Foreign relations of Denmark

The foreign policy of Denmark is based on its identity as a sovereign state in Europe, the Arctic and the North Atlantic. As such its primary foreign policy focus is on its relations with other nations as a sovereign state compromising the three constituent countries: Denmark, Greenland and the Faroe Islands. Denmark has long had good relations with other nations. It has been involved in coordinating Western assistance to the Baltic states (Estonia,^[1] Latvia, and Lithuania).^[2]

U.S. President George W. Bush and Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen hold a joint press conference outside Marienborg, July 2005.

Russian President Dmitry Medvedev and Danish Prime Minister Lars Løkke Rasmussen hold a joint press conference, April 2010.

The country is a strong supporter of international peacekeeping. Danish forces were heavily engaged in the former Yugoslavia in the UN Protection Force (UNPROFOR), with IFOR,^[3] and now SFOR.^[4] Denmark also strongly supported American operations in Afghanistan and has contributed both monetarily and materially to the ISAF.^[5] These initiatives are a part of the "active foreign policy" of Denmark.

Instead of the traditional adaptative foreign policy of The unity of the Realm, Kingdom of Denmark is today pursuing an active foreign policy, where human rights, democracy and other crucial values are to be defended actively. In recent years, Greenland and the Faroe Islands have been guaranteed a say in foreign policy issues, such as fishing, whaling and geopolitical concerns.

Following World War II, Denmark ended its two-hundred-year-long policy of neutrality. Denmark has been a member of NATO since its founding in 1949, and membership in NATO remains highly popular.^[6] There were several serious confrontations between the U.S. and Denmark on security policy in the so-called "footnote era" (1982–88), when an alternative parliamentary majority forced the government to adopt specific national positions on nuclear and arms control issues.

The alternative majority in these issues was because the Social liberal Party (Radikale Venstre) supported the governing majority in economic policy issues, but was against certain NATO policies and voted with the left in these issues. The conservative led Centre-right government accepted this variety of "minority parliamentarism", that is, without making it a question of the government's parliamentary survival.^[6] With the end of the Cold War, Denmark has been supportive of U.S. policy objectives in the Alliance.

Danes have a reputation as "reluctant" Europeans. When they rejected ratification of the Maastricht Treaty on 2 June 1992, they put the EC's plans for the European Union on hold.^[7] In December 1992, the rest of the EC agreed to exempt Denmark from certain aspects of the European Union, including a common security and defense policy, a common currency, EU citizenship, and certain aspects of legal cooperation. The Amsterdam Treaty was approved in the referendum of 28 May 1998.

In the autumn of 2000, Danish citizens rejected membership of the Euro currency group in a referendum. The Lisbon treaty was ratified by the Danish parliament alone.^[8] It was not considered a surrendering of national sovereignty, which would have implied the holding of a referendum according to article 20 of the constitution.^[9]

History

Main article: History of Denmark

In 1807 Denmark was neutral but Britain bombarded Copenhagen and seized the Danish Navy, Denmark became an ally of Napoleon. After Napoleon was profoundly defeated in Russia in 1812, the Allies repeatedly offered King Frederick VI a proposal to change sides and break with Napoleon. The king refused. Therefore, at the peace of Kiel in 1814, Denmark was forced to cede Norway to Sweden. Denmark thus became one of the chief losers of the Napoleonic Wars. Danish historiography portrayed King Frederick VI as stubborn and incompetent, and motivated by a blind loyalty to Napoleon. A more recent Danish historiographical approach emphasizes the Danish state was multi-territorial, and included the semi – separate Kingdom of Norway. It was dependent for food on grain imports controlled by Napoleon, and worried about Swedish ambitions. From the king's perspective, these factors called for an alliance with Napoleon. Furthermore, the king expected the war would end in a negotiated international conference, with Napoleon playing a powerful role that included saving Norway for Denmark.^[10][11]

1900–1945

Further information: Denmark in World War II

The Danish government responded to the First World War by declaring neutrality 1914–1918. It maintained that status until 1945 and accordingly adjusted trade; humanitarianism; diplomacy; and attitudes. The war thus reshaped economic relations and shifting domestic power balances.^[12]

