Waitaki (New Zealand electorate)

Waitaki is an electorate for the New Zealand House of Representatives that crosses the boundary of North Otago and South Canterbury towns on the East Coast of the South Island. The electorate was first established for the 1871 election that determined the 5th New Zealand Parliament. It has been abolished and re-established several times and in its early years was a two-member electorate for two parliamentary terms. The current electorate has existed since the 2008 election and is held by Miles Anderson of the National Party.

Waitaki
Single-member constituency for the New Zealand House of Representatives
Location of Waitaki within Canterbury and Otago
Region	Canterbury and Otago
Area	30,780.69 km2 (11,884.49 sq mi)
Current constituency
Current MP	Miles Anderson
Party	National

Population centres

Through an amendment in the Electoral Act in 1965, the number of electorates in the South Island was fixed at 25, an increase of one since the 1962 electoral redistribution.^[1] It was accepted that through the more rapid population growth in the North Island, the number of its electorates would continue to increase, and to keep proportionality, three new electorates were allowed for in the 1967 electoral redistribution for the next election.^[2] In the North Island, five electorates were newly created and one electorate was reconstituted while three electorates were abolished.^[3] In the South Island, three electorates were newly created and one electorate was reconstituted while three electorates were abolished (including Waitaki).^[4] The overall effect of the required changes was highly disruptive to existing electorates, with all but three electorates having their boundaries altered.^[5] These changes came into effect with the 1969 election.^[2]

This current Waitaki electorate is the successor to parts of the old Otago electorate, with parts of central Otago moving into Clutha-Southland, and the boundary extended far up the South Canterbury coast, to just outside Timaru. The electorate was last re-established for the 2008 election. The 2006 census showed that there has been a general northwards population movement. Even though the number of South Island electorates is fixed, the decline in the population of electorates from Rakaia south has resulted in the boundaries of electorates from Invercargill north to Rakaia shifting northwards. However, Waitaki ended up over quota in the 2013 census and redistribution resulted in all communities south of and including Herbert being ceded to Dunedin North.^[6] Waitaki contracted again in the 2020 redistribution, gaining the Waitati area from Dunedin North, but losing a large section of land around Alexandra to Southland.^[7]

The largest town in the electorate is Oamaru (pop. 14,350). Other towns include Geraldine (3,120), Twizel (1,890), Wānaka (13,600), Waimate (3,740) and Cromwell (7,440)

History

The Waitaki electorate has existed four times: in 1871 to 1946;^[8] in 1957 to 1969; in 1978 to 1996 and lastly since 2008.

The first election in the electorate was contested by William Steward and Macassey in 1871, with Steward being successful.^[9]

The next election was held in early January 1876. Waitaki had become a two-member electorate, and four candidates put their names forward. Steward and Joseph O'Meagher contested the election as abolitionists (i.e. they were in favour of abolishing the provincial government), while Thomas William Hislop and Samuel Shrimski were provincialists (i.e. they favoured the retention of provincial government).^[10] The provincialists won the election by quite some margin.^[11]

Hislop and Shrimski were both confirmed in the 1879 election,^[12] but Hislop resigned on 28 April 1880 "for private reasons".^[13][14] The resulting 1880 by-election was won by George Jones.^[15]

From 1881 onwards, the electorate became a single-member constituency again.^[8] Thomas Young Duncan won the 1881 election and the two subsequent elections.^[16] In the 1887 election, Duncan was opposed by John Reid,^[17] but defeated him by 705 to 676 votes.^[18] In the 1890 election, Duncan successfully contested the Oamaru electorate instead,^[19] with John McKenzie taking Waitaki. McKenzie had previously held Waihemo and went back to that electorate again for the 1893 election.^[20]

William Steward, who was the first representative of the electorate, had since 1881 represented Waimate. He returned to Waitaki for the 1893 election, was successful and also won the five subsequent elections. He held the electorate until 1911. He was appointed to the Legislative Council in the following year, but died within months of the appointment.^[21]

Francis Henry Smith succeeded Steward in the 1911 election. At the next election in 1914, Smith stood unsuccessfully in the Timaru electorate. The Waitaki electorate was won by John Anstey that year. At the 1919 election, Anstey was defeated by John Bitchener, who held Waitaki until he was defeated in the 1935 election by David Barnes. Barnes, in turn, held the electorate for one parliamentary term and was defeated in the 1938 election by David Campbell Kidd. At the final count, Kidd had a majority of 10 votes, and Barnes applied for a magisterial recount; this increased the 1938 result to a majority of 14 votes.^[22] Kidd represented Waitaki until 1946, when the electorate was abolished and he successfully stood in Waimate instead.

