Claud Hamilton, 1st Lord Paisley

For other people named Claud Hamilton, see Claud Hamilton (disambiguation).

Claud Hamilton, 1st Lord Paisley (9 June 1546 – 3 May 1621) was a Scottish nobleman who fought at the Battle of Langside in 1568 for Mary, Queen of Scots. He is the ancestor of the earls, marquesses and dukes of Abercorn.

Claud Hamilton
Lord Paisley
Detail from the portrait below
Tenure	1587–1621
Successor	James Hamilton
Born	9 June 1546
Died	3 May 1621 (aged 74)
Spouse(s)	Margaret Seton
Issue Detail	James, Claud, Frederick, & others
Father	James, 2nd Earl of Arran
Mother	Margaret Douglas

Birth and origins

Claud was born in 1546 (baptised 9 June), probably at Paisley, Scotland. He was the youngest son of James Hamilton and his wife Margaret Douglas. His father was the 2nd Earl of Arran in Scotland and 1st Duke of Châtellerault in France.^[1] His father's family descended from Walter FitzGilbert, the founder of the House of Hamilton,^[2] who had received the barony of Cadzow from Robert the Bruce in the 14th century.^[3] Claud's mother was a daughter of James Douglas, 3rd Earl of Morton. Both parents were Scottish. They had married in September 1532.^[4] Claud had four brothers and four sisters, who are listed in his father's article.

Family tree

Claud Hamilton with wife, parents, and other selected relatives.[lower-alpha 1] James 1st Earl c. 1475 – 1529 Janet Bethune James 2nd Earl c. 1516 – 1575 Châtellerault Margaret Douglas George 7th Lord Seton 1531–1586 James 3rd Earl 1537–1609 John 1st Marquess Hamilton 1540–1604 Claud 1st Lord Paisley 1546–1621 Margaret Seton d. 1616 James 1st Earl 1575–1618 Marion Boyd d. 1632 Recusant Claud of Shawfield d. 1614 Frederick 1590–1647 James 2nd Earl d. c. 1670 Katherine 2nd Baroness Clifton c. 1590 – 1637 Claud 2nd Baron H. of Strabane d. 1638 George 1st Baronet Donalong c. 1607 – 1679 Legend XXX Claud Hamilton XXX Earls of Abercorn XXX Earls of Arran XXX Marquesses of Hamilton

Commendator of Paisley

His uncle John Hamilton, an illegitimate son of his grandfather, the 1st Earl of Arran, was commendatory abbot of Paisley Abbey around the time of his birth. In 1553 this uncle succeeded David Beaton as Archbishop of St Andrews and agreed to pass the position as commendator to his nephew Claud, who was then about seven years old.^[6]

Scottish politics and the Battle of Langside

In March 1560, when he was 14, Hamilton was sent as a hostage to England to guarantee the Treaty of Berwick.^[7]

He and his family were Catholics and supporters of Mary, Queen of Scots. On 2 May 1568, he helped her escape from Lochleven Castle and on 13 May fought for her at Langside where the Queen's men were defeated by Moray, the regent.^[8][9] He had commanded the vanguard of her army during the battle.^[10] His estates having been forfeited because of condemnation, Hamilton was concerned in the murder of the Regent Moray in 1570, and also in that of the next Regent, Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox, in the following year; but in 1573 he recovered his estates.^[11]

Marriage and children

Margaret Seton, his wife

On 1 August 1574 at Niddry Castle, Hamilton married Margaret Seton, the daughter of George Seton, 7th Lord Seton and his wife, Isabel Hamilton.^[12][13] Among her siblings were Robert Seton, 1st Earl of Winton; Sir John Seton of Barnes, attendant to the Earl of Leicester in 1575, Master Carver to Philip II of Spain and Master of Horse to James VI; Alexander Seton, 1st Earl of Dunfermline, Lord Urquhart, Lord Fyvie, and Prior of Pluscarden; and Sir William Seton, who married Janet Dunbar.^[14]

