1060s

The 1060s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1060, and ended on December 31, 1069.

1060

This section is transcluded from 1060. (edit | history)

By place

Europe

• August 4 – King Henry I of France (of the House of Capet) dies after a 29-year reign in Vitry-aux-Loges. He is succeeded by his 8-year-old son Philip I ("the Amorous") as king of France. Philip is too young to rule, and his mother, Queen Anne of Kiev becomes regent. France is administered by Count Baldwin V (one of Philip's uncles) who acts as co-regent.^[1][2][3]
• Summer – Norman forces under Duke Robert Guiscard invade Apulia, and capture the cities of Taranto and Brindisi (under control of the Byzantine Empire). Guiscard prepares a Sicilian expedition against the Saracens and returns to Calabria (Southern Italy), where his brother Roger Bosso waits with siege engines.^[4][5][6]
• December 6 – Béla I ("the Champion") is crowned king of Hungary after his nephew, Solomon is deprived of the crown. He is supported by Duke Bolesław II the Generous – who helps him (with Polish troops) to obtain the Hungarian throne.^[7][8][9]

China

• The compilation of the New Book of Tang is completed, under a team of scholars led by Ouyang Xiu.^[10][11][12]

Middle East

• August 30 — The Mirdasids under Mahmud ibn Nasr defeat the Fatimid Caliphate's army under Nasir al-Dawla Ibn Hamdan at the Battle of al-Funaydiq, leading to the definitive loss of Aleppo for the Fatimids.^[13]

By topic

Religion

• Anselm enters the Benedictine Bec Abbey in Normandy, as a novice (approximate date).^[14][15][16]

Significant people

• William the Conqueror
• Harold Godwinson
• Harald Hardrada
• Edward the Confessor
• Edgar the Ætheling
• Tostig Godwinson
• Al-Qa'im
• Tughril
• Alp Arslan

Births

Transcluding articles: 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1068, and 1069

1060

• February 9 – Honorius II, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1130)^[56]
• September 18 – Godfrey of Bouillon, French nobleman (d. 1100)^[57][58][59]
• September 22 – Vitalis of Savigny, Catholic saint and itinerant preacher (d. 1122)^[60]
• Ava (or Ava of Göttweig), German poet (approximate date)^[61][62]
• Aibert (or Aybert), French monk and hermit (d. 1140)^[63][64]
• Bernard degli Uberti, bishop of Parma (approximate date)^[65][66]
• Berthold I, German nobleman (approximate date)^[67]
• Berthold of Garsten, German priest and abbot (d. 1142)^[68]
• Brahmadeva, Indian mathematician (d. 1130)^[69][70]
• Clementia of Aquitaine, French noblewoman (d. 1142)^[71]
• Diarmait Ua Briain, king of Munster (d. 1118)^{[citation needed]}
• Duncan II, king of Scotland (approximate date)^[72]
• Constantius Ducas, Byzantine emperor (d. 1081)^[73]
• Diemoth (or Diemudis), German nun and writer (d. 1130)^[74][75]
• Egbert II, German nobleman (approximate date)^{[citation needed]}
• Erard I, French nobleman (approximate date)^[76]
• Eric I (the Good), king of Denmark (approximate date)^{[citation needed]}
• Felicia of Roucy, queen of Aragon and Navarre (d. 1123)^{[citation needed]}
• Fujiwara no Mototoshi, Japanese nobleman (d. 1142)^[77][78][79]
• Gaucherius, French priest and hermit (d. 1140)^[80][81][82]
• Godfrey I, count of Louvain (approximate date)^[83][84][85]
• Goswin I, count of Heinsberg (approximate date)^[86]
• Gregory of Catino, Italian monk and historian^[87][88][89]
• Hamelin de Ballon, Norman nobleman (approximate date)^[90][91]
• Herman II, margrave of Baden (approximate date)^[92]
• Hui Zong, Chinese emperor (Western Xia) (d. 1086)^[93]
• Mafalda of Pulla-Calabria, Norman noblewoman (d. 1108)^[94][95][96]
• Odo of Tournai, bishop of Cambrai (d. 1113)^[97][98][99]
• Odo I (the Red), duke of Burgundy (d. 1102)^[100]
• Olegarius, archbishop of Tarragona (d. 1137)^[101][102]
• Ranulf Flambard, bishop of Durham (d. 1128)^{[103][104][105]}
• Richard of Salerno, Norman nobleman (approximate date)
• Roger Borsa, Norman nobleman (or 1061)^{[106][107][108]}
• Stephen Harding, English abbot (approximate date)
• Tokushi, Japanese empress consort (d. 1114)^{[109][110][111]}
• Walo II (or Galon II), French nobleman (d. 1098)^{[112][citation needed]}

1061

• Al-Maziri, Zirid imam, jurist and scholar (d. 1141)
• Al-Tughrai, Persian poet and alchemist (d. 1121)
• Roger Borsa, duke of Apulia and Calabria (or 1060)
• Wuyashu, chieftain of the Wanyan tribe (d. 1113)

1062

• Bjørn Svendsen, Danish nobleman (approximate date)
• Fujiwara no Moromichi, Japanese nobleman (d. 1099)
• Nicephorus Bryennius, Byzantine statesman (d. 1137)
• Nicephorus Komnenos, Byzantine aristocrat

1063

• Eight Deer Jaguar Claw (or 8 Deer), Mixtec ruler (d. 1115)
• Yuanwu Keqin, Chinese Chan Buddhist monk (d. 1135)

1064

• Adela of Flanders, queen of Denmark (approximate date)
• Beatrice I, countess of Bigorre (approximate date)
• Bořivoj II (or Borivoi), duke of Bohemia (approximate date)
• Danxia Zichun, Chinese Zen Buddhist monk (d. 1117)
• Hugh of Flavigny, French abbot (approximate date)
• Robert Fitz Richard, English nobleman (d. 1136)

1065

• Agnes of Rheinfelden, duchess of Swabia (d. 1111)
• Callixtus II, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1124)
• Guarinus of Sitten, bishop of Sion (approximate date)
• Henry I (the Long), German nobleman (d. 1087)
• Hugh VII of Lusignan, count of La Marche (d. 1151)
• Humbert II (the Fat), count of Savoy (d. 1103)
• Li Jie, Chinese writer of the Song Dynasty (d. 1110)
• Niels (or Nicholas), king of Denmark (d. 1134)
• Richard de Montfort, French nobleman (d. 1092)
• Robert II, count of Flanders (approximate date)
• Sibylla of Burgundy, duchess of Burgundy (approximate date)
• Stephen I, count palatine of Burgundy (d. 1102)
• Vladislaus I, duke of Bohemia (approximate date)
• Walter Tirel (or William Rufus), English nobleman

1066

• February 22 – Lý Nhân Tông, Vietnamese emperor (d. 1128)
• Al-Afdal Shahanshah, vizier of the Fatimid Caliphate (d. 1121)
• Gilbert Fitz Richard, English nobleman (approximate date)
• Godfrey of Amiens, French abbot and bishop (d. 1115)
• Henry, count of Portugal (House of Burgundy) (d. 1112)
• Irene Doukaina (or Ducaena), Byzantine empress (d. 1138)
• Wang Cha-ji, Korean politician and general (d. 1122)

