1080s
Decade From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The 1080s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1080, and ended on December 31, 1089.
1080
By place
Byzantine Empire
- Autumn – Nikephoros Melissenos, a Byzantine general and aristocrat, seizes control of what remains of Byzantine Asia Minor (modern Turkey), and proclaims himself emperor against Nikephoros III. Melissenos makes an alliance with Sultan Suleiman ibn Qutulmish and recruits many Turkish mercenaries to his army.[1]
Europe
- January 27 – Battle of Flarchheim: Emperor Henry IV defeats the forces led by the German anti-king Rudolf of Rheinfelden, duke of Swabia, near the town of Flarchheim (modern Germany).
- April 17 – King Harald III dies after a 4-year reign and is buried at Dalby Church in Scania (modern Sweden). He is succeeded by his brother Canute IV (the Holy) as ruler of Denmark.
- October 14 – Battle on the Elster: Rudolf of Rheinfelden defeats the imperial forces led by Henry IV at the Elster River. Rudolf dies the following day at Merseburg of wounds received.[2]
Britain
- May 14 – Walcher, bishop of Durham, is killed by rebel Northumbrians. King William I (the Conqueror) sends a punitive expedition led by his half-brother Odo of Bayeux to pacify Northumbria.[3]
- Autumn – Robert Curthose, a son of William I, is sent to invade Scotland. He reaches as far as Falkirk and forces King Malcolm III to agree to terms while building fortifications at Newcastle-on-Tyne.
- Osmund, bishop of Salisbury, builds Devizes Castle in Wiltshire.
Armenia
- The Rubenid Principality of Cilicia gains independence after its founder, Ruben I, succeeds in establishing his authority in the mountainous regions of Cilicia.
Africa
China
- Shen Kuo, Chinese polymath scientist and statesman, begins his defensive military campaign against the Tanguts of the Western Xia. He successfully defends the invasion route to Yanzhou (Shaanxi province).
By topic
Religion
- June 25 – Wibert of Ravenna is elected as anti-pope Clement III during the pro-imperial Synod of Brixen. Pope Gregory VII is deposed, signed in a decree by Henry IV.[5]
- King Alfonso VI (the Brave) of León and Castile establishes Latin liturgy in the Catholic Church, in place of the Hispanic Rite.
- Benno II, bishop of Osnabrück, founds the Benedictine abby of Iburg Castle (modern Germany).
- Al-Muqtadi caliph of Baghdad
- Pope Gregory VII
- Malik-Shah I Seljuk sultan
- Nizam al-Mulk
- Pope Victor III
- Pope Urban II
1080
- Adelard of Bath, English philosopher (d. 1152)
- Adolf III, German count of Berg and Hövel (d. 1152)
- Alberic of Ostia, French cardinal-bishop (d. 1148)
- Barthélemy de Jur, French bishop (approximate date)
- Cellach of Armagh (or Celsus), Irish archbishop (d. 1129)
- Egas Moniz o Aio, Portuguese nobleman (d. 1146)
- Eilika of Saxony, German noblewoman (d. 1142)
- Ermesinde of Luxembourg, countess of Namur (d. 1143)
- Guarinus of Palestrina, Italian cardinal-bishop (d. 1158)
- Harald Kesja (the Spear), king of Denmark (d. 1135)
- Helie of Burgundy, countess of Toulouse (d. 1141)
- Henry I, archbishop of Mainz (approximate date)
- Honorius Augustodunensis, French theologian (d. 1154)
- Ibn Tumart, Almoravid political leader (approximate date)
- Leo I, prince of Cilician Armenia (approximate date)
- Lhachen Utpala, Indian king of Ladakh (d. 1110)
- Magnus Erlendsson, Norse earl of Orkney (d. 1115)