Claud and Margaret had five sons:

1. James (1575–1618), was created the 1st Earl of Abercorn in 1603^[15]
2. John, married Johanna Everard, daughter of Levimus Everard^[16]
3. Claud (died 1614), of Shawfield, was appointed to the Privy Council of Ireland,^[17] and whose daughter Margaret married Sir John Stewart of Methven^{[18][lower-alpha 2]}
4. George (died before 1657) of Greenlaw and Roscrea, married twice and lived at Derrywoon^[20][21][22]
5. Frederick (1590–1647), served Sweden in the Thirty Years' War^[23] and built the castle of Manorhamilton, County Leitrim, Ireland

—and at least one daughter:

1. Margaret (died 1623), married William Douglas, 1st Marquess of Douglas^[24]

Later years

In 1562 his eldest brother, James, was declared insane.^[25] His father died at Hamilton on 22 January 1575.^[26] His brother James as the eldest inherited the title and estate but because of his insanity, John, the second brother, had to stand in for him.^[27]

Then in 1579, the privy council decided to arrest both him and his brother, Lord John Hamilton (afterwards 1st Marquess of Hamilton), to punish them for their past misdeeds. They were besieged at Hamilton.^[28] The brothers escaped to the Kingdom of England, where Queen Elizabeth used them as pawns in the diplomatic game, and later Claud lived for a short time in France.^[11]

Lord Paisley

In 1580 he is received into the Catholic church by Frater James Tyrie.^[29]

In April 1583 Claud was in exile in England at Widdrington Castle in Northumberland. He wrote to Queen Elizabeth and Frances Walsingham for aid for his expenses living in this "sober house" especially as his wife was soon to visit.^[30]

In January 1586, Hamilton was in Paris where he met three supporters of Mary, Queen of Scots; Thomas Morgan, Charles Paget, and Albert Fontenay.^[31] Returning to Scotland in 1586 and meddling again in politics, he sought to reconcile James VI of Scotland with his mother; he was in communication with Philip II of Spain in the interests of Mary and the Roman Catholic religion, and neither the failure of Anthony Babington's plot nor even the defeat of the Spanish Armada put an end to these intrigues.^[11]

In 1587 he was created a Scottish Lord of Parliament as Lord Paisley, when the abbey was erected as a barony.^[32] With this the Hamilton family gained a second seat in Parliament, the first being held by his elder brother John for his eldest brother James, during his insanity. This seat in the Scottish Parliament was occupied after his death by his grandson James, the 2nd Earl of Abercorn and Lord Paysley became a subsidiary title of the earls, later marquesses and dukes of Abercorn, which was held by the heir apparent.

Illness, death, and timeline

In 1589 some of his letters were seized and Lord Paisley, as he was now, suffered a short imprisonment, after which he practically disappeared from public life.^[11] He suffered from mental illness in his later years. In November 1590 he broke down in tears after reading the Bible and it was thought he would not recover 'in regard of the infirmity haunting and falling on many descended of that house'.^[33] His eldest brother James Hamilton, 3rd Earl of Arran, had been suffering from a mental illness since 1562. In 1598 he allowed James, his eldest son, styled the Master of Paisley, to act on his behalf with regard to all the affairs concerning the town.^[34] His wife died in March 1616.^[35] His son predeceased him in 1618. He died in 1621 and was buried in Paisley Abbey.^[36][37] He was succeeded by his grandson, James Hamilton, 2nd Earl of Abercorn.

