Sir George Hamilton, 1st Baronet, of Donalong

Sir George Hamilton, 1st Baronet of Donalong and Nenagh (c. 1608 – 1679), was born in Scotland, but inherited land in Ireland. Despite being Catholic, he served his Protestant brother-in-law, the 1st Duke of Ormond, lord lieutenant of Ireland, in diplomatic missions during the Confederate Wars and as receiver-general of the royalists. He also defended Nenagh Castle against the Parliamentarians during the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland. Hamilton was father of Anthony, author of the Mémoires du Comte de Grammont, of Richard, Jacobite general, and of Elizabeth, "la belle Hamilton".

Family tree

George Hamilton with wife, parents, and other selected relatives. He was sometimes confused with his uncle of Greenlaw.[a] Claud 1st Ld Paisley 1546–1621 Margaret Seton d. 1616 James 1st Earl 1575–1618 Marion Boyd d. 1632 Recusant George of Greenlaw & Roscrea d. bef. 1657 Mary Butler James 2nd Earl d. c. 1670 Claud 2nd Baron Hamilton of Strabane d. 1638 George 1st Bt. Donalong c. 1608 – 1679 Mary Butler d. 1680 James c. 1630 – 1673 Courtier George d. 1676 Soldier Anthony c. 1645 – 1719 Writer Richard c. 1649 – 1717 Soldier James 6th Earl c. 1661 – 1734 Legend XXX George Hamilton XXX Earls of Abercorn

George Hamilton
Baronet of Donalong and Nenagh
Tenure	1660–1679
Successor	James Hamilton
Born	c. 1608
Died	1679
Spouse(s)	Mary Butler
Issue Detail	James, George, Anthony, Richard, John, Elizabeth, & others
Father	James, 1st Earl of Abercorn
Mother	Marion Boyd

Birth and origins

George was born about 1608 in Scotland,^[1][2] probably in Paisley, Renfrewshire, near Glasgow. He was the fourth son of James Hamilton and his wife, Marion Boyd.^[1] His father had been created Earl of Abercorn by James VI and I in 1606.^[3] His paternal grandfather was the 1st Lord Paisley.

George's mother was the eldest daughter of the 6th Lord Boyd, of Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, in the south-west of Scotland. Both grandfathers had fought for Mary, Queen of Scots in 1568 at Langside.^[4]

George was one of nine siblings.^[5] See his brothers James and Claude.^[b] George's father was a Protestant, but his mother, Marion Boyd, was a recusant.^[6]

Early life

Hamilton was about ten in 1618 when his father died.^[7] His uncle, Sir George Hamilton of Greenlaw and Roscrea, became his guardian and converted him like all his siblings to the Catholic faith.^[1][8]

Hamilton's father had been an undertaker in James I's 1611 Plantation of Ulster and had as such acquired large estates in Ireland, mainly around Strabane, County Tyrone. Hamilton's eldest brother, James, succeeded as 2nd earl of Abercorn, but the Irish lands were shared among the younger sons according to his father's will. Strabane, the most prestigious part, went to Hamilton's elder brother Claud. Hamilton inherited Donalong, a great proportion (2000 acres).^[9] His father had predeceased his paternal grandfather, the 1st Lord Paisley, who died three years later in 1621.^[10] Hamilton's eldest brother, James, the 2nd Earl of Abercorn, inherited at that time the title of Lord Paisley and the family's Scottish lands.

By 1625 Hamilton, together with Sir Basil Brooke and Sir George Russell, had acquired rights to the Knockaunderrig Silver Mine at Knockanroe in the Silvermine Mountains near the village of Silvermines, south of Nenagh.^[11] In 1627 Hamilton succeeded Sir Roger Hope to the command of a company of foot in the Irish Army.^[12][c] In 1632 Hamilton's mother died in Edinburgh and was buried with her husband in Paisley Abbey.^[16]

By 1634 Hamilton was commonly called Sir George and was supposed to be a knight and a baronet.^[17] The territorial designation and the baronetage (country) of this first baronetcy are unknown.^[18] A second attempt would later be made to create him a baronet implying that the first one had not succeeded.

Marriage and children

In 1635 Hamilton married Mary Butler, third daughter of Thomas Butler, Viscount Thurles.^[19][20][21] Her eldest brother, the 12th earl of Ormond, later marquess and duke, and also lord lieutenant of Ireland, thereby became his brother-in-law.

