Israel–South Africa relations
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Israel–South Africa relations refer to the current and historic relationship between the Republic of South Africa and the State of Israel. As of January 2024, South Africa maintains only “limited political and diplomatic interaction” with Israel due to the ongoing Israeli–Palestinian conflict.[1]
In 1947, South Africa voted in favor of the UN Partition Plan to create Israel. During the 1950s and 1960s, Israel criticized the racial policies of South Africa.[2] But from 1967 onwards, Israel deepened relations with the apartheid South African regime,[3] and maintained diplomatic relations with the "Bantustans". Israel and South Africa also had a military alliance, including collaboration on nuclear weapons.[1] Up to 1986, Israel also had a vibrant economic relationship but was forced to sanction South Africa in 1987 as a consequence of American pressure.[4]
Relations began to deteriorate after apartheid ended in 1994. Nelson Mandela visited Israel, but was critical of its treatment of Palestinians.[5] In 2019, South Africa downgraded relations with Israel in response to its killing of Gazan protestors.[1] And in 2023, South Africa formally accused Israel of committing genocide against Palestinians. Despite South African criticism of Israel, South African Jews report low levels of antisemitism.[6] Israel currently maintains an embassy in Pretoria and a trade office in Johannesburg,[7][8] while South Africa has an embassy in Tel Aviv.[9]