Timeline
Age	Date	Event
0	1546	Born, probably in Paisley.[1]
6–7	1553	Made Commendator of Paisley Abbey.[6]
13–14	1560, Mar	Sent to England as hostage for the Treaty of Berwick.[7]
15–16	1562, Apr	Brother James declared insane[25]
20–21	1567, 24 Jul	Accession of King James VI, succeeding Queen Mary[38]
21–22	1568, 2 May	Helped Queen Mary to escape from Lochleven Castle[8]
21–22	1568, 13 May	Fought for Queen Mary in the defeat of Langside.
23–24	1570	Moray, the 1st regent during the infancy of James VI, murdered by James Hamilton of Bothwellhaugh
23–24	1571	Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox, the 2nd regent during the infancy of James VI, killed
26–27	1573	Regained his estates.
27–28	1574, 1 Aug	Married Margaret Seton at Niddry Castle.[13]
28–29	1575, 22 Jan	Brother John, the 2nd son succeeded as de facto 3rd Earl of Arran[26] as James, the eldest was insane.[27]
32–33	1579	The privy council decided to arrest John and Claud Hamilton.
33–34	1580	Becomes Catholic.[29]
39–40	1586	Back in Scotland
42–43	1589	Imprisoned
56–57	1603, 24 Mar	Accession of King James I, succeeding Queen Elizabeth I[39]
42–43	1614, 19 Oct	Son Claud died in Dublin[40]
69–70	1616, Mar	Wife died.[35]
74–75	1621	Died.[36]

Notes and references

Notes

1. This family tree is partly derived from the Abercorn pedigree pictured in Cokayne.^[5] Also see the lists of siblings and children in the text.
2. His son Claud Hamilton of Shawfield must not be confused with Sir Claud Hamilton, the commander of Fort Toome.^[19]