1990–

Since the end of the Cold War, Denmark has become more supportive of U.S. foreign policy. Denmark supported the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003 and contributed assets to the invasion.^[13][14] Denmark also participated in the Afghanistan War.^[13] Denmark increased its participation in military and peacekeeping operations compared to the pre-Cold War period.^[13] Whereas Denmark only participated in 13 military operations from 1945 to 1989, Denmark participated in 76 military operations between 1990 and 2018.^[13]

International disputes

• North Pole. Denmark is trying to prove that the North Pole is geographically connected to Greenland. If such proof is established, the Kingdom will claim the North Pole.^[15]

Settled international disputes

• Hans Island. An island located between Greenland and Canadian Arctic islands. Unresolved boundary disputed between Canada and Denmark (The state of Denmark is responsible for Greenland's foreign relations). This dispute flared up again in July 2005 following the visit of a Canadian minister to the disputed island.^[16] On 14 June 2022 both countries agreed to split the disputed island in half. In accordance with the Greenland home rule treaty, Denmark handles certain foreign affairs, such as border disputes, on behalf of the entire Danish Realm.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Denmark maintains diplomatic relations with:

#	Country	Date
1	United Kingdom	25 October 1401[17][18]
2	Russia	8 November 1493[19]
3	France	8 July 1498[20][21]
4	Sweden	6 June 1523[22]
5	Netherlands	31 March 1605[23]
6	Austria	May 1621[24]
7	Portugal	18 March 1641[25]
8	Spain	3 February 1645[28]
9	United States	12 October 1801[29]
10	Mexico	19 July 1827[30]
11	Brazil	26 April 1828[31][32]
12	Belgium	25 February 1837[33]
13	Venezuela	26 March 1838[34]
14	Argentina	20 January 1841[35]
15	Ecuador	June 1841[36]
16	Uruguay	28 February 1842[37]
17	Peru	18 May 1848[38]
18	Dominican Republic	17 December 1851[39]
19	Thailand	21 May 1858[40]
20	Italy	2 September 1861[41]
21	Liberia	31 December 1861[42][43] 11 July 1963[44]
22	Greece	29 July 1863[45]
23	Japan	16 December 1867[46]
24	Switzerland	10 February 1875[47]
25	Guatemala	30 April 1880[48]
26	Chile	4 February 1899[49]
27	Paraguay	18 July 1903[50]
28	Norway	7 November 1905[51]
29	Luxembourg	4 June 1906[52]
30	Cuba	29 June 1911[53]
31	Romania	1 May 1917[54]
32	Serbia	19 October 1917[55]
33	Finland	18 February 1918[56]
34	Czech Republic	14 May 1919[57]
35	Poland	8 September 1919[58]
36	Iceland	16 August 1920[59][60]
37	Iran	3 February 1922[61]
38	Egypt	1 June 1922[62]
39	Turkey	26 January 1925[63]
40	Bulgaria	17 April 1931[64]
41	Bolivia	9 November 1931[65]
42	Colombia	18 May 1935[66]
43	Panama	30 June 1937[67]
44	Honduras	22 March 1945[68]
45	Canada	5 December 1945[69]
46	South Africa	1 January 1946[70]
47	Philippines	28 September 1946[71]
48	Lebanon	1946[72]
49	Australia	12 September 1947[73][74]
50	New Zealand	12 September 1947[74]
51	Hungary	10 May 1948[75]
52	India	September 1949[76][77]
53	Pakistan	13 October 1949[78]
54	Indonesia	23 January 1950[79][80]
55	Ethiopia	21 February 1950[81]
56	China	11 May 1950[82]
57	Israel	12 July 1950[83]
58	Syria	1950[84]
59	Germany	11 June 1951[85][86]
60	Sri Lanka	5 January 1953[87]
61	Haiti	1 November 1953[88]
62	Myanmar	22 April 1955[89]
63	Costa Rica	26 September 1956[90]
64	Laos	1 November 1956[91]
65	Malaysia	31 August 1957[92]
66	Morocco	29 November 1957[93][94]
67	Jordan	18 January 1958[95]
68	Sudan	8 May 1958[95]
69	El Salvador	18 August 1958[96]
70	South Korea	11 March 1959[97]
71	Tunisia	1959[98]
72	Iraq	13 January 1960[99][100]
73	Somalia	9 July 1960[101]
74	Nigeria	October 1960[102]
75	Cyprus	2 November 1960[103]
76	Cameroon	1960[104]