1067

• Abu Hafs Umar an-Nasafi, Persian scholar and historian (d. 1142)
• Adela of Normandy, countess of Blois (approximate date)
• Ari Thorgilsson, Icelandic chronicler and writer (d. 1148)
• John Taronites, Byzantine governor (approximate date)

1068

• August 1 – Taizu (Aguda), emperor of the Jin Dynasty (d. 1123)
• Abu al-Salt, Moorish astronomer and polymath (approximate date)
• Ermengarde of Anjou, duchess of Aquitaine and Brittany (d. 1146)
• Haakon Magnusson (Toresfostre), king of Norway (d. 1095)
• Henry I, king of England (approximate date) (d. 1135)
• Peter I, king of Aragon (approximate date)
• Robert de Ferrers, 1st Earl Derby (d. 1139)

1069

• Anseau of Garlande, French nobleman (d. 1118)
• Kamakura Gongorō Kagemasa, Japanese samurai
• Leo Diogenes, Byzantine co-emperor (d. 1087)
• Approximate date
  • Mieszko Bolesławowic, Polish prince (d.1089)
  • Diego Gelmírez, Galician archbishop

Deaths

Transcluding articles: 1060, 1061, 1062, 1063, 1064, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1068, and 1069

1060

• January 18 – Duduc (or Dudoc), bishop of Wells^{[113][114][115]}
• May 12 – Matilda, duchess of Swabia (d. 1048)^[116][117]
• August 4 – Henry I, king of France (b. 1008)^{[118][119][120]}
• October 2 – Everelmus, French hermit^[121][122]
• October 8 – Hugh V, French nobleman^{[123][124][125]}
• October 15 – Luka Zhidiata, bishop of Novgorod^[126][127]
• November 14 – Geoffrey II, count of Anjou^{[128][129][130]}
• December 2 – Gebhard III, bishop of Regensburg^{[131][132][133]}
• December 22 – Cynesige, archbishop of York^{[134][135][136]}
• Abbas ibn Shith, king (malik) of the Ghurid Dynasty^[137]
• Abdallah ibn Al-Aftas, founder of the Aftasid Dynasty^[138]
• Ahimaaz ben Paltiel, Italian-Jewish liturgical poet (b. 1017)^{[139][140][141]}
• Andrew I (the Catholic), king of Hungary^{[142][143][144]}
• Chaghri Beg, co-ruler of the Seljuk Empire (b. 989)^{[145][146][147]}
• Dharma Pala, ruler of the Pala Dynasty (b. 1035)^[148]
• Dominic Loricatus, Italian monk and hermit (b. 995)^{[149][150][151]}
• Emund the Old, king of Sweden (approximate date)^{[152][153][154]}
• Esico of Ballenstedt, German nobleman (approximate date)^[155][156]
• Igor Yaroslavich, prince of Smolensk (b. 1036)^[157]
• Isaac I (Komnenos), Byzantine emperor^[158][159]
• Mei Yaochen, poet of the Song Dynasty (b. 1002)^{[160][161][162]}
• Otto I (or Odon), count of Savoy (approximate date)^{[163][164][165]}
• Pons II (or Pons William), count of Toulouse (b. 991)^{[166][167][168]}
• William I, Norman nobleman (approximate date)^[169][170]

1061

• January 28 – Spytihněv II, duke of Bohemia (b. 1031)
• May 5 – Humbert of Moyenmoutier, French cardinal
• June 28 – Floris I, count of Friesland (west of the Vlie)
• July 13 – Beatrice I, German abbess of Quedlinburg (b. 1037)
• July 27 – Nicholas II, pope of the Catholic Church
• Adelmann, bishop of Brescia (approximate date)
• Ali ibn Ridwan, Arab physician and astronomer (approximate date)
• Burgheard, English nobleman
• Burkhard I, Lord of Zollern (or Burchardus), German nobleman, killed
• Conrad III, Duke of Carinthia (or Konrad), German nobleman
• Gardizi, Persian geographer and historian
• Henry I, Count Palatine of Lotharingia (or Heinrich), German nobleman
• Rajaraja Narendra, Indian ruler (b. 1022)
• Rúaidhri Ua Flaithbheartaigh, Irish king of Iar Connacht, killed
• Song Qi (Zijing), Chinese statesman and historian (b. 998)

1062

• January 27 – Adelaide of Hungary, German duchess
• February 2 – Atenulf I, Lombard nobleman
• March 9 – Herbert II, French nobleman
• May 20 – Bao Zheng, Chinese politician (b. 999)
• October 22
  • Abe no Sadato, Japanese nobleman
  • Fujiwara no Tsunekiyo, Japanese nobleman
• Abu Mansur Fulad Sutun, Buyid emir of Fars
• Al-Mu'izz ibn Badis, Zirid ruler of Ifriqiya (b. 1008)
• Al-Quda'i, Fatimid preacher and historian
• Emma of Provence, French noblewoman
• Geoffrey I, French nobleman (approximate date)
• Mu'izz al-Dawla Thimal, Mirdasid emir of Aleppo
• Nissim ben Jacob, Tunisian Jewish rabbi (b. 990)
• William IV, count of Weimar and Orlamünde
• Ibn al-Timnah, Emir of Syracuse

1063

• March 21 – Richeza of Lotharingia, queen of Poland
• April 30 – Ren Zong, emperor of the Song Dynasty (b. 1010)
• May 8 – Ramiro I, king of Aragon (House of Jiménez)
• August 5 – Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, king of Gwynedd
• August 9 – Constantine III, Byzantine patriarch
• September 3 – Henry II, archbishop of Augsburg
• September 4 – Tughril, sultan of the Seljuk Empire (b. 990)
• September 11 – Béla I (the Champion), king of Hungary
• December 7 – Qutalmish, prince of the Seljuk Empire
• Gotebald (or Gotebold), patriarch of Aquileia
• Hedwig (or Advisa), countess of Nevers
• Hilduin IV, count of Montdidier and Roucy
• Pang Ji, Chinese official and chancellor (b. 988)
• Sudislav Vladimirovich, prins of Pskov
• Sylvester III, pope of the Catholic Church

1064

• August 15 – Ibn Hazm, Andalusian historian and poet (b. 994)
• November 29 – Al-Kunduri, vizier of the Seljuk Empire (b. 1024)
• December 19 – Fujiwara no Nagaie, Japanese nobleman (b. 1005)
• Akkadevi, princess of the Chalukya dynasty (b. 1010)
• Dromtön, Tibetan monk and founder of Reting Monastery
• Dub dá Leithe (or Dubhdalethe), Irish abbot
• Gozelo I (or Gozelon), count of Montaigu
• Llywelyn Aurdorchog, Welsh nobleman (approximate date)
• Yaakov ben Yakar, German Jewish rabbi (b. 990)
• Yi Yuanji, Chinese painter (approximate date)