Citations

1. Holmes 2004, p. 776, line 3 of the entry. "... was born probably in 1546, the fifth and youngest son of James Hamilton, second Earl of Arran and first Duke of Châtelherault ..."
2. Chisholm 1911a, p. 878, line nine. "... the first authentic ancestor is one Walter FitzGilbert. He first appears in 1294–1295 ..."
3. Paul 1907, p. 341, line 12. "At a later but uncertain date he received the barony of Cadzow from King Robert ..."
4. Cokayne 1910, p. 221, line 31. "He m. [married], shortly before 23 Sep. 1532, Margaret 1st da. [daughter] of James (Douglas), Earl of Morton [S. [Scotland]], by Catherine illeg. da. of James IV."
5. Cokayne 1910, p. 4. "Tabular pedigree of the Earls of Abercorn"
6. Holmes 2004, p. 776, line 6 of the entry. "He was made commendator of Paisley as a child when in 1553 his uncle James Hamilton resigned the position in order to become archbishop of St Andrews."
7. Bain 1898, p. 344. "1. The Duke of Chatelherault's 4th son, Lord Claude, aged 14 years: in Canterbury."
8. Henderson 1890, p. 141. "He took a leading part in the plot for the deliverance of the Queen Mary from Lochleven and her re-establishment on the throne."
9. Sadler 2010, p. 108. "Displaying an admirable eye for ground, Moray dispatched his horse to secure the hamlet [i.e. Langside] ..."
10. Paul 1904, pp. 37–38. "... at the battle of Langside on 13 May following [he] commanded the vanguard of her army."
11. Chisholm 1911b.
12. Paul 1904, p. 39, line 24. "... having married, 1 August 1574 (contract dated 15 and 16 June 1574), Margaret daughter of George, fifth Lord Seton by Isabel daughter of Sir William Hamilton of Sanquhar ..."
13. Paul 1911, p. 290, line 19. "Margaret, married at Niddry Castle, on 1 August 1574 (contract 15 and 16 June 1574), to Lord Claud Hamilton, fourth and youngest son of James, second Earl of Arran ..."
14. Boyd 1907, p. 120, linen 13. "Whereas of late a young gentlemen named John Seytoun, upon earnest desire to visit your highness' Court, repaired thither with my licence and recommendation to my Lord the Earl Leicester ..."
15. Cokayne 1910, p. 2, line 8"On 5 Apr. 1603 he was cr. [created] Lord Abercorn, co. Linlithgow [S. [Scotland]], to him and his heirs whatsoever."
16. Paul 1904, p. 40, line 4. "Sir John Hamilton, married Johanna, daughter of Levimus Everard, Councillor of State to the King of Spain, in the Province of Mechlin ..."
17. Paul 1904, p. 40, line 17. "Claud Hamilton of Shawfield, co. Linlithgow, a Gentleman of the King's Privy Chamber, appointed 11 February 1613 a member of the Privy Council in Ireland, was granted as an undertaker the small proportions of Killeny and Teadane or Eden containing together 2000 acres of the barony of Strabane ..."
18. Paul 1904, p. 43, line 4. "Margaret, married first to Sir John Stewart of Metven, natural son of Ludovic, second Duke of Lennox; and secondly, to Sir John Seton of Gargunnock."
19. Burke 1869, p. 3, left column, line 40. "Claud (Sir), commander of Fort of Toome, co. Antrim; m. [married] the dau. [daughter] and h. [heir] of sir Robert Hamilton, of manor Elieston, co. Tyrone, and d. [died] 1629, leaving a son and heir."
20. Paul 1904, p. 43, line 10. "Sir George Hamilton of Greenlaw in the county of Tyrone and Roscrea in the county of Tipperary, was granted the middle proportion of Largie alias Cloghogenal and the small proportion of Derrywoone but the grant was never enrolled. In 1611 he was resident at Derrywoone ..."
21. Lodge 1789, p. 110. "Sir George Hamilton of Greenlaw, and Roscrea, in the county of Tipperary, Knt. married first Isabella of the family of Civico of Bruges in Flanders, by whom he had one daughter Margaret, who became the first wife of Sir Archibald Acheson of Gosford ..."
22. Paul 1904, p. 43, line 27. "He married also, probably as his second wife, Mary Butler, sixth daughter of Walter, eleventh Earl of Ormonde, and had an only surviving child. James, who died unmarried, his will being proved 2 February 1658-9 and execution granted to George Lord Strabane, the sole executor."
23. Paul 1904, p. 43. "Sir Frederick Hamilton, a gentleman of the King's Privy Chamber, was in early life in the service of Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden ..."
24. Paul 1904, p. 45, line 41. "Margaret, who was married (contract 11 July 1601), as his first wife, when she was only 12 years old, to William, first Marquess of Douglas, and died 11 September 1623, aged 38."
25. Paul 1907, p. 369, line 5. "... in April 1562, he showed signs of a disordered intellect, and was soon after pronounced insane."
26. Paul 1907, p. 368, line 28. "... died at Hamilton on 22 January 1574-75."
27. Henderson 1890, p. 176, left column. "On the death of his father in 1575, he came into nominal possession of his estates, which were, however, administrated by his second brother, John ..."
28. Edmund Lodge, Illustrations of British History, vol. 2 (London, 1791), p. 214.
29. Forbes-Leith 1889, p. 359, bottom. "Lord Claude Hamilton had been received into the Church by Fr. James Tyrie in 1580."
30. William Boyd, Calendar State Papers Scotland: 1581-1583, vol. 6 (Edinburgh, 1914), pp. 401-402.
31. William Murdin, Collection of State Papers (London, 1759), p. 477
32. Paul 1904, p. 39. "The Abbey of Paisley was erected into a temporal barony, and he was made a peer of Parliament under the title of Lord Paisley 24 July 1587."
33. Boyd 1936, p. 422. "The Lord Claude Hamilton the other daie at the reading of a chapter of the Bible at his table entred sodainelie into abundance of teares, with remorse and confession of his sinnes. And soone after his senses ..."
34. Metcalfe 1909, p. 194. "On October 2, 1598, a Letter of Factory and Commission signed by him ... was read to the town council ... It empowers the Master of Paisley to act as his father's factor ..."
35. Paul 1904, p. 39, line 28. "... and by her [Margaret] who died in March 1616, had issue ..."
36. Holmes 2004, p. 778, right column. "Lord Claud lived in retirement for over twenty years, dying in 1621, and was buried in Paisley Abbey"
37. Henderson 1890, p. 144. "Paisley died in 1622, and was buried in the abbey of Paisley."
38. Fryde et al. 1986, p. 61, line 16. "James VI … acc. 24 Jul. 1567 ..."
39. Fryde et al. 1986, p. 44, line 1. "James I ... acc. 24 Mar. 1603 ..."
40. Paul 1904, p. 40, line 25. "but he [Claud Hamilton of Shawfield] died in Dublin 19 October 1614."