George and Mary had six sons:

1. James (died 1673), became ranger of Hyde Park, turned Protestant,^[22] and died from losing a leg in a sea-fight^[23]
2. George (died 1676), killed in French service at the Col de Saverne^[24]
3. Anthony (c. 1645 – 1719), fought for the Jacobites and wrote the Mémoires du comte de Grammont^[25]
4. Thomas (died 1687), served in the Royal Navy and died in Boston, Massachusetts^[26][27][28]
5. Richard (died 1717),^[29] fought for the Jacobites and was taken prisoner at the Boyne^[30]
6. John (died 1691), officer in the Irish army, died from wounds received at the Battle of Aughrim^[31]

—and three daughters:

1. Elizabeth (1641–1708),^[32] a famous beauty, married Philibert de Gramont^[33]
2. Lucia (died 1676), married Sir Donough O'Brien, 1st Baronet, of Leamaneh Castle, a Protestant, in 1674^[34]
3. Margaret, married in July 1674 Mathew Forde of Seaforde, County Down, and of Coolgreany, County Wexford^[35]

Mistaken identity

Hamilton shared his name and surname with his paternal uncle George, his guardian. Their wives also shared their names: both being called Mary Butler.^[36] The younger Mary was his wife, whereas the elder was a daughter of Walter, 11th Earl of Ormond. The younger couple lived at Nenagh, the elder at Roscrea.^[36] Carte (1736) already confused them.^[37][38] Hamilton married in 1635, but earlier dates are reported in error due to the confusion.^[19][d]

Midlife

In May 1640, Ormond, Hamilton's brother-in-law, granted him the manor, castle, town, and lands of Nenagh for 31 years.^[40] Ormond was appointed lieutenant-general (commander-in-chief) of the Irish army in September.^[41]

In 1641 Hamilton accompanied King Charles I on his visit to Scotland.^[42] At the outbreak of the Irish Rebellion on 23 October 1641,^[43] Hamilton was in England and was suspected of supporting the rebellion as he was Catholic. He was arrested and shortly held at the Tower of London but was soon released on bail.^[44]

Jean Gordon, widow of his elder brother Claud (died in 1638),^[45] lost her home when Phelim O'Neill burned Strabane Castle in December 1641. Hamilton, her brother in law, accommodated her and her children at Nenagh.^[46][47]

In February 1642 the Knockaunderrig Silver Mine, which Hamilton operated together with Basil Brooke and Sir William Russell,^[11] was attacked by local rebels led by Hugh O'Kennedy and his English miners were killed.^[48]

In March 1646 Ormond concluded the 1st Ormond Peace.^[49] It was proclaimed on 30 July in Dublin.^[50] In Limerick its proclamation was violently prevented by the clerical party in August. Ormond sent Hamilton to Limerick to talk to the Irish about the need for unity.^[51]

In May 1646, Hamilton's wife and children left Nenagh and were brought to Dublin for their security. Similar rescues were organised for his mother-in-law, Lady Thurles, and his sisters-in-law, Lady Muskerry and Lady Loughmoe.^[52] In June at Benburb the Confederate Ulster army under Owen Roe O'Neill defeated the Covenanters under Robert Monro.^[53] O'Neill then marched south to Kilkenny as directed by Rinuccini, the papal nuncio.^[54][55] Leinster and Munster were treated as enemy territory. On 17 September 1646, O'Neill took Roscrea, but Nenagh was not attacked at that time. O'Neill then menaced Dublin in November 1646.

In January 1647 Hamilton returned to Dublin with instructions from the king directing Ormond to hand Dublin over to the English rather than to the Irish.^[56] Ormond abandoned Dublin in July to the parliamentarians and left for England.^[57]

Phelim MacTuoll O'Neill stormed Nenagh in 1648,^[58] but it was retaken by Inchiquin in the same year by undermining the castle's wall.^[59][60] Hamilton seems to have been elsewhere. In August he was with Ormond in France at the queen's court at the Château-Neuf de Saint-Germain-en-Laye.^[61] On 21 September Hamilton left Saint-Germain with the queen's instructions and brought them to Ormond at Le Havre where a Dutch man-of-war, sent by William II, Prince of Orange, lay ready to bring Ormond to Cork^[62] where he landed on 29 September 1648.^[63] In January 1649 Ormond appointed Hamilton receiver-general of the revenues for Ireland succeeding to Lord Roscommon.^[64] He was also made colonel of a regiment of foot and appointed governor of Nenagh Castle.^[65] Near the end of 1650 when the parliamentarian army under Henry Ireton was on its way back from the unsuccessful siege of Limerick to its winter quarters at Kilkenny, troops under Daniel Abbot attacked Nenagh Castle, which Hamilton tried to defend. He surrendered the castle end of October or beginning November after the Parliamentarians had menaced to breach its walls with artillery.^[66][67][68]

The keep of Nenagh Castle

French exile

Hamilton's Irish lands were confiscated by the parliamentarians, and in spring 1651 he and his family followed Ormond into French exile. They first went to Caen^[69] where Ormond's wife Elizabeth Preston lived since 1648.^[70] Lady Ormond with her children returned to England in August 1652,^[71] whereas Lady Hamilton went to Paris where she lived in the convent of the Feuillantines.^[72] In 1656 or 1657 Charles II sent him, together with Donough MacCarty, 2nd Viscount Muskerry, to Madrid on a diplomatic mission.^[73]

Restoration, death, and timeline

The Restoration in May 1660 brought Charles II on the English throne.^[74] Hamilton returned to London with his elder children^[75] James and George, who became courtiers at Whitehall.^[76]