1065

• February 7 – Siegfried I, count of Sponheim
• May 17 – Egilbert (or Engelbert), bishop of Passau
• May 18 – Frederick, duke of Lower Lorraine
• June 27 – George the Hagiorite, Georgian calligrapher (b. 1009)
• July 22 – Ibn Abi Hasina, Arab poet and panegyrist (b. 998)
• July 23 – Gunther of Bamberg, German nobleman
• December 24 – Ferdinand I (the Great), king of León and Castile
• Diarmaid mac Tadgh Ua Ceallaigh, king of Uí Maine
• Ermengol III (or Armengol), count of Urgell (b. 1032)
• Gisela (or Gizella), queen consort of Hungary (b. 985)
• Gomes Echigues, Portuguese knight and governor (b. 1010)
• Gusiluo, Tibetan religious leader of Buddhism (b. 997)
• Llywelyn Aurdorchog, Welsh nobleman (approximate date)
• Thorfinn (the Mighty), Norse nobleman (approximate date)

1066

• January 5 – Edward the Confessor, king of England^[171]
• February 3 – Rostislav of Tmutarakan, Kievan Rus' prince (b. 1038)
• February 12 – Everard I of Breteuil, French nobleman
• March 26 – Ibn Sidah, Moorish linguist and lexicographer (b. 1007)
• April 9 – Al-Bayhaqi, Persian Sunni hadith scholar (b. 994)
• May 21 – Su Xun, Chinese scholar and writer (b. 1009)
• June 6 – Gottschalk (or Godescalc), Obotrite prince
• June 27 – Arialdo, Italian nobleman and deacon
• August 15 – Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la, Arab Hanbali scholar (b. 990)
• September 25 (killed at the Battle of Stamford Bridge):
  • Eystein Orre, Norwegian nobleman
  • Harald III (Harald Hardrada), king of Norway
  • Tostig Godwinson, earl of Northumbria
• September 25 – Maria Haraldsdotter, Norwegian princess
• October 14 (killed at the Battle of Hastings):
  • Harold II (Harold Godwinson), king of England
  • Leofwine Godwinson, brother of Harold II
  • Gyrth Godwinson, brother of Harold II
  • Taillefer, Norman minstrel
• November 10 – John Scotus, bishop of Mecklenburg
  • Sacrificed to Radegast, the god of hospitality.
• November 14 – Fujiwara no Akihira, Japanese nobleman
• December 11 – Conan II, duke of Brittany
• December 30 – Yusuf ibn Naghrela, Jewish vizier
• Abu al-Hakam al-Kirmani, Moorish philosopher
• Ali al-Sulayhi, sultan of Yemen and Tihamah (b. 966)
• Conrad of Pfullingen, archbishop of Trier
• Herluin de Conteville, Norman nobleman (b. 1001)
• Kraft of Meissen (or Crafto), German bishop
• Reiner of Meissen (or Rainer), German bishop
• Śrīpati, Indian astronomer and mathematician (b. 1019)
• Theobald of Provins, French hermit (b. 1033)
• Udayadityavarman II, Cambodian ruler^[172]
• Yahya of Antioch, Byzantine historian^[173]

1067

• January 25 – Ying Zong, Chinese emperor (b. 1032)
• February 13 – Geoffrey II, French nobleman
• April 17 – Robert de Turlande, French priest
• May 22 – Constantine X, Byzantine emperor (b. 1006)
• July 12 – John Komnenos, Byzantine general
• September 1 – Baldwin V, count of Flanders
• November 27 – Sancha of León, queen of León
• December 2 – Shaykh Tusi, Persian Shia scholar (b. 995)
• Aedh Ua Con Ceanainn, king of Uí Díarmata
• Bahmanyār, Persian philosopher and logician
• Cai Xiang, Chinese calligrapher and poet (b. 1012)
• Elisaveta Yaroslavna of Kiev, Norwegian queen
• Eric and Eric, Swedish throne pretenders
• Gervais de Château-du-Loir, French nobleman (b. 1007)
• Muireadhach Ua Cárthaigh, Irish chief poet
• Richard, French nobleman (House of Normandy)
• Wulfwig (or Wulfinus), bishop of Dorchester

1068

• January 11 – Egbert I, margrave of Meissen
• May 22 – Go-Reizei, emperor of Japan (b. 1025)
• November 10 – Agnes of Burgundy, duchess of Aquitaine
• Abulchares, Byzantine general and catepan
• Ali ibn Yusuf al-Ilaqi, Persian physician
• Argyrus, Lombard nobleman and general
• Böritigin, ruler of Transoxiana (Kara-Khanid Khanate)
• Choe Chung, Korean Confucian scholar (b. 984)
• Eadnoth the Constable, English landowner
• Ralph the Staller, English nobleman
• William IV (or Guillem), French nobleman
• William of Montreuil, Italo-Norman duke
• Yi Zong, emperor of Western Xia (b. 1047)
• Vijayaditya VI, king of the Eastern Chalukyas (unconfirmed)

1069

• January 28 – Robert de Comines, English nobleman
• February 28 – Abbad II al-Mu'tadid, Abbadid king
• April 28 – Magnus II (Haraldsson), king of Norway
• August 15 – Ibn Hazm, Moorish historian (b. 994)
• September 11 – Ealdred, archbishop of York
• December 24 – Dedi II (the Younger), margrave of Lower Lusatia (b. c.997)
• Godfrey III (the Bearded), duke of Lower Lorraine
• Gytha Thorkelsdóttir, Danish noblewoman (b. 997)
• Pedro Seguin (or Seguini), bishop of Ourense
• Tilopa, Indian tantric practitioner (b. 988)
• Approximate date – Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn, Welsh king (b. c.1020)