Sources

• Bain, Joseph, ed. (1898). Calendar of the State Papers Relating to Scotland and Mary, Queen of Scots 1547–1603. Vol. I. Edinburgh: Her Majesty's General Register House. OCLC 1137227125. – 1547 to 1563
• Boyd, William K., ed. (1907). Calendar of the State Papers Relating to Scotland and Mary, Queen of Scots 1547–1603. Vol. V. Edinburgh: Her Majesty's General Register House. OCLC 1137227125. – 1574 to 1581
• Boyd, William K., ed. (1936). Calendar of the State Papers Relating to Scotland and Mary, Queen of Scots 1547–1603. Vol. X. Edinburgh: Her Majesty's General Register House. OCLC 1137227125. – 1589 to 1593
• Burke, Bernard (1869). A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire (31st ed.). London: Harrison. OCLC 1045624502. (for details on his siblings and children)
• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911a). "Hamilton (family)" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 878–879.
• Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911b). "Paisley, Claud Hamilton, Lord" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 519.
• Cokayne, George Edward (1910). Gibbs, Vicary (ed.). The complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant. Vol. I (2nd ed.). London: St Catherine Press. OCLC 228661424. – Ab-Adam to Basing
• Forbes-Leith, William (1889). Narratives of Scottish Catholics under Mary Stuart and James VI (New ed.). London: Thomas Baker. OCLC 457972896.
• Fryde, Edmund Boleslaw; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I., eds. (1986). Handbook of British Chronology. Royal Historical Society Guides and Handbooks, No. 2 (3rd ed.). London: Offices of the Royal Historical Society. ISBN 0-86193-106-8. – (for timeline)
• Henderson, Thomas Finlayson (1890). "Hamilton, Claud, Lord Paisley (1543(?)–1622)". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. XXIV. New York: MacMillan and Co. pp. 141–144. OCLC 8544105.
• Holmes, Peter (2004). "Hamilton, Claud, first Lord Paisley (1546?–1621)". In Matthew, Colin; Harrison, Brian (eds.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 24. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 776–778. ISBN 0-19-861374-1.
• Lodge, John (1789). Archdall, Mervyn (ed.). The Peerage of Ireland or, A Genealogical History of the Present Nobility of that Kingdom. Vol. V. Dublin: James Moore. OCLC 264906028. – Viscounts
• Metcalfe, William Musham (1909). A History of Paisley. Paisley: Alexander Gardner. OCLC 1046586600.
• Paul, Sir James Balfour (1904). The Scots Peerage, Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland. Vol. I. Edinburgh: David Douglas. OCLC 505064285. – Abercorn to Balmerino (for Lord Paisley)
• Paul, Sir James Balfour (1907). The Scots Peerage, Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland. Vol. IV. Edinburgh: David Douglas. OCLC 505064285. – Fife to Hyndford (for Hamilton)
• Paul, Sir James Balfour (1911). The Scots Peerage, Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland. Vol. VIII. Edinburgh: David Douglas. OCLC 505064285. – Sumerville to Winton (for Seton, earl of Winton)
• Sadler, John (2010). Scottish Battles. Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited. ISBN 978-1-84341-047-8.

Peerage of Scotland
New title	Lord Paisley 1587–1621	Succeeded by James Hamilton