Waitaki was re-established for the 1957 election and was won by Thomas Hayman, who had previously represented Oamaru. Hayman died in office on 2 January 1962 and was succeeded by Allan Dick, who won the 1962 by-election. Dick held the electorate until 1969, when it was abolished again.

The electorate was re-established for the 1978 general election. Jonathan Elworthy of the National Party was the successful candidate. Elworthy was re-elected in the 1981 general election, but defeated in the 1984 general election by Labour's Jim Sutton. Sutton was re-elected in the 1987 general election, but lost to National's Alec Neill in the 1990 general election. Neill was re-elected in the 1993 general election. At the end of the next term, in 1996, the electorate was abolished again. Neill failed to be selected by the National Party as a candidate for any of the electorates for the 1996 general election.

With the advent of Mixed-member proportional representation (MMP) voting system in 1996 and the resulting reduction in the number of constituencies, the electorate was split in half; the town of Oamaru was pulled into the resized Otago electorate and the balance was transferred into the new Aoraki electorate.

The Waitaki electorate was re-established for the 2008 election, and Jacqui Dean, incumbent since the 2005 election in the Otago electorate won the election with a large majority against Labour's David Parker.^[23] Dean increased her majority in the 2011 election against Labour's Barry Monks.^[24] Dean was confirmed as the electorate's representative in the 2014 election.^[25]

Members of Parliament

Key

Independent	Liberal	Reform
Labour	National

Single-member electorate

Election	Winner
1871 election		William Steward

Multi-member electorate

Election	Winners
1876 election		Samuel Shrimski		Thomas Hislop
1879 election
1880 by-election				George Jones

Single-member electorate

Election	Winner
1881 election		Thomas Duncan
1884 election
1887 election
1890 election		John McKenzie
1893 election		William Steward
1896 election
1899 election
1902 election
1905 election
1908 election
1911 election		Francis Smith
1914 election		John Anstey
1919 election		John Bitchener
1922 election
1925 election
1928 election
1931 election
1935 election		David Barnes
1938 election		David Kidd
1943 election
(electorate abolished 1946–1957)
1957 election		Thomas Hayman
1960 election
1962 by-election		Allan Dick
1963 election
1966 election
(electorate abolished 1969–1978)
1978 election		Jonathan Elworthy
1981 election
1984 election		Jim Sutton
1987 election
1990 election		Alec Neill
1993 election
(electorate abolished 1996–2008)
2008 election		Jacqui Dean
2011 election
2014 election
2017 election
2020 election
2023 election		Miles Anderson

List MPs

Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the Waitaki electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

Election	Members
2008 election		David Parker

Election results

2023 election

2023 general election: Waitaki[26]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Miles Anderson		22,675	51.23	—	19,281	43.22	+12.15
	Labour	Ethan Reille		10,524	23.77	—	9,575	21.46	-22.35
	Green	Pleasance Hansen		3,495	7.90	—	4,014	9.00	+3.37
	ACT	Sean Beamish		2,477	5.60	+1.51	5,473	12.27	+0.69
	NZ First	Anthony Ordering		1,823	4.12	+2.95	3,103	6.96	+4.99
	NZ Loyal	Ray Bailey		1,125	2.54	—	902	2.02	—
	DemocracyNZ	Roger Small		1,078	2.44	—	281	0.63	—
	Independent	Daniel Shand		584	1.31	-1.08
	Opportunities						873	1.96	+0.66
	NewZeal						281	0.63	+0.47[a]
	Te Pāti Māori						182	0.41	+0.29
	Legalise Cannabis						158	0.35	-0.07
	New Conservative						72	0.16	-1.74
	Animal Justice						64	0.14	—
	Freedoms NZ						61	0.14	—
	Leighton Baker Party						33	0.07	—
	Women's Rights						30	0.07	—
	New Nation						10	0.02	—
Informal votes				484			220
Total valid votes				44,265			44,613
	National hold		Majority	12,151	27.45	+20.03