References

1. Fößel, Amalie (2013). "The Political Traditions of Female Rulership in Medieval Europe". In Bennett, Judith M.; Karras, Ruth Mazo (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of Women and Gender in Medieval Europe. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 70. ISBN 9780199582174.
2. Jestice, Phyllis G. (2018). Imperial Ladies of the Ottonian Dynasty: Women and Rule in Tenth-Century Germany. Queenship and Power. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. p. 220. ISBN 9783319773063.
3. Oksanen, Eljas (2012). "Appendix I: Timeline". Flanders and the Anglo-Norman World, 1066-1216. Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought. Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 257. ISBN 9780521760997.
4. Blewitt, Octavian (1853). "Chapter 16: Chronological Tables". Handbook for Travellers in Southern Italy: Being a Guide for the Continental Portion of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, Including the City of Naples and Its Suburbs, Pompeii, Herculaneum, Vesuvius, the Islands of the Bay of Naples, and That Portion of the Papal States, Which Lies Between the Contorni of Rome and the Neapolitan Frontier. London, Paris and Florence: John Murray. pp. lxxix.
5. Via, Anthony P. (2017). "Tancred of Hauteville, Son of". In Kleinhenz, Christopher (ed.). Medieval Italy: An Encyclopedia. Routledge Revivals. London and New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 1069. ISBN 9781351664431.
6. Chronological Tables: Comprehending the Chronology and History of the World, from the Earliest Records to the Close of the Russian War. Vol. First Division: Ancient and Medieval History A.M. 1 to A.D. 1500. London and Glasgow: Richard Griffin. 1857. p. 189.
7. Richard Brzezinski (1998). History of Poland - The Piast Dynasty, p. 19. ISBN 83-7212-019-6.
8. Borovský, Jozef (2019). "Chapter 5: Cultus Imperium - Imperial Ungaria". Chrysalis: Metamorphosis of Odium. Victoria, Canada: FriesenPress. pp. 243–244. ISBN 9781525547690.
9. Oța, Silviu (2014). The Mortuary Archaeology of the Medieval Banat (10th-14th Centuries). Leiden and Boston: BRILL. p. 86. ISBN 9789004281578.
10. Ning, Chia (2016). "Dynastic histories". In Dillon, Michael (ed.). Encyclopedia of Chinese History. London and New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 170. ISBN 9781317817161.
11. Wan, Lei (2017). "The Earliest Record on Sino-Arab Maritime Route in a Chinese Official Dynastic Book". The First Chinese Travel Record on the Arab World: Commercial and Diplomatic Communications during the Islamic Golden Age. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: مركز الملك فيصل للبحوث والدراسات الإسلامية (King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies). p. 25. ISBN 9786038206218.
12. Sung, Chia-fu (2016-11-29). "An Ambivalent Historian: Ouyang Xiu and His New Histories". T'oung Pao. 102 (4–5): 358–406. doi:10.1163/15685322-10245P03. ISSN 0082-5433.
13. Bianquis, Thierry (1989). Damas et la Syrie sous la domination fatimide (359-468/969-1076). Deuxième tome (in French). Presses de l’Ifpo. pp. 569–571. doi:10.4000/books.ifpo.6458. ISBN 978-2-35159-526-8.
14. Saint Anselm (Archbishop of Canterbury) (2008). "Introduction: Anselm's Life and Works". In Davies, Brian; G. R., Evans (eds.). Anselm of Canterbury: The Major Works. Oxford World's Classics. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. pp. vii. ISBN 9780199540082.
15. Vaughn, Sally N. (1987). "Two: St. Anselm and Bec: Novice, Monk, Prior and Abbot, 1033 - 1092". Anselm of Bec and Robert of Meulan: The Innocence of the Dove and the Wisdom of the Serpent. Berkeley, CA, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press. p. 19. ISBN 9780520056749.
16. Vaughn, Sally N. (2016). "Chapter 2. The Bec Background: A Missionary Mentality". Archbishop Anselm 1093–1109: Bec Missionary, Canterbury Primate, Patriarch of Another World. London and New York: Routledge. p. 23. ISBN 9781317179832.
17. John Julius Norwich, The Normans in the South 1016–1130 (London: Solitaire Books, 1981), pp. 146–47.
18. Mäesalu, Ain (2012). "Could Kedipiv in East-Slavonic Chronicles be Keava hill fort?" (PDF). Estonian Journal of Archaeology. 1: 199. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
19. Jonathan Riley-Smith (2004). The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume IV – Part II (c. 1024–c. 1198), p. 54. ISBN 978-0-521-41411-1.
20. Gilbert Meynier (2010). L'Algérie cœur du Maghreb classique. De l'ouverture islamo-arabe au repli (658-1518). Paris: La Découverte; p. 55.
21. Weir, Alison (2017-09-28). Queens of the Conquest: The extraordinary women who changed the course of English history 1066 - 1167. Random House. ISBN 978-1-4735-2331-9.
22. Fletcher, R. A. (1987). "Reconquest and Crusade in Spain c. 1050-1150". Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. 5. 37: 31–47 [35]. JSTOR 3679149.
23. Gaufredo, Malaterra. "Chapter 33, The Battle of Cerami". De Rebus Gestis Rogerii Calabriae et Siciliae Comitis et Roberti Guiscardi Ducis fratris eius. Vol. 2.
24. Benvenuti, Gino (1985). Le Repubbliche Marinare. Amalfi, Pisa, Genova e Venezia. Rome: Newton & Compton Editori. p. 13. ISBN 88-8289-529-7.
25. Engel, Pál (2001). The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526. I.B. Tauris Publishers. p. 31. ISBN 1-86064-061-3.
26. Izz al-Din ibn al'Athir, The Annals of the Saljuq Turks, transl. D.S. Richards, (Routledge, 2002), p. 151.
27. McGrank, Lawrence (1981). "Norman crusaders and the Catalan reconquest: Robert Burdet and te principality of Tarragona 1129-55". Journal of Medieval History. 7 (1): 67–82. doi:10.1016/0304-4181(81)90036-1.
28. Baynes, T.S. (2008). Anni, Encyclopædia Britannica (9th ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 72.
29. David Nicolle (2013). Osprey: Manzikert 1071: The breaking of Byzantium, p. 20. ISBN 978-1-78096-503-1.
30. Anales de Tlatelolco, Rafael Tena INAH–CONACULTA 2004, p. 55.
31. "The consecration of Westminster Abbey | History Today". www.historytoday.com. Retrieved 2018-01-31.
32. Kimeswenger, Stefan; Thorstensen, John R.; Fesen, Robert A.; Drechsler, Marcel; Strottner, Xavier; Germiniani, Maicon; Steindl, Thomas; Przybilla, Norbert; Weil, Kathryn E.; Rupert, Justin (December 2021). "YY Hya and its interstellar environment". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 656: A145. arXiv:2110.03935. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039787.
33. D. R. Woolf (2011). The Oxford History of Historical Writing. Oxford University Press. p. 41. ISBN 9780191636936.
34. al-Aadhamy, Hashim (1964). History of the Great Imam mosque and al-Adhamiyah mosques. Vol. 1. Baghdad: al-Ani Press. p. 28.