About 1660 Charles II seems to have created him a baronet for a second time. This baronetcy was styled of Donalong and Nenagh.^[20][77][78] It may have been in the baronetage of Ireland,^[78][79] Scotland,^[20] or Nova Scotia.^[80] His grandson James, who should have succeeded as the 2nd baronet, never claimed the title,^[81] which might again have been invalid.^[82]

Hamilton was joined by his wife and their younger children in 1661. They lived for some time all together in a house near Whitehall.^[83] Hamilton's lands in Ulster were restored to him.^[84] In 1668 he also received land at Ballymacshanroe, on Great Island, County Cork,^[85] which he sold soon afterwards.^[86] In 1670 he was granted lands in several counties of Ireland.^[86]

Hamilton died in 1679.^[81][86] As his eldest son, James, had predeceased him in 1673,^[23] Hamilton was succeeded by his grandson James, who would later become the 6th earl of Abercorn.^[81]

Timeline

As his birth date is uncertain, so are all his ages. Italics for historical background.
Age	Date	Event
0	About 1608	Born in Scotland as the 4th son of James Hamilton, 1st Earl of Abercorn[1]
9–10	23 Mar 1618	Father died at Monkton, Ayrshire, Scotland.[7]
12–13	1621	Grandfather died.[10]
16–17	27 Mar 1625	Accession of Charles I, succeeding James I[87]
18–19	16 Oct 1627	Made commander of a company of the Irish Army[12]
23–24	26 Aug 1632	Mother died in Edinburgh.[16]
26–27	1635	Married Mary Butler[19]
31–32	1 May 1640	Ormond grants him Nenagh for 31 years.[40]
32–33	23 Oct 1641	Outbreak of the Rebellion[43]
32–33	1641	Arrested as a papist while in England[44]
33–34	2 Feb 1642	Lost the Knockaunderrig Silver Mine raided by the insurgents[48]
33–34	30 Aug 1642	Ormond created marquess[88]
34–35	15 Sep 1643	Cessation (truce) between the Confederates and the government[89]
34–35	13 Nov 1643	Ormond appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland[90]
37–38	5 Jun 1646	Battle of Benburb[91]
37–38	17 Sep 1646	Ulster Army captured Roscrea[38]
38–39	28 Jul 1647	Ormond abandoned Dublin to the Parliamentarians.[57]
39–40	29 Sep 1648	Ormond returned to Ireland landing at Cork.[63]
40–41	Jan 1649	Appointed receiver-general of revenues in Ireland.[64]
40–41	30 Jan 1649	Charles I beheaded.[92]
41–42	Oct 1650	Surrendered Nenagh Castle to the Parliamentarians under Ireton[66]
42–43	Early in 1651	Followed Ormond into French exile[69]
51–52	29 May 1660	Restoration of Charles II[74]
51–52	About 1660	Created Baronet of Donalong and Nenagh[79]
64–65	6 Jun 1673	Son James died from wounds received in a sea-fight against the Dutch.[23][93]
67–68	Jun 1676	Son George killed at the Col de Saverne in French service[24]
70–71	1679	Died, succeeded by his grandson James, the future 6th Earl of Abercorn[81]

Notes and references

Notes

1. This family tree is based on a drawn pedigree^[94] and written genealogies of the Abercorns.^[95][96] Also see the list of children in the text.
2. George's father's article gives a list of all the nine siblings
3. This was likely the Roger Hope of Hopestown in Westmeath, who sat for Carlingford in the Parliament 1613–1615^[13][14] and was knighted by Lord Deputy Oliver St John, 1st Viscount Grandison in 1622 on his last day in office.^[15]
4. Burke's Peerage (1915) cites a marriage contract dated the 2 June 1629,^[20] but Manning cites one dated 14 February 1630.^[39]. His granduncle's marriage seems therefore to have been in 1630 rather than in 1629.