2020 election

2020 general election: Waitaki[27]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Y Jacqui Dean		19,659	44.44	−12.54	13,805	31.07	−22.73
	Labour	Liam Wairepo		16,378	37.03	+9.41	19,466	43.81	+13.73
	Green	Sampsa Kiuru		2,482	5.61	−0.11	2,501	5.63	+0.34
	ACT	Sean Beamish		1,808	4.09	—	5,145	11.58	+11.33
	Independent	Daniel Shand		1,056	2.39	—
	New Conservative	Troy Allan		852	1.93	+1.57	848	1.90	+1.69
	Advance NZ	Heather Pennycook		594	1.34	—	471	1.06	—
	NZ First	Anthony Ordering		518	1.17	–4.50	876	1.97	-4.60
	Sustainable NZ	Brian Mowat-Gainsford		189	0.43	—	63	0.14	—
	Opportunities						576	1.30	−1.30
	Legalise Cannabis						185	0.42	−0.16
	Outdoors						73	0.16	−0.05
	ONE						71	0.16	—
	Māori Party						54	0.12	–0.06
	Vision New Zealand						11	0.02	—
	Social Credit						9	0.02	—0.20
	TEA						8	0.018	—
	Heartland						2	0.004	—
Informal votes				698			273
Total valid votes				44,234			44,437
	National hold		Majority	3,281	7.42	−21.94

2017 election

2017 general election: Waitaki[28]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Y Jacqui Dean		24,870	56.98	−5.25	23,865	53.80	−3.17
	Labour	Zélie Allan		12,054	27.62	+7.65	13,241	30.08	+12.07
	Green	Pat Wall		2,498	5.72	−6.65	2,328	5.29	−5.73
	NZ First	Alex Familton		2,473	5.67	—	2,892	6.57	−0.38
	Opportunities	Kevin Neill		1,134	2.60	—	1,134	2.58	—
	Conservative	Raymond Lum		157	0.36	−3.23	91	0.21	−4.17
	Democrats	Hessel Van Wieren		95	0.22	−0.42	18	0.04	−0.17
	Legalise Cannabis						115	0.26	−0.26
	ACT						109	0.25	−0.02
	Ban 1080						86	0.20	−0.16
	Māori Party						78	0.18	−0.08
	Outdoors						47	0.11	—
	United Future						33	0.07	−0.17
	People's Party						17	0.04	—
	Internet						8	0.02	−0.38[b]
	Mana						7	0.02	−0.38[c]
Informal votes				366			134
Total valid votes				43,647			44,023
	National hold		Majority	12,816	29.36	−12.90

2014 election

2014 general election: Waitaki[29]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Y Jacqui Dean		24,547	62.23	+0.78	22,656	56.97	+1.68
	Labour	Glenda Alexander		7,879	19.97	–4.05	7,162	18.01	–3.41
	Green	Sue Coutts		4,878	12.37	+2.23	4,386	11.02	–0.88
	Conservative	Donald Aubrey		1,417	3.59	+1.58	1,741	4.38	+1.53
	Democrats	Hessel van Wieren		253	0.64	+0.18	86	0.21	+0.02
	NZ First						2,763	6.95	+1.73
	Legalise Cannabis						208	0.52	–0.05
	Internet Mana						159	0.40	+0.27
	Ban 1080						143	0.36	+0.36
	ACT						106	0.27	–0.85
	Māori Party						104	0.26	–0.09
	United Future						94	0.24	–0.58
	Civilian						16	0.04	+0.04
	Independent Coalition						10	0.03	+0.03
	Focus						5	0.01	+0.01
Informal votes				471			130
Total valid votes				39,445			39,769
	National hold		Majority	16,668	42.26	+4.87