77	Senegal	16 May 1961[105]
78	Ghana	28 September 1961[106]
79	Guinea	1 December 1961[105]
80	Ireland	January 1962[107]
81	Libya	4 April 1962[108]
82	Democratic Republic of the Congo	3 August 1962[109]
83	Rwanda	2 April 1963[110]
84	Algeria	3 September 1963[111]
85	Kuwait	25 April 1964[112]
86	Kenya	23 October 1964[113]
87	Ivory Coast	28 November 1964[114]
88	Tanzania	8 December 1964[115]
89	Benin	15 December 1964[116]
90	Madagascar	1964[117]
91	Uganda	26 January 1965[118]
92	Zambia	10 February 1965[119]
93	Niger	25 May 1965[120]
94	Burundi	25 June 1965[121]
95	Singapore	28 September 1965[122]
96	Afghanistan	26 January 1966[123]
97	Malawi	22 February 1966[124]
98	Lesotho	1966[125]
99	Republic of the Congo	10 June 1967[126]
100	Cambodia	9 October 1967[127]
101	Nicaragua	November 1967[128]
102	Nepal	15 December 1967[129]
103	Togo	21 June 1968[130]
104	Mongolia	5 August 1968[131]
105	Malta	26 March 1969[132]
106	Albania	29 May 1970[133]
107	Botswana	24 September 1971[134]
108	Vietnam	25 November 1971[135]
109	Bangladesh	4 February 1972[136][137]
110	Trinidad and Tobago	23 May 1972[138]
111	Mali	1972[139]
112	Sierra Leone	22 January 1973[140]
113	Mauritius	2 March 1973[141]
114	Gabon	2 April 1973[142]
115	North Korea	17 July 1973[143]
116	Bahrain	10 August 1974[144]
117	Jamaica	14 October 1974[145]
118	Qatar	15 December 1974[146]
119	United Arab Emirates	18 January 1975[147][148]
120	Saudi Arabia	1 February 1975[149][150]
121	Mauritania	19 April 1975[151]
122	Yemen	1 May 1975[152]
123	Mozambique	25 June 1975[153]
124	Angola	17 September 1976[154]
125	Guyana	18 November 1977[155]
126	Papua New Guinea	February 1978[156]
127	Gambia	January 1979[157]
128	Oman	9 July 1979[158]
129	Barbados	20 August 1979[159]
130	Seychelles	1979[160]
131	Zimbabwe	18 April 1980[161]
132	Suriname	27 November 1980[162]
133	Burkina Faso	21 January 1981[163]
134	Comoros	1 December 1981[164]
—	Holy See	2 August 1982[165]
135	Maldives	8 November 1982[166]
136	Saint Lucia	20 December 1982[167][168]
137	Central African Republic	1984[169]
138	Bhutan	13 August 1985[170]
139	Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	19 September 1985[171]
140	Antigua and Barbuda	20 October 1985[172]
141	Tonga	1985[173]
142	Brunei	6 February 1990[174]
143	Namibia	1990[175]
144	Bahamas	June 1991[176]
145	Estonia	24 August 1991[177]
146	Latvia	24 August 1991[178]
147	Lithuania	24 August 1991[179]
148	Guinea-Bissau	8 November 1991[180]
149	Belize	15 November 1991[181]
150	Armenia	14 January 1992[182]
151	Moldova	20 January 1992[183]
152	Slovenia	20 January 1992[184]
153	Tajikistan	21 January 1992[185]
154	Turkmenistan	21 January 1992[186]
155	Uzbekistan	25 January 1992[187]
156	Croatia	1 February 1992[188]
157	Belarus	4 February 1992[189]
158	Ukraine	12 February 1992[190]
159	Azerbaijan	2 April 1992[191]
160	Kazakhstan	7 May 1992[192]
161	Kyrgyzstan	8 May 1992[193]
162	Bosnia and Herzegovina	2 June 1992[194]
163	Georgia	1 July 1992[195]
164	Marshall Islands	17 September 1992[196]
165	San Marino	3 November 1992[197]
166	Liechtenstein	1992[198]
167	Slovakia	1 January 1993[199]
168	Eritrea	29 October 1993[200]
169	North Macedonia	16 December 1993[201]
170	Andorra	4 May 1994[202]
171	Eswatini	4 February 1997[203]
172	Fiji	1 December 1997[204]
173	Djibouti	10 December 2002[205]
174	East Timor	12 February 2003[206]
175	Montenegro	15 June 2006[207]
—	Kosovo	6 March 2008[208]
176	Chad	23 November 2009[209]
177	Monaco	16 July 2011[210]
178	South Sudan	4 May 2012[211]
179	Equatorial Guinea	7 November 2014[212]
180	Federated States of Micronesia	29 August 2018[213]
181	Vanuatu	25 October 2018[214]
182	Grenada	6 November 2018[215]
183	Palau	30 November 2018[216]
184	Dominica	20 February 2019[217]
185	São Tomé and Príncipe	20 February 2019[218]
186	Cape Verde	29 May 2019[219]