35. Stone, Gerald (2016). Slav Outposts in Central European History: The Wends, Sorbs and Kashubs. Bloomsbury. pp. 27–28.
36. Norman Roth (1994). Jews, Visigoths, and Muslims in Medieval Spain: Cooperation and Conflict. Netherlands: E.J. Brill, p. 110. ISBN 90-04-09971-9.
37. Philibert Schmitz, "Theoduin", in Biographie Nationale de Belgique, vol. 24 (Brussels, 1929), 757-758.
38. Nancy Marie Brown (6 October 2008). "The Far Traveler: Voyages of a Viking Woman". p. 95. ISBN 9780547539393. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
39. Benvenuti, Gino (1985). Le Repubbliche Marinare. Amalfi, Pisa, Genova e Venezia. Rome: Newton & Compton Editori. p. 44. ISBN 88-8289-529-7.
40. "Coronations - Westminster Abbey". December 12, 2009. Archived from the original on 2009-12-12.
41. Christopher Gravett (1992). Osprey: Hastings: The Fall of Saxon England, p. 50–51. ISBN 1-85532-164-5.
42. "Tain Community Website - History & Heritage". www.tain.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2016-06-13. Retrieved 2016-06-08.
43. John Julius Norwich (1991). Byzantium: The Apogee – The Choice of Emperor, p. 343. ISBN 0-394-53779-3.
44. Brian Todd Carey (2012). Road to Manzikert: Byzantine and Islamic Warfare (527–1071), p. 132. ISBN 978-184884-215-1.
45. Derek Keene; Alexander R. Rumble (1985). Survey of Medieval Winchester. Oxford University Press. pp. 101–2.
46. "Fires, Great", in The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance, p. 24. Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876)
47. John Julius Norwich (1991). Byzantium: The Apogee – The Choice of Emperor, p. 344. ISBN 0-394-53779-3.
48. Brian Todd Carey (2012). Road to Manzikert – Byzantine and Islamic Warfare (527–1071), p. 133. ISBN 978-1-84884-215-1.
49. George Finlay (1854). History of the Byzantine and Greek Empires from 1057–1453, p. 34. William Blackwood & Sons.
50. Schmidt, Roderich (2009). Das historische Pommern. Personen, Orte, Ereignisse. Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Pommern. Böhlau. pp. 75–76. ISBN 978-3-412-20436-5.
51. Finlay, George (1854). History of the Byzantine and Greek Empires from 1057–1453, p. 35. William Blackwood & Sons.
52. Carey, Brian Todd (2012). Road to Manzikert – Byzantine and Islamic Warfare (527–1071), p. 134. ISBN 978-1-84884-215-1.
53. Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 52–53. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
54. "Norman Britain". British History Timeline. BBC. Retrieved 2007-12-23.
55. Nguyen The Anh (1989). "Le Nam tien dans les textes Vietnamiens". In Lafont, P. B. (ed.). Les frontieres du Vietnam. Paris: Edition l’Harmattan.
56. "The Popes and the Templars". Knights Templar. 2018-02-27. Retrieved 2023-09-22.
57. John, Simon (2017). "Chapter 2: Godfrey's Career in the West, c. 1060 - 1095". Godfrey of Bouillon: Duke of Lower Lotharingia, Ruler of Latin Jerusalem, c.1060-1100. Rulers of the Latin East. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 9781317126300.
58. Browning, Charles Henry (1969) [1883]. "Pedigree XCVII". Americans of Royal Descent: Collection of Genealogies Showing the Lineal Descent from Kings of Some American Families ... (Seventh ed.). Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Company. p. 425. ISBN 9780806300542.
59. Smith, Charles Edward (March 1948). "The Ancestry and Life of Godfrey of Bouillon by John C. Andressohn". Indiana Magazine of History. 44 (1).
60. Feiss, Hugh; O'Brien, Maureen M.; Pepin, Ronald (Nov 2014). The Lives of Monastic Reformers 2: Abbot Vitalis of Savigny, Abbot Godfrey of Savigny, Peter of Avranches, and Blessed Hamo. Liturgical Press. ISBN 9780879076931. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
61. Strunz, Gunnar (2014). Niederösterreich: Mit Wachau, Waldviertel, Weinviertel und Mostviertel (in German). Berlin: Trescher Verlag. p. 108. ISBN 9783897942936.
62. Nickel, Claudia (2007). Das Leben der Frau Ava: Hauptseminararbeit (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: GRIN Verlag. ISBN 9783638734936.
63. Butler, Alban (1798). "St. Aibert, Recluse". The Lives of the Primitive Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints Compiled from Original Monuments and Other Authentic Records. Vol. IV (Third ed.). Edinburgh, London and Newcastle: J. Moir. p. 76.
64. Sausseret, Paul (1854). "XXXV: Apparition a Saint Aibert, reclus". Apparitions et révélations de la Très Sainte Vierge depuis l'origine du Christianisme à nos jours (in French). Paris, France: Vivès. p. 162.
65. Petrella, Giancarlo (2004). L'officina del geografo: la "Descrittione di tutta Italia" di Leandro Alberti e gli studi geografico-antiquari tra Quattro e Cinquecento: con un saggio di edizione (Lombardia-Toscana) (in Italian). Milan, Italy: Vita e Pensiero. p. 434. ISBN 9788834311202.
66. Affò, Ireneo; Patrini, Giuseppe (1788). Vita di San Bernardo degli Uberti abate gen. di Vallombrosa cardinale di s. Chiesa e vescovo di Parma scritta dal padre Ireneo Affò minor osservante bibliotecario di sua altezza reale a professor onorario di storia nella r. università (in Italian). Parma, Italy: Presso Filippo Carmignani. pp. 100–101.
67. "Tracing Mobility", Women's Genealogies in the Medieval Literary Imagination, Cambridge University Press, pp. 89–124, 2024-03-21, doi:10.1017/9781009434720.005, ISBN 978-1-009-43472-0, retrieved 2024-10-27
68. Pritz, F. X. (1842). Kurzgefasste Lebensgeschichte des hl. Berthold, ersten Abtes des einstigen Benediktiner-Klosters Garsten in Lände ob der Enns, sammt frommen Betrachtungen zur, Jubelfeier am 27 Jul. 1842 (in German). Linz, Austria: Quir. Haslinger. p. 10.
69. Rana, Lalita (2013). "Evolution of modern geographical thinking and disciplinary trends in India" (PDF). The Association for Geographical Studies: 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
70. Handa, Nidhi (August 2018). "Journey of Indian Mathematics from Vedic Era" (PDF). International Journal for Environmental Rehabilitation and Conservation. IX (1): 217–221. doi:10.31786/09756272.18.9.1.127 (inactive November 1, 2024). ISSN 0975-6272. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
71. "Clementia (Von Gleiberg) of Aquitaine b. 1060 d. 4 Jan 1141-1142: The Douglas Archives". www.douglashistory.co.uk. Retrieved 2019-08-06.
72. Potter, Philip J. (2009). Gothic Kings of Britain: The Lives of 31 Medieval Rulers, 1016-1399. Jefferson, NC and London: McFarland. p. 126. ISBN 9780786452484.
73. Bernard, Floris; Demoen, Kristoffel (2012). Poetry and its Contexts in Eleventh-century Byzantium. London and New York: Routledge. p. 92. ISBN 9781317079422.
74. Mayer, Joseph Maria (1869). Das Bayern-buch: Geschichtsbilder und sagen aus der vorzeit der Bayern, Franken und Schwaben (in German). Munich, Germany: Lindauer. pp. 231. 1060 Diemud.