Citations

1. Wasser 2004, p. 838, left column, line 35. "His fourth son, Sir George Hamilton, first baronet (c. 1608–1679), soldier and landowner, was raised, along with his siblings, by his uncle, Sir George Hamilton of Greenlaw, who converted them to Roman Catholicism."
2. G. E. C. 1903, p. 305, line 4. "... was b. [born] probably about 1607;"
3. G. E. C. 1910, p. 2, line 8"On 5 Apr. 1603 he was cr. [created] Lord Abercorn, co. Linlithgow [S. [Scotland]], to him and his heirs whatsoever."
4. Paul 1908, pp. 163–164. "Thomas, sixth Lord Boyd ... fought on her behalf at Langside"
5. Millar 1890, p. 177, left column, line 22. "Abercorn married Marion, eldest daughter of Thomas, fifth Lord Boyd, by whom he had five sons and four daughters."
6. Paul 1908, pp. 167. "6. Marion, married James (Hamilton), 1st Earl of Abercorn ... was a very active Catholic ..."
7. G. E. C. 1910, p. 3, line 1. "He [James Hamilton] d. v.p. [predeceased his father] at Monkton 23 Mar. and was bur. 29 Ap. 1618 in the Abbey Church, Paisley, age 43."
8. Manning 2001, p. 149, bottom. "Their [of the 1st earl's children] uncle, Sir George the elder, a staunch Catholic, was made their guardian when the 1st earl died in 1618 and he probably also had an influence on their religion."
9. Lodge 1789b, p. 110. "The great proportion and manor of Donalong on his third son George and his heirs ... [footnote]"
10. Holmes 2004, p. 778, right column. "Lord Claud lived in retirement for over twenty years, dying in 1621, and was buried in Paisley Abbey"
11. Gleeson 1937, p. 106. "... a discovery of silver was made in Kilmore, Co. Tipperary, which yielded 3 lbs. of silver to the ton, the privilege of mining was secured by a small company or syndicate in which Sir George Hamilton, Sir Basil Brook and Sir William Russell were interested. In the times of Charles I, Sir G. Hamilton procured the concession for mine royal and had expended several 1000 pounds."
12. Lodge 1789b, p. 117. "On 16 October 1627 he succeeded Sir Roger Hope (who died 7 September) in the command of his company in the army."
13. Stubbs 1919, p. 311. "Borough of Carlingford / Marmaduke Whitechurch / Sir Roger Hope / Armigeri"
14. House of Commons 1878, p. 626. "1613 / 6 May / Roger Hope esq., knt. / Hopetown, Westmeath / ditto. [Carlingford Borough]"
15. Shaw 1906, p. 179. "1622, May 4. Roger Hope (ibid. [in Ireland] by same [viscount Grandison, lord deputy of Ireland], which day the lord viscount Grandison embarqued for England)"
16. G. E. C. 1910, p. 3, line 3. "His widow, a prominent Rom. Cath., who was excommunicated in the kirk of Paisley on 20 Jan. 1628, d. [died] in the Canongate, Edinburgh, 26 Aug., and was bur. [buried] 13 Sep. 1632 with her husband."
17. Mahaffy 1900, p. 53. "5 June [1634] Westminster. The King to the Lord Deputy for Claude Hamilton and Sir George Hamilton, Kt. and Bt. Ordering him to consider a petition ..."
18. Wasser 2004, p. 838, left column, line 41. "Some time before 5 June 1634 he was made a baronet but of which country is not known."
19. Manning 2001, p. 150, line 42. "... February 28th 1635 regarding the marriage intended between Hamilton and Mary Butler, sister of the earl, which was to take place before the last day of April."
20. Burke & Burke 1915, p. 54, right column, line 33. "4. George (Sir), 1st Bart. of Donalong, co. Tyrone and Nenagh, co. Tipperary, created a baronet of Scotland about 1660; m. [married] (art. dated 2 June 1629) Mary 3rd dau. [daughter] of Thomas Viscount Thurles and sister of the 1st Duke of Ormonde. He d. [died] 1679. She d. Aug 1680 ..."
21. Lodge 1789a, p. 40, line 14. "Mary, married to Sir George Hamilton, ancestor by her to the Earl of Abercorn, and died in August 1680."
22. Clark 1921, p. 16. "James Hamilton's marriage to Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Colepeper ... took place as early as 1660 or 1661. As the lady was a Protestant, James Hamilton left the Church of Rome shortly before his marriage, to the great sorrow and anger of his devout mother ..."
23. Burke & Burke 1915, p. 54, right column, line 38. "1. James, Col. ... he d.v.p. [predeceased his father] of a wound received in a naval engagement with the Dutch, 6 June 1673 and was buried in Westminster Abbey."
24. Sergeant 1913, p. 217. "At the beginning of June [1676] he took part in the battle of Zebernstieg [Col de Saverne] and was engaged in covering the French retreat on Saverne when he was killed by a musket-shot."
25. Burke & Burke 1915, p. 54, right column, line 59. "Anthony, the celebrated Count Hamilton, author of 'Mémoires de Grammont', Lieut.-Gen. in the French service, d. [died] 20 April 1719, aged 74."
26. Burke 1869, p. 3, left column, line 25. "Thomas, in the sea service; d. in New England."
27. Clark 1921, p. 74. "[Thomas Hamilton] rendered James no small service in capturing, off the west coast of Scotland, some of the ships which the Earl of Argyle had equipped to aid Monmouth in his rising."
28. Sewall 1878, p. 176. "May 9 [1687]. Hamilton, Capt. of the Kingsfisher dies."
29. Burke 1869, p. 3, left column, line 26. "Richard, lieut.-gen., d. in France."
30. Boulger 1911, p. 155. "Richard Hamilton had been wounded and taken prisoner by the time that William's cavalry came down from Donore on the right flank of the Irish infantry commanded by him in and behind Oldbridge."
31. Burke 1869, p. 3, left column, line 27. "John, Colonel in the army of James II., killed at the battle of Aughrim."