- María Rodríguez, countess of Barcelona (d. 1105)
- Matilda of Scotland, queen of England (d. 1118)[32]
- Piotr Włostowic, Polish nobleman (approximate date)
- Reginald I (the One-Eyed), count of Bar (d. 1149)
- Richard Fitz Pons, Norman nobleman (d. 1129)
- Robert Pullen, English cardinal (approximate date)
- Rotrou III (the Great), French nobleman (d. 1144)
- Theresa, Portuguese queen and regent (d. 1130)
- Wanyan Zonghan, Chinese nobleman (d. 1136)
- Wulfric of Haselbury, English wonderworker (d. 1154)
1081
- Louis VI ("the Fat"), king of France (approximate date)
- Gruffydd ap Rhys, Welsh king of Deheubarth (d. 1137)
- Rudolf I, count of Bregenz and Chur (d. 1160)
- Satake Masayoshi, Japanese samurai (d. 1147)
- Suger, French abbot and historian (approximate date) (d. 1151)
- William I, count of Luxembourg (d. 1131)
- Zhang Bangchang, Chinese prime minister (d. 1127)
- Zhao Mingcheng, Chinese scholar-official (d. 1129)
1082
- June 7 – Huizong, emperor of the Song dynasty (d. 1135)
- November 11 – Ramon Berenguer III, count of Barcelona (d. 1132)
- Goswin of Anchin, French Benedictine monk and abbot (d. 1165)
- Mary of Scotland, countess of Boulogne (d. 1116)
- Minamoto no Yoshikuni, Japanese samurai (d. 1155)
- Muhammad I Tapar, sultan of the Seljuk Empire (d. 1118)
- Yaropolk II Vladimirovich, Grand Prince of Kiev (d. 1139)
- Approximate date
- Petronilla of Lorraine, countess and regent of Holland (d. 1144)
- Theotonius of Coimbra, Portuguese royal advisor (d. 1162)
- Ulrich of Attems, Italian nobleman
1083
- December 1 – Anna Komnene, Byzantine princess (d. 1153)
- Florine of Burgundy, French noblewoman and crusader (d. 1097)
- Li Gang, Chinese politician and Grand Chancellor (d. 1140)
- Qadi Iyad, Almoravid imam and chief judge (qadi) (d. 1149)
- Raymond du Puy, French knight and Grand Master (d. 1160)
- Shin Panthagu, Burmese Buddhist monk and primate (d. 1174)
- Viacheslav I Vladimirovich, Grand Prince of Kiev (d. 1154)
- Approximate date
- Jindřich Zdík (or Henry Zdík), bishop of Olomouc (d. 1150)
- Otto IV, count palatine of Bavaria (approximate date)
1084
- August 1 – Heonjong, Korean king of Goryeo (d. 1097)
- Alan I (le Noir), viscount of Rohan (d. 1147)
- Ali ibn Yusuf, ruler of the Almoravids (d. 1143)
- Bahram-Shah, ruler of the Ghaznavids (d. 1157)
- Charles I (the Good), count of Flanders (d. 1127)
- David I, king of Scotland (approximate date)
- Li Qingzhao, Chinese female poet and writer
- Rainier, margrave of Montferrat (approximate date)
- Rechungpa, Tibetan founder of the Kagyu school (d. 1161)
- Wang, Chinese empress of the Song dynasty (d. 1108)
1085
- September 19 – Maria Komnene, Byzantine princess
- Ahmad Sanjar, Seljuk ruler of Khorasan (approximate date)
- Alberich of Reims, archbishop of Bourges (approximate date)[33]
- Avempace, Andalusian polymath and philosopher (d. 1138)
- Constantine Komnenos, Byzantine aristocrat (approximate date)
- Elizabeth of Vermandois, English countess (approximate date)
- Floris II ("the Fat"), count of Holland (approximate date)
- Gilbert of Sempringham, English priest (approximate date)
- Imad ad-Din Zengi, Seljuk ruler of Mosul (approximate date)
- Meginhard I, count of Sponheim (approximate date)
- Otomae, Japanese female singer and musician (d. 1169)
- Otto II the Black, Moravian prince (approximate date)
- Ralph I (or Raoul), count of Vermandois (approximate date)