75. "Diemoth - Encyclopedia Volume - Catholic Encyclopedia". Catholic Online. Retrieved 2019-08-07.
76. Krause, Herbert; Krause, Carolyn (2013). Our Cup Runneth Over: Our Story for Our Children and Their Children. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse. p. 317. ISBN 9781481712941.
77. Mostow, Joshua S. (1996). "Poem 75". Pictures of the Heart: The Hyakunin Isshu in Word and Image. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press. p. 363. ISBN 9780824817053.
78. Machotka, Ewa (2009). Visual Genesis of Japanese National Identity: Hokusai's Hyakunin Isshu. Brussels, Belgium: Peter Lang. p. 118. ISBN 9789052014821.
79. Lillehoj, Elizabeth (2004). Critical Perspectives on Classicism in Japanese Painting: 1600 - 1700. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press. p. 144. ISBN 9780824826994.
80. Butler, Alban; Burns, Paul (1999). Butler's Lives of the Saints: April. Tunbridge Wells, England and Collegeville, MN: Burns & Oates. p. 67. ISBN 9780860122531.
81. Fagnant-MacArthur, Patrice (2013). The Catholic Baby Name Book. Notre Dame, IN: Ave Maria Press. p. 167. ISBN 9781594713828.
82. Cassan, Armand (1833). Statistique de l'arrondissement de Mantes, Seine-et-Oise (in French). Mantes, France: Chez Forcade. p. 237.
83. State, Paul F. (2015). Historical Dictionary of Brussels. Lanham, MD, Boulder, CO, New York, Toronto and Plymouth, England: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 183. ISBN 9780810879218.
84. Weis, Frederick Lewis; Sheppard, Walter Lee; Beall, William Ryland; Beall, Kaleen E. (2008) [1950]. Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who Came to America Before 1700: Lineages from Alfred the Great, Charlemagne, Malcolm of Scotland, Robert the Strong, and Other Historical Individuals (Eighth ed.). Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Company. p. 149. ISBN 9780806317526.
85. Dillon, Charles Raymond (2002). Royals and Nobles: A Genealogist's Tool. New York, Lincoln and Shanghai: Writers Club Press. p. 352. ISBN 9780595259380.
86. "Heimatverein der Heinsberger Lande e.V." cms.hv-heinsberg.de. Retrieved 2019-08-07.
87. Stroll, Mary (1997). The Medieval Abbey of Farfa: Target of Papal and Imperial Ambitions. Leiden, New York, Cologne: BRILL. p. 165. ISBN 9789004247284.
88. Boynton, Susan (2006). Shaping a Monastic Identity: Liturgy & History at the Imperial Abbey of Farfa, 1000-1125. Ithaca, NY and London: Cornell University Press. p. 18. ISBN 9780801443817.
89. Neuhofer, M. Dorothy (1999). In the Benedictine Tradition: The Origins and Early Development of Two College Libraries. Lanham, New York, Oxford: University Press of America. p. 16. ISBN 9780761814634.
90. Benson, Ann (2017). Troy House: A Tudor Estate Across Time. Cardiff, Wales: University of Wales Press. p. 15. ISBN 9781783169900.
91. "People: Hamelin de Barham; Hamelin de Ballon (Balun / Baeluns) - Monastic Wales - A Comprehensive Database of Sites and Sources". www.monasticwales.org. Retrieved 2019-08-07.
92. Anderson, James (1736). Royal Genealogies: Or, The Genealogical Tables Of Emperors, Kings and Princes, From Adam to These Times In Two Parts. James Bettenham.
93. "Huizong (Western Xia) 西夏惠宗 (Biographical details)". British Museum. Retrieved 2019-08-07.
94. Catalá, Montserrat Casanovas (2002). La memoria rescatada. Los materiales del Legado "Samuel Gili Gaya" como fuente historiográfica (in Spanish). Lleida, Spain: Universitat de Lleida. p. 94. ISBN 9788484095194.
95. Pere, Gil i Estalella; Catalans, Institut d'Estudis; Històrico-Arqueològica, Secció (2017). Història moral de Cathalunya : llibre segon de la Història cathalana (in Catalan). Barcelona, Spain: Institut d'Estudis Catalans. p. 185. ISBN 9788499651743.
96. Beraldo, Wanderley (2018). FamÍlia Beraldo (in Portuguese). Vol. II. Sao Paolo, Brazil: Clube de Autores. p. 847.
97. Tournai, Odo of; Resnick, Irven M. (2017) [1994]. "Introduction: Odo of Tournai. Tournai at the End of the Eleventh Century". On Original Sin and A Disputation with the Jew, Leo, Concerning the Advent of Christ, the Son of God: Two Theological Treatises. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 1. ISBN 9781512821642.
98. Novikoff, Alex J. (2013). The Medieval Culture of Disputation: Pedagogy, Practice, and Performance. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 179. ISBN 9780812245387.
99. Ochs, Christoph (2013). Matthaeus Adversus Christianos: The Use of the Gospel of Matthew in Jewish Polemics Against the Divinity of Jesus. Tübingen, Germany: Mohr Siebeck. p. 85. ISBN 9783161526152.
100. Novikoff, Alex J. (2013-10-31). The Medieval Culture of Disputation: Pedagogy, Practice, and Performance. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-4538-7.
101. Davies, Norman (2012). Vanished Kingdoms: The Rise and Fall of States and Nations. New York: Penguin. ISBN 9781101545348.
102. Grifoll, Isabel (2017-01-01). "The Culture (Ninth–Twelfth Centuries): Clerics and Troubadours". The Crown of Aragon: 125–149. doi:10.1163/9789004349612_006. ISBN 9789004349612.
103. Staunton, Michael (2017). The Historians of Angevin England. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 300. ISBN 9780198769965.
104. Dawson, Ian (1998). Treasure, Geoffrey (ed.). Who's who in British History. Vol. I: A-H. London and Chicago, IL: Taylor & Francis. pp. xxii. ISBN 9781884964909.
105. Mason, J. F. A. (2004). "Flambard, Ranulf (c. 1060–1128), administrator and bishop of Durham | Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/9667. Retrieved 2019-08-07. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
106. "Roger | duke of Apulia". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2019-08-07.
107. "Roger Borsa, Duke of Apulia and Calabria (Biographical details)". British Museum. Retrieved 2019-08-07.
108. History (2011-10-24). Roger Borsa. TypPRESS. ISBN 9786137807903.
109. Rodd, Laurel Rasplica, ed. (2015). Shinkokinshū: New Collection of Poems Ancient and Modern. Leiden, Boston: BRILL. p. 110. ISBN 9789004288294.
110. Fujiwara, Sukefusa; Hérail, Francine (2001). Notes journalières de Fujiwara no Sukefusa, Traduction du Shunki. Hautes Etudes Orientales - Extrême Orient (in French). Vol. 37. Geneva, Switzerland: Librairie Droz. p. 597. ISBN 9782600008969.
111. Blair, Heather (2016-07-25). "Ladylike Religion: Ritual and Agency in the Life of an Eleventh-Century Japanese Noblewoman". History of Religions. 56 (1): 1–22. doi:10.1086/686745. ISSN 0018-2710. S2CID 163874345.
112. Barber, Malcolm (2010). Letters from the East: Crusaders, Pilgrims and Settlers in the 12th-13th Centuries. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7546-6356-0. Archived from the original on 2024-05-20.