32. Rigg 1890, p. 146, left column. "[Elizabeth] was born in 1641."
33. Burke 1869, p. 3, left column, line 29. "Elizabeth, the beautiful and accomplished wife of Philibert, comte de Grammont; she d. [died] 1708."
34. Burke 1869, p. 3, left column, line 31. "Lucia, m. [married] to Sir Donogh of Lamineagh, Bart"
35. Burke 1869, p. 3, left column, line 33. "Margaret, m. [married] to Mathew Forde, Esq. of Seaforde."
36. Manning 2001, p. 149, line 6. "... there were two George Hamiltons, one being the nephew of the other. The older couple lived at Roscrea Castle and the younger couple, the parents of Anthony Hamilton were at Nenagh."
37. Manning 2001, p. 151, line 36. "This confusion goes back at least to the time of Carte ..."
38. Carte 1851, p. 265. "... after taking Roscrea on Sept. 17 [1646], and putting man, woman, and child to the sword, except sir G. Hamilton's lady, sister to the marquis of Ormond ..."
39. Manning 2001, p. 150, line 20. "The marriage agreement between Hamilton and Walter ... is dated February 14th, 1630 (new style) and in it Walter agreed to pay Hamilton a marriage portion of £1,800."
40. Manning 2001, p. 150, last line. "... on May 1st 1640 by a grant ... to George Hamilton of Knockanderig ... of the manor, castle, town and lands of Nenagh for 31 years."
41. Perceval-Maxwell 2009, Paragraph 8. "... on 9 February 1640 he gave Ormond authority to appoint officers to the Irish army, and in September made him lieutenant-general."
42. Wasser 2004, p. 838, left column, line 43. "In 1641 he accompanied King Charles to Scottland."
43. Warner 1768a, p. 6. "... the twenty-third October [1641] ... seized all the towns, castles, and houses belonging to the Protestants which they had force enough to possess;"
44. Sergeant 1913, p. 145, line 16. "Although arrested as a Papist in 1641, during a visit to England, sent to the Tower, and deprived of his commission in the army ..."
45. Paul 1904, p. 50, line 7. "Dying 14 June 1638, he [Claude Hamilton] was buried in the church of Leckpatrick, County Tyrone."
46. Graham 1841, p. 277. "He [Sir Phelim] carried the unfortunate lady to his castle at Kinnaird, where he kept her two or three days, and then sent her to Sir George Hamilton ..."
47. Manning 2001, p. 154, note 40. "After the widow of Claud Hamilton surrendered Strabane Castle to him [i.e. Phelim] in December 1641 ... he sent her to her brother-in-law, 'Sir George Hamilton in Munster' ..."
48. Gleeson 1937, p. 109. "... the alleged murder of 32 Protestants, men, women and children, at the mine workings ..."
49. Gardiner 1893, p. 55. "The articles of the treaty which related to the civil government were signed on March 28 [1646]."
50. Gardiner 1893, p. 156. "... on July 30 [1646] the peace was publicly proclaimed in Dublin."
51. Ferrar 1787, p. 40. "Tm Marquis of Ormond, Lord Lieutenant, entered into a negociation with the Irish, and sent Sir G. Hamilton and Colonel Barry to Limerick, to acquaint the Irilh committee that he knew very well the necessity of an union ..."
52. Manning 2001, p. 151, line 29. "The younger Lady Hamilton was brought to Dublin, presumably with her family, in 1646, with her mother, Lady Thurles, and her sisters: Lady Muskerry and the wife of the baron of Loghmoe as reported on May 30th 1646."
53. Cusack 1871, p. 317. "... encamped at Benburb. Here, on the 5th of June A.D. 1646 he [Owen Roe O’Neill] won a victory ..."
54. Hayes-McCoy 1990, p. 197. "He [Owen Roe O'Neill] listened to the nuncio's plea, 'quitted the opportunity of conquest in Ulster' and marched south."
55. Coffey 1914, p. 178. "Now seemed the time to follow up the victory of Benburb and subdue the whole North of Ireland; but it was not to be for letters from the Nuncio caused O'Neill to withdraw from the North and move South ..."
56. Carte 1851, pp. 299–300. "About the same time [Jan 1647], some persons of quality (particularly sir G. Hamilton the younger) arrived at Dublin, having been privately dispatched with signification of his majesty's pleasure, upon the advertisement he had received of the condition of Ireland to this purpose; 'that if it were possible for the marquis to keep Dublin ... but if there we or should be a necessity ... he should rather put them into the hands of the English than of the Irish.'"
57. Airy 1886, p. 56, left column, line 29. "On the 28th [July 1647] Ormonde delivered up the regalia and sailed for England, landing at Bristol on 2 Aug."
58. Coffey 1914, p. 207. "... Phelim McTuoll O'Neill stormed Nenagh ..."
59. Bellings 1891, p. 105. "Inchiquin ... besieged the castle of Nenagh ... that a mine was made, capable to receive a barrel of powder ..."
60. Gleeson 1936, p. 257, line 3. "It Nenagh Castle was taken by Phelim O'Neill in 1648 ... but was re-taken by Inchiquin ..."
61. Carte 1851, p. 384, line 9. "He waited afterwards there [at Saint-Germain] until 11 August [1648]... he [Ormond] left sir G. Hamilton to receive what he was further to expect, and to send after him some things necessary to be provided, he set out for Havre de Grace, whither a Dutch man of war of forty-six guns, with a pass from the States, was sent by the prince of Orange to take him on board."
62. Carte 1851, pp. 386–387. "At last, on Sept. 21, sir G. Hamilton left St. Germain with the queen's despatches and instructions, and as soon as the wind served after the receipt thereof, the marquis of Ormond embarked ..."