Bilateral relations

Europe

Country	Formal relations began	Notes
Albania	29 May 1970[133]	See Albania–Denmark relations Albania has an embassy in Copenhagen.[220] Denmark has an embassy in Tirana.[221] Both countries are full members of NATO.
Andorra	4 May 1994[202]	Andorra is represented in Denmark through a non-resident ambassador based in Andorra La Vella.[222] Denmark is represented in Andorra, through its embassy in Madrid.[223]
Armenia	14 January 1992[182]	See Armenia–Denmark relations Armenia has an embassy in Copenhagen.[224] Denmark is represented in Armenia, through its embassy in Kyiv.[225]
Austria	May 1621[24]	See Austria–Denmark relations Austria has an embassy in Copenhagen.[226] Denmark has an embassy in Vienna.[227] Both countries are full members of the European Union.
Azerbaijan	2 April 1992[191]	See Azerbaijan–Denmark relations Azerbaijan is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in the United Kingdom.[228] Denmark is represented in Azerbaijan, through its embassy in Turkey.[229]
Belarus	4 February 1992[189]	See Belarus–Denmark relations Belarus is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Sweden.[230] Denmark is represented through its embassy in Moscow.[231]
Belgium	25 February 1837[33]	See Belgium–Denmark relations Belgium has an embassy in Copenhagen.[232] Denmark has an embassy in Brussels.[233] Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Bosnia and Herzegovina	2 June 1992[194]	See Bosnia and Herzegovina–Denmark relations Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Copenhagen.[234] Denmark is represented in Bosnia and Herzegovina through its embassy in Belgrade.[235]
Bulgaria	17 April 1931[64]	See Bulgaria–Denmark relations Bulgaria has an embassy in Copenhagen.[236] Denmark has an embassy in Sofia.[237] Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Croatia	1 February 1992[188]	See Croatia–Denmark relations Croatia has an embassy in Copenhagen.[238] Denmark has an embassy in Zagreb.[239] Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Cyprus	2 November 1960[103]	See Cyprus–Denmark relations Cyprus has an embassy in Copenhagen.[240] Denmark has an embassy in Nicosia.[241] Both countries are full members of the European Union.
Czech Republic	14 May 1919[57]	See Czech Republic–Denmark relations Czech Republic has an embassy in Copenhagen.[242] Denmark has an embassy in Prague.[243] Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Estonia	24 August 1991[177]	See Denmark–Estonia relations After the restoration of Estonia's independence in 1991, Denmark was the second country to re-establish diplomatic relations with Estonia on 24 August 1991.[244] Denmark has an embassy in Tallinn.[245] Estonia has an embassy in Copenhagen.[246] "Estonian Foreign Affairs: Country by Country". Archived from the original on 18 July 2007. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Finland	18 February 1918[56]	See Denmark–Finland relations Finland has an embassy in Copenhagen.[247] Denmark has an embassy in Helsinki.[248] "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Finland: Denmark". Archived from the original on 20 August 2011. Retrieved 5 January 2011. Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
France	8 July 1498[20][21]	See Denmark–France relations Denmark has an embassy in Paris.[249] France has an embassy in Copenhagen.[250] "French Foreign Affairs Ministry about relations with Denmark" (in Danish). Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Georgia	1 July 1992[195]	See Denmark–Georgia relations Denmark is represented in Georgia through its embassy in Ukraine.[251] Georgia has an embassy in Copenhagen.[252] Denmark is an EU member and Georgia is an EU candidate.