2011 election

2011 general election: Waitaki[30]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Y Jacqui Dean		23,219	61.45	+1.31	21,309	55.29	+3.92
	Labour	Barry Monks		9,076	24.02	–8.05	8,257	21.42	–8.65
	Green	Sue Coutts		3,830	10.14	+5.26	4,587	11.90	+4.89
	Conservative	Jesse Misa		760	2.01	+2.01	1,100	2.85	+2.85
	Independent	David Ford		531	1.41
	ACT	Colin Nicholls		198	0.52	–0.79	432	1.12	–2.48
	Democrats	Hessel van Wieren		172	0.46	+0.10	74	0.19	+0.08
	NZ First						2,010	5.22	+1.58
	United Future						317	0.82	+0.12
	Legalise Cannabis						218	0.57	+0.13
	Māori Party						136	0.35	–0.15
	Mana						52	0.13	+0.13
	Libertarianz						26	0.07	+0.03
	Alliance						23	0.06	–0.07
Informal votes				883			338
Total valid votes				37,786			38,541
	National hold		Majority	14,143	37.43	+9.36

Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 49,508^[31]

2008 election

2008 general election: Waitaki[32]
Notes:		Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote. Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list. Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent. A Y or N denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.
Party		Candidate		Votes	%	±%	Party votes	%	±%
	National	Y Jacqui Dean		23,649	60.13		20,426	51.37
	Labour	David Parker		12,610	32.06		11,960	30.08
	Green	Oliver Briggs		1,916	4.87		2,787	7.01
	ACT	John Fraser		516	1.31		1,432	3.60
	Progressive	Claire Main		333	0.85		382	0.96
	Democrats	Hessel Van Wieren		140	0.36		44	0.11
	Alliance	Norman MacRitchie		93	0.24		53	0.13
	Direct Democracy	Simon Guy		70	0.18
	NZ First						1,447	3.64
	United Future						280	0.70
	Bill and Ben						263	0.66
	Māori Party						199	0.50
	Kiwi						180	0.45
	Legalise Cannabis						173	0.44
	Family Party						87	0.22
	Libertarianz						15	0.04
	Workers Party						15	0.04
	Pacific						14	0.04
	RONZ						5	0.01
	RAM						1	0.003
Informal votes				361			185
Total valid votes				39,327			39,763
	National win new seat		Majority	11,039	28.07

1993 election

1993 general election: Waitaki^[33]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Alec Neill	8,533	41.31	–10.82
	Labour	Bruce Albiston	8,480	41.05
	Alliance	Rex Verity	2,268	10.98	+5.44
	NZ First	Murray Francis	1,081	5.23
	Christian Heritage	Brent Boynton	292	1.41
Majority			53	0.25	–13.89
Turnout			20,654	87.22	–1.95
Registered electors			23,680

1990 election

1990 general election: Waitaki^[34]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Alec Neill	10,708	52.13
	Labour	Jim Sutton	7,803	38.00	–10.11
	Green	Rex Verity	1,139	5.54
	NewLabour	F J Robertson	577	2.80
	Social Credit	F Howard	184	0.89
	Democrats	H Wood	128	0.62
Majority			2,905	14.14
Turnout			20,539	89.17	+3.98
Registered electors			23,032

1987 election

1987 general election: Waitaki

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Jim Sutton	10,188	48.11	+3.01
	National	Duncan Taylor	10,099	47.69	+5.50
	Democrats	Dave Wood	702	3.31
	Wizard Party	David Holden	99	0.47
Majority			89	0.42	–2.48
Turnout			21,177	93.15	–1.81
Registered electors			22,735

1984 election

1984 general election: Waitaki

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Labour	Jim Sutton	8,710	45.10	+2.81
	National	Jonathan Elworthy	8,149	42.19	–1.68
	NZ Party	Derek Wootton	1,817	9.41
	Social Credit	Percy Gould	637	3.30	+1.72
Majority			561	2.90
Turnout			19,313	94.96	+2.83
Registered electors			20,338