113. Keynes, Simon (1997). "Giso, Bishop of Wells". In Harper-Bill, Christopher (ed.). Anglo-Norman Studies XIX: Proceedings of the Battle Conference, 1996. Woodbridge, England: Boydell & Brewer Ltd. p. 221. ISBN 9780851157078.
114. Searle, William George (2012) [1897]. Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum: A List of Anglo-Saxon Proper Names from the Time of Beda to that of King John. Cambridge, England and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 171. ISBN 9781107608641.
115. Baker, Nigel; Holt, Richard (2004). Urban Growth and the Medieval Church: Gloucester and Worcester. Aldershot, England and Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 22. ISBN 9780754602668.
116. Mielke, Christopher (2016). "Lifestyles of the Rich and (In?)Animate: Object Biography and the Reliquary Cross of Queen Adelaide of Hungary". In Rohr, Zita Eva; Benz, Lisa (eds.). Queenship, Gender, and Reputation in the Medieval and Early Modern West, 1060-1600. New York: Springer. pp. 5–6. ISBN 9783319312835.
117. Weinfurter, Stefan (1999). The Salian Century: Main Currents in an Age of Transition. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 185. ISBN 9780812235081.
118. Glenn, Justin (2015). The Washingtons: A Family History. Vol. 3: Royal Descents of the Presidential Branch. El Dorado Hills, CA: Savas Publishing. p. 113. ISBN 9781940669281.
119. Ingram, James (1823). The Saxon Chronicle: With an English Translation, and Notes, Critical and Explanatory. To Which Are Added Chronological, Topographical, and Glossarial Indices; a Short Grammar of the Anglo-Saxon Language, a New Map of England During the Heptarchy, Plates of Coins. London: Рипол Классик. p. 250.
120. Crabb, George (1825). Universal Historical Dictionary: Or, Explanation of the Names of Persons and Places in the Departments of Biblical, Political, and Ecclesiastical History, Mythology, Heraldry, Biography, Bibliography, Geography, and Numismatics. Illustrated by Portraits and Medallic Cuts. Vol. II. London: Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy.
121. Huyghebaert, N.-N.; Huyghebaert, N.-M. (1969). "Origines et rapports des deux monastères brugeois de Saint-Barthélemy de l'Eeckhout et de Saint-Trond". Augustiniana. 19 (1/2): 257–290. ISSN 0004-8003. JSTOR 44992193. En cet endroit un certain Everelme avait adopté la vie anachorétique en l'an 1048 et y avait persévéré douze ans; il y avait reçu la sépulture dans la petite chapelle, le 4 octobre de l'an 1060.
122. Grundmann, Herbert (December 1964). "Deutsche Eremiten, Einsiedler und Klausner im Hochmittelalter (10.-12. Jahrhundert)". Archiv für Kulturgeschichte. 45 (1): 60–90. doi:10.7788/akg-1964-4505. ISSN 0003-9233. S2CID 165337423. Erst neuerdings wurde ein alter Grabstein wiederaufgefunden", dessen Inschrift besagt, daß ein anadiorita Everelmus zwölf Jahre lang auf einer Flußinsel bei Brügge lebte und dort 1060 starb.
123. Sire, Paul (2014). King Arthur's European Realm: New Evidence from Monmouth's Primary Sources. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 121. ISBN 9780786478019.
124. Weis, Frederick Lewis; Sheppard, Walter Lee; Beall, William Ryland; Beall, Kaleen E. (2008) [1950]. Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who Came to America Before 1700: Lineages from Alfred the Great, Charlemagne, Malcolm of Scotland, Robert the Strong, and Other Historical Individuals (Eighth ed.). Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Company. p. 265. ISBN 9780806317526.
125. Knight, Gareth (2013). The Book of Melusine of Lusignan in History, Legend and Romance. Cheltenham, England: Skylight Press. p. 180. ISBN 9781908011671.
126. Melton, J. Gordon (2014). Faiths Across Time: 5,000 Years of Religious History. Vol. II: 500 - 1399 CE. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford: ABC-CLIO. p. 685. ISBN 9781610690263.
127. Kahn, Andrew; Lipovet︠s︡kiĭ, Mark Naumovich; Reyfman, Irina; Sandler, Stephanie (2018). A History of Russian Literature. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 31. ISBN 9780199663941.
128. Aigner, Petra (2014). "Poetry and Networking in High Medieval France (ca. 1100): Baudri de Bourgueil and His Scholarly Contacts". In Steckel, Sita; Gaul, Niels; Grünbart, Michael (eds.). Networks of Learning: Perspectives on Scholars in Byzantine East and Latin West, C. 1000-1200. Zurich and Berlin: LIT Verlag Münster. p. 36. ISBN 9783643904577.
129. Aird, William M. (2011). "Chapter 2: The Dutiful Son". Robert 'Curthose', Duke of Normandy (C. 1050-1134). Woodbridge, England and Rochester, NY: Boydell Press. p. 31. ISBN 9781843836605.
130. Turner, Ralph V. (1995). "The Problem of Survival for the Angevin "Empire": Henry II's and His Sons' Vision versus Late Twelfth-Century Realities". The American Historical Review. 100 (1): 78–96. doi:10.2307/2167984. ISSN 0002-8762. JSTOR 2167984.
131. Loud, Graham A.; Schenk, Jochen (2017). The Origins of the German Principalities, 1100-1350: Essays by German Historians. London and New York: Taylor & Francis. pp. xix. ISBN 9781317022008.
132. Cohen, Adam S. (2000). The Uta Codex: Art, Philosophy, and Reform in Eleventh-Century Germany. University Park, PA: Penn State Press. p. 248. ISBN 9780271043708.
133. Wolfram, Herwig (2010). Conrad II, 990-1039: Emperor of Three Kingdoms. University Park, PA: Penn State Press. p. 88. ISBN 9780271048185.
134. Searle, William George (2012) [1897]. Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum: A List of Anglo-Saxon Proper Names from the Time of Beda to that of King John. Cambridge, England and New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 157. ISBN 9781107608641.
135. Everson, Paul; Stocker, David (2017). "Archaeology and Archiepiscopal Reform: Greater Churches in York Diocese in the 11th Century". In Hadley, Dawn M.; Dyer, Christopher (eds.). The Archaeology of the 11th Century: Continuities and Transformations. London and New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 187. ISBN 9781315312927.
136. Atkins, Ivor (1940). "The Origin of the Later Part of the Saxon Chronicle Known as D". The English Historical Review. 55 (217): 8–26. doi:10.1093/ehr/LV.CCLXVII.8. ISSN 0013-8266. JSTOR 554028.
137. Baumer, Christoph (2016). The History of Central Asia: The Age of Islam and the Mongols. Vol. III. London and New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 316. ISBN 9781838609405.
138. Thomas, Joseph (2010). The Universal Dictionary of Biography and Mythology: A-clu. Cosimo Classics. Vol. I: A - CLU. New York: Cosimo, Inc. p. 28. ISBN 9781616400682.
139. Leviant, Curt (2008) [1969]. Masterpieces of Hebrew Literature: Selections from 2000 Years of Jewish Creativity. Philadelphia, PA: Jewish Publication Society. p. 241. ISBN 9780827609549.