Germany	11 June 1951[85][86]	See Denmark–Germany relations Denmark has an embassy in Berlin.[253] Germany has an embassy in Copenhagen.[254] Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Greece	29 July 1863[45]	See Denmark–Greece relations Denmark has an embassy in Athens.[255] Greece has an embassy in Copenhagen.[256] Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Holy See	2 August 1982[165]	Denmark's diplomatic relations with the Vatican City were established in 1982 after having been suspended since the reformation in 1536. Denmark is represented in the Vatican City, through its embassy in Bern.[257]
Hungary	10 May 1948[75]	See Denmark–Hungary relations Denmark has an embassy in Budapest.[258] Hungary has an embassy in Copenhagen.[259] Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Iceland	16 August 1920[59][60]	See Denmark–Iceland relations Denmark has an embassy in Reykjavík.[260] Iceland has an embassy in Copenhagen.[261] Both countries are full members of NATO.
Ireland	January 1962[107]	See Denmark–Ireland relations Denmark has an embassy in Dublin and three honorary consulates (Cork, Limerick and Waterford).[262] Ireland has an embassy in Copenhagen.[263] Both countries became members of the European Union on 1 January 1973.
Italy	2 September 1861[41]	See Denmark–Italy relations Denmark has an embassy in Rome,[264] and a consulate general in Milan.[265] Italy has an embassy in Copenhagen.[266] Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Kosovo	6 March 2008[208]	See Denmark–Kosovo relations Denmark recognized Kosovo on 21 February 2008.[267] Denmark is represented in Kosovo, through its embassy in Vienna.[268]
Latvia	24 August 1991[178]	See Denmark–Latvia relations Denmark has an embassy in Riga.[269] Latvia has an embassy in Copenhagen.[270] Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Liechtenstein	1992[198]	Liechtenstein is represented in Denmark through its embassy in Switzerland.[271]
Lithuania	24 August 1991[179]	See Denmark–Lithuania relations Denmark has an embassy in Vilnius.[272] Lithuania has an embassy in Copenhagen.[273] Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Luxembourg	4 June 1906[52]	Denmark is represented in Luxembourg through its embassy in Brussels, Belgium. Denmark also has a consulate in Luxembourg City.[274] Luxembourg has an embassy in Copenhagen.[275] Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Malta	26 March 1969[132]	Denmark has a consulate general in Valletta.[276] Malta has an embassy in Copenhagen.[222] Both countries are full members of the European Union.
Moldova	20 January 1992[183]	See Denmark–Moldova relations Denmark is represented in Moldova through its embassy in Bucharest.[277] Moldova is represented in Denmark through its embassy in Berlin.[278] Denmark is an EU member and Moldova is an EU candidate.
Monaco	4 March 1930[279] 16 July 2011[210]	Denmark is represented in Monaco, through its embassy in Paris.[280]
Montenegro	15 June 2006[207]	See Denmark–Montenegro relations Denmark is represented in Montenegro through its embassy in Serbia.[281] Montenegro is represented in Denmark through a non-resident ambassador based in Podgorica.[222] Both countries are full members of NATO. Denmark is an EU member and Montenegro is an EU candidate.