1981 election

1981 general election: Waitaki

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Jonathan Elworthy	8,463	43.87	+0.95
	Labour	Jim Sutton	8,158	42.29	+6.11
	Social Credit	Percy Gould	2,670	13.84	–5.84
Majority			305	1.58	–5.16
Turnout			19,291	92.13	+18.53
Registered electors			20,939

1978 election

1978 general election: Waitaki

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Jonathan Elworthy	8,375	42.92
	Labour	Bill Laney	7,060	36.18
	Social Credit	Selwyn Stevens	3,841	19.68
	Values	Ian Roger	237	1.21
Majority			1,315	6.74
Turnout			19513	73.70
Registered electors			26,477

1966 election

1966 general election: Waitaki

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Allan Dick	7,574	48.40	–4.19
	Labour	Stan Rodger	5,585	35.69	–4.41
	Social Credit	Bain Milmine	2,489	15.91	+8.59
Majority			1,989	12.71	+0.23
Turnout			15,648	90.70	–1.20
Registered electors			17,252

1963 election

1963 general election: Waitaki

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Allan Dick	8,505	52.59	+7.10
	Labour	Kevin Lysaght	6,486	40.10	–2.51
	Social Credit	John Julius	1,184	7.32	–4.58
Majority			2,019	12.48	+9.60
Turnout			16173	91.94	+14.14
Registered electors			17,590

1962 by-election

1962 Waitaki by-election^[35]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Allan Dick	6,359	45.49
	Labour	Sir Basil Arthur	5,957	42.61
	Social Credit	Alf Barwood	1,664	11.90
Majority			402	2.88
Informal votes			42	0.30
Turnout			14,022	77.80
Registered electors			18,023
	National hold		Swing

1960 election

1960 general election: Waitaki

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Thomas Hayman	8,492	51.9	–0.2
	Labour	Les McKay	6,520	39.8	–1.6
	Social Credit	Alf Barwood	1,358	8.3	+1.8
Majority			1,972	12.1
Turnout				94.6
Registered electors			17,376

1957 election

1957 general election: Waitaki

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	National	Thomas Hayman	7,942	52.1
	Labour	A G Braddick	6,324	41.4
	Social Credit	Maurice Hayes	990	6.5
Majority			1,618	10.7
Turnout				95.7
Registered electors			16,007

1931 election

1931 general election: Waitaki^[36]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Reform	John Bitchener	3,892	45.80	–11.84
	Labour	Alexander McLean Paterson[37]	3,007	35.38
	United	G. S. McKenzie[38]	1,599	18.82
Majority			885	10.41	–4.86
Informal votes			26	0.31	–2.67
Turnout			8,524	87.92	–2.27
Registered electors			9,695

1928 election

1928 general election: Waitaki^[39]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Reform	John Bitchener	4,536	57.64
	Labour	Frederick Cooke	3,334	42.36
Majority			1,202	15.27
Informal votes			241	2.97
Turnout			8,111	90.19
Registered electors			8,993

1899 election

1899 general election: Waitaki^[40][41]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	William Steward	2,139	63.32	+5.49
	Conservative	John Campbell	712	21.08
	Independent Liberal	Stephen Boreham	527	15.60
Majority			1,427	42.24	+13.53
Turnout			3,378	74.59	–4.99
Registered electors			4,529

1896 election

1896 general election: Waitaki^[42]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	William Steward	2,012	57.83
	Conservative	Duncan Sutherland	1,013	29.12
	Liberal	Charles Vincent Clarke[43]	299	8.59
	Conservative	Harry R Parker	155	4.46
Majority			999	28.72
Informal votes
Registered electors			4,372[44]
Turnout			3,479	79.57

1890 election

1890 general election: Waitaki^[45]

Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	John McKenzie	708	50.53
	Conservative	John Buckland	356	25.41
	Independent	George Bruce	337	24.05
Majority			352	25.12
Turnout			1,401	60.96
Registered electors			2,298

Footnotes

1. Compared to ONE Party
2. 2017 Internet Party swing is relative to the votes for Internet-Mana in 2014; it shared a party list with Mana Party in the 2014 election
3. 2017 Mana Party swing is relative to the votes for Internet-Mana in 2014; it shared a party list with the Internet Party in the 2014 election