- Robert fitz Martin, Norman knight and nobleman (d. 1159)
- Stephen of Obazine, French priest and hermit (d. 1154)
- Waleran II, duke of Lower Lorraine (approximate date)
- William of Montevergine, Italian monk and abbot (d. 1142)
- William, Count of Sully ("the Simple"), French nobleman (approximate date)
- Zhang Zeduan, Chinese landscape painter (d. 1145)
- Zhu Bian, Chinese diplomat, poet and writer (d. 1144)
1086
- April 24 – Ramiro II ("the Monk"), king of Aragon (d. 1157)
- August 11 – Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1125)[34]
- August 20 – Bolesław III Wrymouth, duke of Poland (d. 1138)
- al-Shahrastani, Persian scholar and historian (d. 1153)
- Þorlákur Runólfsson, Icelandic bishop (d. 1133)
- Vicelinus, bishop of Oldenburg in Holstein (d. 1154)
- Zhang Jun, Chinese general and official (d. 1154)
1087
- September 13 – John II Komnenos, Byzantine emperor (d. 1143)
- Ibn Quzman, Andalusian poet and writer (approximate date)
- Reginald III (or Renaud), count of Burgundy (approximate date)
- Theoderich van Are (or Dietrich), German nobleman (d. 1126)
1088
- January 31 – Ja'far ibn Abdallah al-Muqtadi, son of caliph al-Muqtadi and Mah-i Mulk.
- July 24 – Ibn al-Arif, Moorish Sufi scholar and writer (d. 1141)
- November 7 – Hemachandra, Indian Jain poet and polymath (d. 1173)
- Bermudo Pérez de Traba, Spanish nobleman (d. 1168)
- Irene of Hungary, Byzantine empress consort (d. 1134)
- John IV, Byzantine prince and archbishop (approximate date)
- Lucienne de Rochefort, French crown princess (d. 1137)
- Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair, Irish king of Connacht (d. 1156)
- William III of Mâcon (or William IV of Burgundy), French nobleman (d. 1156)
- Zhenxie Qingliao, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk (d. 1151)
1089
- Abraham ibn Ezra, Jewish rabbi and philosopher (d. 1167) (approximate date)
- Berthold of Zwiefalten, German abbot and writer (d. 1169) (approximate date)
- Dahui Zonggao, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk (d. 1163)
- Han Shizhong, Chinese general of the Northern Song dynasty (d. 1151)
- Mahsati, Persian female poet and writer (approximate date)
- Richard de Luci, Norman High Sheriff of Essex (d. 1179)
- Sigurd the Crusader, king of Norway (d. 1130)
- Wulgrin II, count of Angoulême (approximate date)
1080
- January 26 – Amadeus II, count of Savoy (b. 1050)
- April 17 – Harald III, king of Denmark (b. 1040)
- May 14 – Walcher, bishop of Durham
- July 5 – Ísleifur Gissurarson, Icelandic bishop (b. 1006)
- October 15 – Rudolf of Rheinfelden, duke of Swabia[2]
- Abraham, bishop of St. David's (approximate date)
- Aristakes Lastivertsi, Armenian historian (b. 1002)
- Bertha of Blois, duchess of Brittany (approximate date)
- Haakon Ivarsson, Norwegian jarl (b. 1027)
- Lhachen Gyalpo, Indian king of Ladakh (b. 1050)
- Michael Attaleiates, Byzantine historian and writer
- Muhammad ibn Abbas, ruler of the Ghurid Dynasty
1081
- January/February – Ibn Hayyus, Syrian poet and panegyrist (b. 1003)
- April 2/3 – Bolesław II the Bold (or "the Generous"), king of Poland (or 1082)
- June – Bernard of Menthon, French priest and saint
- September 1 – Eusebius (or Bruno), bishop of Angers
- October 18
- Konstantios Doukas, Byzantine emperor (b. 1060)
- Nikephoros Palaiologos, Byzantine general
- December 10 – Nikephoros III, Byzantine emperor