63. Airy 1886, p. 56, left column, line 50. "... and in August, he himself began his journey thither. On leaving Havre, he was shipwrecked ... but at the end of September he again embarked, arriving at Cork on the 29th."
64. Clark 1921, p. 5, line 2. "In January 1649, after the peace between the Lord Lieutenant and the Confederates, Sir George was appointed Receiver-General of the Revenues for Ireland, in the place of the Earl of Roscommon who had died."
65. Wasser 2004, p. 838, left column, line 48. "In 1649 he was made governor of Nenagh Castle ..."
66. Warner 1768b, p. 228. "... taking Nenagh and two other castles, on the tenth of November [1650], he [Ireton] came to his winter quarters at Kilkenny."
67. R. Y. 1833, p. 298, line 10. "The terrible Ireton, when Cromwell left him as his deputy in Ireland, on his way to the siege of Limerick in 1651 battered it from the high ground to the east, and the garrison, finding it untenable, surrendered it at discretion, when, as local tradition has it, Ireton caused its Governor to be hung out of the topmost window of the keep."
68. Gleeson 1936, p. 257, line 6. "... Sir George [Hamilton] was back again as governor to face Ireton and Abbott in 1650. After a short siege he surrendered on articles and was allowed to march out ..."
69. Millar 1890, p. 177, left column, line 46. "... the Marquis of Ormonde, whom he [Sir George Hamilton] followed to Caen in the spring of 1651 with his wife and family."
70. Carte 1851, p. 384, line 31. "The marchioness of Ormond had landed in that country on June 23d [1648], with her three sons and two daughters, and had taken up her residence at Caen"
71. Perceval-Maxwell 2004, pp. 130–131. "... in August 1652 she [Lady Ormond] left for England with her family ..."
72. Clark 1921, p. 8, line 27. "... his [Antoine Hamilton's] mother and his aunt, Lady Muskerry, had apartments at the Couvent des Feuillantines in Paris ..."
73. Clark 1921, p. 9. "A little later [in 1657], Charles ... despatched Sir George Hamilton and his brother-in-law, Lord Muskerry, to Madrid to find out whether it would be agreeable to the King of Spain that the Irish now in Spain and those who would come over from the French should be sent immediately into Ireland."
74. Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 39. "Charles II. ... acc. 29 May 1660 ..."
75. Wauchope 2004b, p. 888, right column, line 11. "... until the restoration when the family moved to Whitehall."
76. Rigg 1890, p. 135, right column, line 17. "These two brothers are frequently mentioned in the Mémoires."
77. G. E. C. 1903, p. 305, line 7. "... the Restoration about which period (1660?) he is said to have been created a baronet [I.] ..."
78. Burke 1869, p. 2, right column, bottom. "George (Sir) of Donalong, co. Tyrone, and Nenagh, co. Tipperary, created a baronet of Ireland, in 1660, for his services to the royal cause."
79. Millar 1890, p. 177, left column, line 48. "On the Restoration he returned to England, was created a baronet of Ireland in 1660, and received other grants from Charles II in recompense for his services."
80. Lodge 1789b, p. 111. "Sir George Hamilton, Baronet of Nova Scotia, ancestor to the present Earl of Abercorn."
81. Burke & Burke 1915, p. 55, left column, bottom. "James, 6th Earl of Abercorn, who had declined assuming the title of Baronet on the decease of his grandfather, 1679, and was known as Captain Hamilton."
82. G. E. C. 1903, p. 305, note c. "This non-assumption of the dignity throws some little doubt on its creation."
83. Clark 1921, p. 12, line 22. "The family, the six sons and three daughters, lived for some time in a large comfortable house near Whitehall ..."
84. Elliott 2000, p. 114. "The Scottish settlers Sir George Hamilton and his brother Claud, Lord Strabane, were restored in Tyrone ..."
85. Lodge 1789b, p. 118, line 35. "... he [George] had a grant under the said acts, 16 May 1668, of the lands of Ballymacshanroe an the Barony of Ballymore and county of Cork ..."
86. Paul 1904, p. 53, line 14. "He had in 1668 a grant of lands in Co. Cork, which he soon after sold, and in 1670, he had a grant of lands in no fewer than eight counties in Ireland. He died in 1679."
87. Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 16. "Charles I. ... acc. 27 Mar. 1625 ..."
88. G. E. C. 1895, p. 149, line 27. "He [James Butler] was cr. [created] 30 Aug. 1642 Marquess of Ormonde [I. [Ireland]];"
89. Airy 1886, p. 54, right column. "... and the cessation was signed on the 15 Sept. [1643]."
90. Fryde et al. 1986, p. 169, line 4. "1643, 13 Nov./21 Jan. 1644 /James Butler, 1st m. of Ormond, L.L. [Lord Lieutenant] (appd by K. Charles I)"
91. (Duffy 2002, p. 114). "When the latter [O'Neill] scored a surprise victory at Benburn, on 5 June 1646, over the Ulster Scots led by General Robert Munro, it seemed that the confederates were in sight of victory ..."
92. Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 17. "Charles I. ... exec. 30 Jan. 1649 ..."
93. Paul 1904, p. 57, line 3. "His regiment being embarked on board the navy, in one of the expeditions of the Duke of York against the Dutch, Colonel Hamilton had one of his legs taken off by a cannon ball of which wound he died 6 June 1673 ..."
94. G. E. C. 1910, p. 4. "Tabular pedigree of the Earls of Abercorn"
95. G. E. C. 1910, pp. 2–11
96. Paul 1904, pp. 37–74