Netherlands	31 March 1605[23]	See Denmark–Netherlands relations Denmark has an embassy in The Hague.[282] The Netherlands has an embassy in Copenhagen.[283] Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
North Macedonia	16 December 1993[201]	See Denmark–North Macedonia relations Denmark is represented in North Macedonia, through its embassy in Belgrade.[284] North Macedonia has an embassy in Copenhagen.[285] Both countries are full members of NATO.
Norway	7 November 1905[51]	See Denmark–Norway relations Denmark has an embassy in Oslo.[286] Norway has an embassy in Copenhagen.[287] Both countries are full members of NATO.
Poland	8 September 1919[58]	See Denmark–Poland relations Denmark has an embassy in Warsaw.[288] Poland has an embassy in Copenhagen.[289] Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Portugal	18 March 1641[25]	See Denmark–Portugal relations Portugal has an embassy in Copenhagen.[290] Denmark has an embassy in Lisbon.[291] Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Romania	1 May 1917[54]	See Denmark–Romania relations Denmark has an embassy in Bucharest.[292] Romania has an embassy in Copenhagen.[293] Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Russia	8 November 1493[19]	See Denmark–Russia relations Russia has an embassy in Copenhagen.[294] Denmark has an embassy in Moscow,[231] a consulate-general in Saint Petersburg.[295]
San Marino	3 November 1992[197]	Denmark is represented in San Marino through its embassy in Rome.[296] San Marino is represented in Denmark through a non-resident ambassador based in City of San Marino.[222]
Serbia	19 October 1917[55]	See Denmark–Serbia relations Denmark has an embassy in Belgrade.[297] Serbia has an embassy in Copenhagen.[298] Denmark is an EU member and Serbia is an EU candidate. There are around 12,000 people of Serbian descent living in Denmark.[299]
Slovakia	1 January 1993[199]	See Denmark–Slovakia relations Denmark has an embassy in Bratislava.[300] Slovakia has an embassy in Copenhagen.[301] Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Slovenia	20 January 1992[184]	See Denmark–Slovenia relations Denmark has an embassy in Ljubljana.[302] Slovenia has an embassy in Copenhagen.[303] Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Spain	3 February 1645[304]	See Denmark–Spain relations Denmark has an embassy in Madrid.[305] Spain has an embassy in Copenhagen.[306] Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Sweden	6 June 1523[22]	See Denmark–Sweden relations Sweden has an embassy in Copenhagen Denmark has an embassy in Stockholm.[307] Both countries are full members of the European Union and NATO.
Switzerland	10 February 1875[47]	See Denmark–Switzerland relations Denmark has an embassy in Bern.[308] Switzerland has an embassy in Copenhagen.[309]
Ukraine	12 February 1992[190]	See Denmark–Ukraine relations Denmark has an embassy in Kyiv.[310] Ukraine has an embassy in Copenhagen.[311] Denmark is an EU member and Ukraine is an EU candidate.
United Kingdom	25 October 1401[17][18]	See Denmark–United Kingdom relations Denmark established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 25 October 1401.[17][18] Denmark maintains an embassy in London. The United Kingdom is accredited to Denmark through its an embassy in Copenhagen.[312] The two countries have a sovereignty dispute over the Rockall Bank. Both countries share common membership of the Council of Europe, the International Criminal Court, NATO, OECD, OSCE, and the World Trade Organization.