- December 21 – Abu al-Walid al-Baji, Moorish scholar and poet (b. 1013)
- Abelard of Hauteville, Italo-Norman nobleman
- Artau I, count of Pallars Sobirà (approximate date)
- Caradog ap Gruffydd, prince of Gwent, killed in battle
- Jōjin, Japanese Tendai monk and writer (b. 1011)
- Mihailo ("King of the Slavs"), Serbian king of Duklja
- Trahaearn ap Caradog, Welsh king of Gwynedd, killed in battle (b. 1044)
1082
- April 2/3 (or 1081) – Bolesław II the Bold, king of Poland
- December 5 – Ramon Berenguer II, count of Barcelona
- Arsen Ninotsmindeli, Georgian bishop and calligrapher
- David of Munktorp, English Cluniac monk and abbot
- Lothair Udo II, margrave of the Nordmark
- Waleran I (or Walram), count of Arlon and Limburg
- Approximate date – Robert de Grandmesnil, Norman nobleman
1083
- January 6
- Gonzalo Salvadórez, Spanish nobleman
- Ramiro Garcés, Spanish nobleman
- Sancho Garcés, Spanish nobleman
- January 11 – Otto of Nordheim, duke of Bavaria
- September 2 – Munjong of Goryeo, Korean ruler (b. 1019)
- November 2 – Matilda of Flanders, queen consort of England
- December 5 – Sunjong of Goryeo, Korean ruler (b. 1047)
- Adelelm of Jumièges, Norman monk and abbot
- Basil Apokapes (or Apocapes), Byzantine general
- Ermengarde of Tonnerre, French noblewoman
- Nicodemus of Palermo, Italian bishop and saint
- Touzi Yiqing, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk (d. 1032)
- Zeng Gong, Chinese scholar and historian (b. 1019)
- Approximate date – Theodora Doukaina Selvo, Venetian dogaressa (b. 1058)
1084
- February 16 – Siegfried I, archbishop of Mainz
- June 28 – Ekkehard of Huysburg, German abbot
- October 10 – Gilla Pátraic, bishop of Dublin
- November 20 – Otto II, margrave of Montferrat
- Aghsartan I, Georgian king of Kakheti and Hereti
- Fujiwara no Kenshi, Japanese empress (b. 1057)
- Halsten Stenkilsson, king of Sweden (approximate date)
- Herfast (or Arfast), Norman Lord Chancellor
- Hoël II, duke of Brittany (House of Cornouaille)
- Saw Lu, king of the Pagan Kingdom (b. 1049)
1085
- January 3 – Williram of Ebersberg, German abbot
- April 1 – Shenzong, emperor of Song dynasty China (b. 1048)
- May 25 – Gregory VII, pope of the Catholic Church
- May 27 – Gundred, Countess of Surrey (or Gundreda), English noblewoman
- June 19 – Vitalis of Bernay, Norman monk and abbot
- July 17 – Robert Guiscard, Norman warrior and nobleman
- August 19 – Al-Juwayni, Persian scholar and imam (b. 1028)
- September 20 – Hermann II, German nobleman (b. 1049)
- Alfanus I (or Alfano), Italian physician and archbishop
- Al-Lakhmi, Fatimid scholar, jurist and writer (b. 1006)
- Cheng Hao, Chinese neo-Confucian philosopher (b. 1032)
- Maitripada, Indian Buddhist philosopher (b. 1007)
- Osbern Giffard, Norman nobleman (approximate date)
- Wang Gui, Chinese official and chancellor (b. 1019)
- Yūsuf Balasaguni, Karakhanid statesman (b. 1019)
1086
- March 15 – Richilde, countess and regent of Flanders
- March 18 – Anselm of Lucca, Italian bishop (b. 1036)
- May 21 – Wang Anshi, Chinese chancellor (b. 1021)
- July 10 – Canute IV ("the Holy"), king of Denmark
- July 14 – Toirdelbach Ua Briain, Irish king (b. 1009)
- July 17 – García Ramírez, Aragonese bishop
- August 8 – Conrad I, count of Luxembourg (b. 1040)
- September 25 – William VIII, duke of Aquitaine
- October 11 – Sima Guang, Chinese politician (b. 1019)