Sources

Subject matter monographs:

• Wasser 2004 as co-subject in "James Hamilton, first earl of Abercorn", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

• Airy, Osmund (1886). "Butler, James, twelfth Earl and first Duke of Ormonde (1610–1688)". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. VIII. New York: MacMillan and Co. pp. 52–60. OCLC 8544105.
• Bellings, Richard (1891). Gilbert, John Thomas (ed.). History of the Irish Confederation and the War in Ireland 1646-1649. Vol. III (limited to two hundred copies ed.). Dublin: Printed for the editor by Joseph Dollard. – 1646 to 1649
• Boulger, Demetrius Charles (1911). The Battle of the Boyne. London: Martin Secker. OCLC 1041056932.
• Burke, Bernard (1869). A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire (31st ed.). London: Harrison. OCLC 1045624502. (for his children)
• Burke, Bernard; Burke, Ashworth Peter (1915). A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Peerage and Baronetage, the Privy Council, Knightage and Companionage (77th ed.). London: Harrison. OCLC 1155471554.
• Carte, Thomas (1851) [1st pub. 1736]. The Life of James Duke of Ormond. Vol. III (New ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. OCLC 1086656347. – 1643 to 1660
• Clark, Ruth (1921). Anthony Hamilton: his Life and Works and his Family. London: John Lane. OCLC 459281163.
• Coffey, Diarmid (1914). O'Neill and Ormond – A Chapter of Irish History. Dublin: Maunsel & Company. OCLC 906164979.
• Cusack, M. F. (1871). A Compendium of Irish History. Boston: Patrick Donahoe. OCLC 1042465804.
• Duffy, Seán (2002). The Illustrated History of Ireland. New York: Contemporary Books. ISBN 0-8092-2437-2.
• Elliott, Marianne (2000). The Catholics of Ulster, a History. London: Allen Lane The Penguin Press. ISBN 0-713-99464-9.
• Ferrar, J. (1787). The History of Limerick, Ecclesiastical, Civil and Military, From the Earliest Records, to the Year 1787. Limerick: A. Watson & Co. OCLC 560174421.
• Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I., eds. (1986). Handbook of British Chronology. Royal Historical Society Guides and Handbooks, No. 2 (3rd ed.). London: Offices of the Royal Historical Society. ISBN 0-86193-106-8. – (for timeline)
• Gardiner, Samuel R. (1893). History of the Great Civil War 1642–1649. Vol. III (New ed.). London: Longmans, Green & Co. OCLC 174542284. – 1645 to 1647
• G. E. C. (1895). Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct, or Dormant. Vol. VI (1st ed.). London: George Bell and Sons. OCLC 1180818801. – N to R (for Ormond)
• G. E. C. (1903). Complete Baronetage, 1611 to 1800. Vol. III (1st ed.). Exeter: William Pollard & Co. OCLC 866278985. – 1649 to 1664 (for Baronet of Donalong)
• G. E. C. (1910). Gibbs, Vicary (ed.). The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct, or Dormant. Vol. I (2nd ed.). London: The St Catherine Press. OCLC 1042385438. – Ab-Adam to Basing (for Abercorn)
• Gleeson, Dermot F. (1936). "The Castle and Manor of Nenagh". The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland. 7. 6 (2): 247–269. JSTOR 25513829.
• Gleeson, Dermot F. (1937). "The Silver Mines of Ormond". The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland. 67: 101–116.
• Graham, John (1841). Ireland Preserved; or the Siege of Londonderry and the Battle of Aughrim with Lyrical Poetry and Biographical Notes (2nd ed.). Dublin: Hardy and Walker. OCLC 00992682. – Short biographies in the biographical notes
• Hayes-McCoy, G. A. (1990) [1st pub. 1969]. Irish Battles: A Military History of Ireland. Belfast: The Appletree Press. ISBN 0-86281-250-X.
• Holmes, Peter (2004). "Hamilton, Claud, first Lord Paisley (1546?–1621)". In Matthew, Colin; Harrison, Brian (eds.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 24. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 776–778. ISBN 0-19-861374-1.
• House of Commons (1878). Return. Members of Parliament – Part II. Parliaments of Great Britain, 1705–1796. Parliaments of the United Kingdom, 1801–1874. Parliaments and Conventions of the Estates of Scotland, 1357–1707. Parliaments of Ireland, 1599–1800. London: His/Her Majesty's Stationery Office. OCLC 13112546.