140. Cohn-Sherbok, Dan (2010). Dictionary of Jewish Biography. London and New York: A&C Black. p. 7. ISBN 9781441197849.
141. Bonfil, Robert (2009). History and Folklore in a Medieval Jewish Chronicle: The Family Chronicle of Aḥimaʿaz ben Paltiel. Leiden and Boston: BRILL. pp. iv. ISBN 9789047427315.
142. Thomas, Joseph (2010). The Universal Dictionary of Biography and Mythology. Cosimo Classics. Vol. I: A - CLU. New York: Cosimo, Inc. p. 125. ISBN 9781616400699.
143. Bak, János M. (1998), "Roles and Functions of Queens in Árpádian and Angevin Hungary (1000–1386 A.D.)", in Parsons, John Carmi (ed.), Medieval Queenship, Palgrave Macmillan US, pp. 13–24, doi:10.1007/978-1-137-08859-8_2, ISBN 9781137088598
144. Wise, Leonard F.; Hansen, Mark Hillary; Egan, E. W. (2005) [1967]. Kings, Rulers, and Statesmen. New York: Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. p. 151. ISBN 9781402725920.
145. Morgan, David (2014) [1988]. Medieval Persia 1040-1797. A History of the Middle East. London and New York: Routledge. p. 26. ISBN 9781317871408.
146. al-Mulk, Niẓām (2002). The Book of Government, Or, Rules for Kings: The Siyar Al-Muluk, Or, Siyasat-nama of Nizam Al-Mulk. Translated by Darke, Hubert. London and New York: Psychology Press. pp. x. ISBN 9780700712281.
147. Alikuzai, Hamid Wahed (2013). A Concise History of Afghanistan in 25 Volumes. Vol. I. Victoria, Canada: Trafford Publishing. p. 172. ISBN 9781490714462.
148. Prakash, Col Ved (2007). Encyclopaedia of North-East India. Vol. 1. New Delhi, India: Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. p. 120. ISBN 9788126907038.
149. Howe, John (1997). Church Reform and Social Change in Eleventh-Century Italy: Dominic of Sora and His Patrons. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 71. ISBN 9780812234121.
150. Wixom, William D. (1997). "Byzantine Art and the Latin West". In Evans, Helen C.; Wixom, William D. (eds.). The Glory of Byzantium: Art and Culture of the Middle Byzantine Era, A.D. 843-1261. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York. pp. 46. ISBN 9780870997778.
151. Smith, Katherine Allen (2011). War and the Making of Medieval Monastic Culture. Woodbridge, England: Boydell Press. pp. 190–191. ISBN 9781843836162.
152. Peterson, Gary Dean (2016). Vikings and Goths: A History of Ancient and Medieval Sweden. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 239. ISBN 9781476662183.
153. Peterson, Gary Dean (2007). Warrior Kings of Sweden: The Rise of an Empire in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. Jefferson, NC and London: McFarland. p. 8. ISBN 9781476604114.
154. Sjöberg, Anders (1982-01-01). "Pop Upir' Lichoj and the Swedish rune-carver Ofeigr Upir". Scando-Slavica. 28 (1): 109–124. doi:10.1080/00806768208600815. ISSN 0080-6765.
155. Labouvie, Eva (2016). Frauen in Sachsen-Anhalt: Ein biographisch-bibliographisches Lexikon vom Mittelalter bis zum 18. Jahrhundert (in German). Cologne, Weimar and Vienna: Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar. p. 368. ISBN 9783412501280.
156. Miller, Manfred (2019). Die Münzen und Medaillen von Anhalt-Aschersleben bis zum Herzogtum Anhalt (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: BoD – Books on Demand. p. 8. ISBN 9783735785787.
157. Wieczynski, Joseph L. (1994). The Modern Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet History. Vol. 38. Academic International Press. p. 123. ISBN 9780875690643.
158. Rogers, Clifford J. (2010). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology. Vol. I. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. p. 372. ISBN 9780195334036.
159. Böhm, Marcin (December 2018). "The Military Policy of Isaac Komnenos at the time of battle of Petroe (1057)". Open Political Science. 1 (1): 136–142. doi:10.1515/openps-2018-0011.
160. Jinsheng, Zheng; Kirk, Nalini; Buell, Paul D.; Unschuld, Paul U. (2018). Dictionary of the Ben Cao Gang Mu. Vol. 3: Persons and Literary Sources. Oakland, CA: University of California Press. p. 326. ISBN 9780520291973.
161. Tzu, Sun (2005). The Art of War: Complete Texts and Commentaries. Boston and London: Shambhala Publications. p. 34. ISBN 9780834827301.
162. Wei, Shang (1994). "Prisoner and Creator: The Self-Image of the Poet in Han Yu and Meng Jiao". Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews. 16: 19–40. doi:10.2307/495305. ISSN 0161-9705. JSTOR 495305.
163. Orton, C. W. Previte (2013) [1912]. The Early History of the House of Savoy: 1000-1233. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. p. 212. ISBN 9781107650428.
164. Nash, Penelope (2017). Empress Adelheid and Countess Matilda: Medieval Female Rulership and the Foundations of European Society. Queenship and Power. London and New York: Springer. p. 46. ISBN 9781137585141.
165. Creber, Alison (2019-04-22). "Breaking Up Is Hard To Do: Dissolving Royal and Noble Marriages in Eleventh-Century Germany". German History. 37 (2): 149–171. doi:10.1093/gerhis/ghy108. ISSN 0266-3554.
166. Graham-Leigh, Elaine (2005). The Southern French Nobility and the Albigensian Crusade. Woodbridge, England: Boydell Press. p. 98. ISBN 9781843831297.
167. Palgrave, Sir Francis (1919). Palgrave, Sir Inglis (ed.). The History of Normandy and of England: The Collected Historical Writings of Sir Francis Palgrave, K. H. Vol. II. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press Archive. p. 543.
168. Weis, Frederick Lewis; Sheppard, Walter Lee; Beall, William Ryland; Beall, Kaleen E. (2008) [1950]. Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists who Came to America Before 1700: Lineages from Alfred the Great, Charlemagne, Malcolm of Scotland, Robert the Strong, and Other Historical Individuals (Eighth ed.). Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Publishing Company. p. 175. ISBN 9780806317526.
169. Vitalis, Ordericus (1969). The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis. Vol. II. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press. p. 363. ISBN 9780198222040.
170. Thompson, Kathleen (1985-01-01). "Family and influence to the south of Normandy in the eleventh century: the lordship of Bellême". Journal of Medieval History. 11 (3): 215–226. doi:10.1016/0304-4181(85)90025-9. ISSN 0304-4181.
171. "Edward the Confessor and Edith". Westminster Abbey. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
172. Vladimir Braginskii (2014). Classical Civilisations of South East Asia: An Anthology of Articles Published in the Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. Taylor & Francis. p. 598. ISBN 9781136848797.
173. Vasilka Tăpkova-Zaimova (2018). Bulgarians by Birth: The Comitopuls, Emperor Samuel and Their Successors According to Historical Sources and the Historiographic Tradition. Brill. p. 167. ISBN 9789004352995.