- October 23 – Rodrigo Muñoz, Galician nobleman
- December 25 – Judith of Bohemia, duchess of Poland
- Gregory Pakourianos, Byzantine politician and general, killed in battle
- Huizong, Chinese emperor (Western Xia) (b. 1060)
- Mael Ísu Ua Brolcháin, Irish monk and writer
- Muhammad ibn Ammar, Moorish poet (b. 1031)
- Odo I of Furneaux (or 'Eudes'), French nobleman (b. 1040)
- Suleiman ibn Qutulmish, ruler of the Sultanate of Rum, killed in battle
1087
- June 9 – Otto I ("the Fair"), prince of Olomouc (b. 1045)
- June 27 – Henry I the Long, margrave of the Nordmark
- September 9 – William the Conqueror, king of England[35]
- September 16 – Victor III, pope of the Catholic Church
- September 25 – Simon I, French nobleman (b. 1025)
- November 12 – William I, French nobleman (b. 1020)
- December 13 – Maria Dobroniega, duchess of Poland
- December 27 – Bertha of Savoy, Holy Roman Empress (b. 1051)
- Abu Bakr ibn Umar, military leader of the Almoravids
- Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī, Arab astrologer (b. 1029)
- Arnold of Soissons (or Arnoul), French bishop (b. 1040)
- Asma bint Shihab, queen and co-regent of Yemen
- Blot-Sweyn, king of Svealand (approximate date)
- Eustace II, count of Boulogne (approximate date)
- Leo Diogenes, Byzantine co-emperor (b. 1069)
- Solomon (or Salomon), king of Hungary (b. 1053)
- Yaropolk Izyaslavich, prince of Turov and Volhyn
1088
- January 6 – Berengar of Tours, French theologian
- April 7 – Burchard II (or Bucco), German bishop
- June 15 – Gebhard of Salzburg, German archbishop
- June 24 – William de Warenne, Norman nobleman
- July 27 – Benno II, German bishop and architect
- September 25 – Godfrey, English bishop of Chichester
- September 28 – Hermann of Salm, German nobleman
- Alberic of Monte Cassino, German Benedictine cardinal
- Berthold of Reichenau, German chronicler and writer
- Dubh Chablaigh ingen Áed, Irish queen consort of Munster
- Hugh de Montfort, Lord of Montfort-sur-Risle, Norman nobleman (approximate date)
- John Doukas, Byzantine usurper (approximate date)
- Khwaja Abdullah Ansari, Persian Sufi poet (b. 1006)
- Mael Isa ua Máilgiric, Irish Chief Ollam and writer
- Marianus Scotus of Regensburg, Irish-born abbot (approximate date)
- Nasir Khusraw, Persian poet and philosopher (b. 1004) (latest date)
- Nasir ibn Alnas, Berber ruler of the Hammadids
- Ranulf I of Caiazzo (or Rainulf), Italo-Norman nobleman
- Rhiryd ap Bleddyn, Welsh king of Powys (b. 1049)
- Tigernach Ua Braín, Irish abbot and writer
1089
- April 20 (possible date) – Demetrius Zvonimir, king of Croatia and Dalmatia
- May 24 – Lanfranc, Italian-born archbishop of Canterbury
- May 29/30 – Mah-i Mulk Khatun wife of caliph al-Muqtadi (r. 1075–1094).
- May 31 – Sigwin von Are, archbishop of Cologne
- October 6 – Adalbero, Prince-Bishop of Würzburg
- November 11 – Peter Igneus, Italian cardinal-bishop
- December 22 – William the Walloon, French abbot
- Agnes of Aquitaine, French-born countess consort of Savoy
- Donnchad mac Domnaill Remair, Irish king of Dublin, killed (approximate date)
- Durandus of Troarn, French monk and theologian
- Isaac ibn Ghiyyat, Spanish Jewish rabbi and philosopher
- Mieszko Bolesławowic, Polish prince of Kraków
- Renauld II, French count of Nevers and Auxerre
- Theobald III, Count of Blois (or Thibaut), French nobleman
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