Notes

1. McRobie 1989, pp. 108, 111, 112.
2. McRobie 1989, p. 111.
3. McRobie 1989, pp. 107, 111.
4. McRobie 1989, pp. 108, 112.
5. McRobie 1989, pp. 111f.
6. Report of the Representation Commission 2014 (PDF). Representation Commission. 4 April 2014. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-477-10414-2. Retrieved 26 September 2014.
7. "Report of the Representation Commission 2020" (PDF). 17 April 2020.
8. Scholefield 1950, p. 166.
9. "Waitaki District". North Otago Times. Vol. XV, no. 597. 7 February 1871. p. 2. Retrieved 21 November 2010.
10. "Latest Telegrams". The Southland Times. No. 2247. 27 December 1875. p. 2. Retrieved 21 November 2010.
11. "Waitaki Election. Declaration of the Poll". North Otago Times. Vol. XXIII, no. 1170. 12 January 1876. p. 2. Retrieved 21 November 2010.
12. Scholefield 1950, pp. 114, 139.
13. Scholefield 1950, p. 114.
14. Cyclopedia Company Limited 1897, p. 83.
15. Scholefield 1950, p. 117.
16. Wilson 1985, p. 194.
17. "Waitaki". The Star. No. 6034. 16 September 1887. p. 3. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
18. "Elections". West Coast Times. No. 6608. 28 September 1887. p. 2. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
19. Scholefield 1950, p. 104.
20. Scholefield 1950, p. 123.
21. Scholefield 1950, pp. 86, 140.
22. "Waitaki Seat". Auckland Star. Vol. LXIX, no. 260. 3 November 1938. p. 5. Retrieved 9 November 2013.
23. "Jacqui Dean wins rejigged Waitaki seat in a landslide". The Southland Times. 9 November 2008. Retrieved 25 September 2014.
24. Bruce, David (28 November 2011). "Dean has eye on Cabinet post". Otago Daily Times. Retrieved 25 September 2014.
25. "Latest results: Waitaki". Otago Daily Times. 20 September 2014. Retrieved 25 September 2014.
26. "Waitaki – Official Result". electionresults.govt.nz. Election Commission (New Zealand). n.d. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
27. "Waitaki – Official Result". electionresults.govt.nz. Election Commission (New Zealand). n.d. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
28. 2017 election results
29. 2014 election results
30. 2011 election results
31. "Enrolment statistics". Electoral Commission. 26 November 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
32. 2008 election results
33. Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1993. pp. 127–8.
34. Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1990. pp. 132–3.
35. Norton 1988, p. 377.
36. The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 5. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
37. Facer, Wayne Arthur Pickard (2012). "In New Zealand: Timaru 1923–1925" (PDF). William Jellie: Unitarian, Scholar and Educator (M.Phil.). Massey University. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
38. "United candidate for Waitaki". Ashburton Guardian. Vol. 51, no. 187. 22 May 1931. p. 3. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
39. Skinner, W. A. G. (1929). The General Election, 1928. Government Printer. p. 5. Retrieved 27 February 2020.
40. "The General Election, 1899". Wellington: Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives. 19 June 1900. p. 3. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
41. "Waitaki Electoral District". The Timaru Herald. Vol. LXII, no. 3123. 1 December 1899. p. 1. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
42. "Electoral District of Waitaki". The Oamaru Mail. Vol. XXI, no. 6764. 11 December 1896. p. 3. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
43. "Waitaki Electoral District". The Oamaru Mail. Vol. XXI, no. 6750. 11 December 1896. p. 3. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
44. McRobie 1989, p. 64.
45. "The General Election, 1890". National Library. 1891. Retrieved 25 February 2012.

References

• Cyclopedia Company Limited (1897). The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Wellington Provincial District. Wellington: The Cyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 6 February 2011.
• Norton, Clifford (1988). New Zealand parliamentary election results, 1946–1987. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington Department of Political Science. ISBN 0-475-11200-8.
• McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
• Scholefield, Guy (1925) [1913]. New Zealand parliamentary record. Wellington: Govt. Printer.
• Scholefield, Guy (1950) [1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 (3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer.
• Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.