• Lodge, John (1789a). Archdall, Mervyn (ed.). The Peerage of Ireland or, A Genealogical History of the Present Nobility of that Kingdom. Vol. IV. Dublin: James Moore. OCLC 264906028. – Viscounts (for Butler, Viscount Mountgarret)
• Lodge, John (1789b). Archdall, Mervyn (ed.). The Peerage of Ireland or, A Genealogical History of the Present Nobility of that Kingdom. Vol. V. Dublin: James Moore. OCLC 264906028. – Viscounts (for Viscount Strabane)
• Mahaffy, Robert Pentland, ed. (1900). Calendar of the State Papers Relating to Ireland, of the Reign of Charles I. 1633–1647. London: His/Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
• Manning, Conleth (2001). "The Two Sir George Hamiltons and their Connections with the Castles of Roscrea and Nenagh" (PDF). Tipperary Historical Journal: 149–154.
• Millar, A. H. (1890). "Hamilton, James, first Earl of Abercorn (d.1617)". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. XXIV. New York: MacMillan and Co. pp. 176–177. OCLC 8544105.
• Paul, James Balfour, ed. (1904). The Scots Peerage, Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland. Vol. I. Edinburgh: David Douglas. OCLC 505064285. – Abercorn to Balmerino
• Paul, James Balfour, ed. (1908). The Scots Peerage, Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland. Vol. V. Edinburgh: David Douglas. OCLC 505064285. – Innermeath to Mar (for Boyd of Kilmarnock)
• Perceval-Maxwell, Michael (2004). "Butler [née Preston] Elizabeth, duchess of Ormond and suo jure Lady Dingwall (1615–1684)". In Matthew, Henry Colin Gray.; Harrison, Brian (eds.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 9. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 130–131. ISBN 0-19-861359-8.
• Perceval-Maxwell, Michael (October 2009). "Butler, James". In McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). Dictionary of Irish Biography (online ed.). Retrieved 23 October 2022.
• Rigg, J. M. (1890). "Hamilton, Anthony (1646?–1720)". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. XXIV. New York: MacMillan and Co. pp. 135–137. OCLC 8544105.
• Sergeant, Philip W. (1913). Little Jennings and Fighting Dick Talbot: A Life of the Duke and Duchess of Tyrconnel. Vol. I. London: Hutchinson & Co. OCLC 474495830. – 1643 to 1685
• R. Y. (16 March 1833). "Nenagh Castle, County of Tipperary". Dublin Penny Journal. 1 (38). Dublin: J. S. Folds.
• Sewall, Samuel (1878). Diary of Samuel Sewall. Vol. I. Boston, Massachusetts: The Massachusetts Historical Society. OCLC 1042962308. – 1674 to 1700
• Shaw, William A. (1906). The Knights of England. Vol. II. London: Sherratt & Hughes. – Knights bachelors & Index
• Stubbs (1919). "County Louth Representatives in the Irish Parliament 1613–1758". Journal of County Louth Archaeological Society. 4 (4): 311–317. doi:10.2307/27729225.
• Warner, Ferdinand (1768a). History of the Rebellion and Civil-War in Ireland. Vol. I. Dublin: James William. OCLC 82770539. – 1641 to 1643
• Warner, Ferdinand (1768b). History of the Rebellion and Civil-War in Ireland. Vol. II. Dublin: James William. OCLC 82770539. – 1643 to 1660 and index
• Wasser, Michael (2004). "Hamilton, James, first earl of Abercorn (1575–1618)". In Matthew, Colin; Harrison, Brian (eds.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 24. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 837–838. ISBN 0-19-861374-1.
• Wauchope, Piers (2004b). "Hamilton, Richard (d. 1717)". In Matthew, Colin; Harrison, Brian (eds.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 24. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 888–889, right column. ISBN 0-19-861374-1.

Further reading

• Mac Cuarta, Brian (2015). "Scots Catholics in Ulster". In Edwards, David (ed.). The Scots in Early Stuart Ireland. Manchester: Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-9721-8. – Snippet view
• The lost Settlement of Dunnalong (Foyle Civic Trust)
• The lost Settlement of Dunnalong (Tower Museum)

Baronetage of Ireland
New creation	Baronet (of Donalong, Tyrone) 1660–1679	Succeeded by James Hamilton