Sample size	Jeremy Corbyn	Angela Eagle	Dan Jarvis	John McDonnell	Lisa Nandy	Owen Smith	Tom Watson	Other/Undecided
YouGov/The Times[105]	15–18 July 2016	1,031 Labour Party members[lower-alpha 7]	58%	34%	–	–	–	–	–	Others Would Not Vote 2% Undecided 5%
			56%	–	–	–	–	34%	–	Others Would Not Vote 3% Undecided 7%
			54%	21%	–	–	–	15%	–	Others Would Not Vote 1% Undecided 9%
YouGov/The Times[106]	27–30 June 2016	1,203 Labour Party members[lower-alpha 8]	36%	7%	9%	4%	2%	–	3%	Others Andy Burnham 10% Yvette Cooper 8% Chuka Umunna 8% Stella Creasy 2% Caroline Flint 1% Ben Bradshaw 0% Undecided 9%
			50%	–	–	–	–	–	39%	Others Would Not Vote 5% Undecided 6%
			50%	40%	–	–	–	–	–	Others Would Not Vote 4% Undecided 6%
			52%	–	35%	–	–	–	–	Others Would Not Vote 3% Undecided 10%
			–	–	–	39%	–	–	42%	Others Would Not Vote 7% Undecided 12%
			–	43%	–	38%	–	–	–	Others Would Not Vote 7% Undecided 13%
			–	–	36%	41%	–	–	–	Others Would Not Vote 6% Undecided 17%

Polling before the EU referendum

The polls below were conducted prior to the referendum on the United Kingdom's membership of the EU taking place. In the aftermath of this event, Jeremy Corbyn was accused by his opponents of undermining the campaign to remain in the European Union, and faced a string of significant resignations from his Shadow Cabinet.

Poll source	Date(s)	Sample size	Hilary Benn	Andy Burnham	Yvette Cooper	Jeremy Corbyn	Angela Eagle	Dan Jarvis	John McDonnell	Lisa Nandy	Owen Smith	Tom Watson	Other/ Undecided
YouGov/The Times[107]	9–11 May 2016	1,031 Labour Party members[lower-alpha 8]	4%	10%	8%	43%	2%	9%	6%	1%	1%	2%	Others Chuka Umunna 4% Keir Starmer 3% Ben Bradshaw 1% Caroline Flint 0% Margaret Hodge 0% Undecided 8%
YouGov/Election Data[108]	11–15 February 2016	1,217 members of the Labour Party selectorate[lower-alpha 9]	8%	7%	6%	43%	2%	8%	3%	1%	1%	2%	Others Chuka Umunna 6% Keir Starmer 2% Someone Else 2% Would Not Vote 1% Undecided 10
			15%	–	–	62%	12%	–	–	3%	–	3%	–
			20%	–	–	–	13%	15%	29%	6%	–	17%	–
			24%	–	–	–	19%	18%	–	10%	5%	23%	–

Result

Full result^[1]

Candidate		Party members		Registered supporters		Affiliated supporters		Total
		Votes	%	Votes	%	Votes	%	Votes		%
	Jeremy Corbyn Y	168,216	59.0	84,918	69.9	60,075	60.2	313,209		61.8
	Owen Smith	116,960	41.0	36,599	30.1	39,670	39.8	193,229		38.2

Turnout was 77.6%.^[1]

National breakdowns (Full Members only)

The following section shows how votes from full party members were cast within each nation of the UK.^[109] Breakdowns were not made available for registered supporters or affiliated supporters.

UK-wide

Candidate		Total
		Votes		%
	Jeremy Corbyn	168,216		59.0
	Owen Smith	116,960		41.0

England

Candidate		Total
		Votes		%
	Jeremy Corbyn	152,063		59.7
	Owen Smith	102,437		40.3

Scotland

Candidate		Total
		Votes		%
	Jeremy Corbyn	6,042		46.8
	Owen Smith	6,856		53.2

Wales

Candidate		Total
		Votes		%
	Jeremy Corbyn	8,507		55.7
	Owen Smith	6,758		44.3

Northern Ireland

Candidate		Total
		Votes		%
	Jeremy Corbyn	541		70.7
	Owen Smith	224		29.3

Aftermath

Corbyn went on to lead Labour into the 2017 general election, which saw Labour increase its share of the popular vote by 10 percentage points and win 30 more MPs than in 2015.^[110]

Owen Smith rejoined the Shadow Cabinet following the general election, with Corbyn appointing him Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland in June 2017.^[111]

On 23 March 2018, Corbyn sacked Smith from the Shadow Cabinet after Smith called for a second referendum on EU membership in The Guardian.^[112]

Corbyn led Labour into the 2019 general election, which saw Labour's worst election result since 1935 and a leadership election triggered. Smith announced his decision to stand down as an MP before the election, citing "personal and political reasons" in a letter to Corbyn.^[113]

See also

• Politics portal
• United Kingdom portal
• Socialism portal

• 2016 Conservative Party leadership election
• Evangelou v McNicol – the court case regarding the eligibility of new members to vote
• 2016 Green Party of England and Wales leadership election
• July–September 2016 UK Independence Party leadership election
• October–November 2016 UK Independence Party leadership election

Notes

1. The total number of MPs nominating Smith includes himself as he counts towards the minimum 51 nominating MP/MEPs required in order to be eligible for election.
2. Nominated Owen Smith after Angela Eagle withdrew from the race on 19 July 2016.
3. Eligible members, registered and affiliated supporters of the Labour Party.
4. Labour Party local councillors in 250 marginal constituencies.
5. People who state that they are likely to vote Labour in the next general election.
6. Residents over 18 in Great Britain.
7. Labour Party members who joined before 2016 so are eligible to vote in the leadership election.
8. People who are due-paying members of the Labour Party.
9. Eligible members and registered supporters of the Labour Party.

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External links

• News related to the 2016 Labour Party leadership election at Wikinews

• UK Labour MPs pass motion of no-confidence in leader Corbyn
• Angela Eagle drops out of UK labour leadership contest
• Labour Party UK members win right to vote in leadership contest