Americas

Country	Formal relations began	Notes
Antigua and Barbuda	28 October 1985[313]	Denmark has a consulate in Saint John.[314]
Argentina	20 January 1841[315]	See Argentina–Denmark relations Argentina has an embassy in Copenhagen.[316] Denmark closed its embassy in Buenos Aires in July 2022.[317]
Bahamas	June 1991[318]	Denmark is represented in Bahamas, through its embassy in Mexico, Denmark has a consulate in Nassau.[319]
Barbados	20 August 1979[320]	Denmark is represented in Barbados, through its embassy in Mexico City.[321] Barbados is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.[222]
Belize	15 November 1991[322]	Denmark is represented in Belize, through its embassy in Nicaragua.[323]
Bolivia	9 November 1931[65]	See Bolivia–Denmark relations Bolivia is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in Berlin, Germany.[324] Denmark is accredited to Bolivia from its embassy in Bogotá, Colombia.[325]
Brazil	26 April 1828[31][326]	See Brazil–Denmark relations Brazil has an embassy in Copenhagen.[327] Denmark has an embassy in Brasília.[328]
Canada	5 December 1945[329]	See Canada–Denmark relations Canada has an embassy in Copenhagen.[330] Denmark has an embassy in Ottawa.[331]
Chile	4 February 1899[332]	See Chile–Denmark relations Chile has an embassy in Copenhagen.[333] Denmark has an embassy in Santiago.[334]
Colombia	18 May 1935[335]	See Colombia–Denmark relations Colombia is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[222] Denmark has an embassy in Bogotá.[336]
Costa Rica	26 September 1956[337]	Costa Rica has one consulate general in Copenhagen.[323] Denmark has one consulate general in San José.[338]
Cuba	29 June 1911[339]	Cuba has an embassy in Copenhagen.[340] Denmark have a consulate general in Havana.[341]
Dominica	20 February 2019[342]	Denmark is represented in Dominica, through its embassy in Mexico.[343]
Dominican Republic	17 December 1851[344]	Denmark is represented in the Dominican Republic, through its embassy in Mexico.[345] Dominican Republic is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[222]
Ecuador	June 1841[346]	Denmark has a consulate general in Quito.[347]
El Salvador	9 July 1958[348]	Denmark has a consulate in San Salvador.[323] A treaty of Commerce and Navigation was signed on 9 July 1958.[349]
Grenada	6 November 2018[350]	Denmark is represented in Grenada, through its embassy in Mexico.[351] Grenada is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.[222]
Guatemala	30 April 1880[48]	Denmark has a consulate general in Guatemala City.[323]
Guyana	16 November 1979[352]	Denmark is represented in Guyana, through its embassy in Brasília.[353] Guyana is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.[222]
Haiti	1 November 1953[88]	Denmark is represented in Haiti, through its embassy in Mexico.[354] Haiti is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Berlin.[222]
Honduras	22 March 1945[68]	Denmark have a consulate general in Tegucigalpa.[323] Honduras is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[355]
Jamaica	14 October 1974[356]	Denmark is represented in Jamaica, through its embassy in Mexico.[357] Jamaica is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.[222]
Mexico	19 July 1827[358]	See Denmark–Mexico relations Mexico has an embassy in Copenhagen.[359] Denmark has an embassy in Mexico City.[360]
Nicaragua	November 1967[128]	See Denmark–Nicaragua relations Denmark has an embassy in Managua.[361] Nicaragua has an embassy in Copenhagen.[362]
Panama	30 June 1937[363]	Denmark have a consulate general in Ciudad de Panamá, and in Colón.[323] Panama is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[222]
Paraguay	18 July 1903[364]	Paraguay is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm. Denmark is represented in Paraguay, through its embassy in Buenos Aires.[365] Denmark also has an honorary consulate in Asunción.
Peru	18 May 1848[366]	Peru is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Berlin.[222] Denmark has a consulate general in Lima.[367]
Saint Kitts and Nevis	None[368]	Denmark is represented in St. Kitts and Nevis, through its embassy in Washington D.C.[369]
Saint Lucia	20 December 1982[370]	Denmark is represented in St. Lucia, through its embassy in Mexico.[371]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	19 September 1985[372]	Denmark is represented in St. Vincent and the Grenadines, through its embassy in Mexico.[373]
Suriname	27 November 1980[374]	Denmark is represented in Suriname, through its embassy in Brasília.[375] Denmark have a consulate in Paramaribo.[376]
Trinidad and Tobago	23 May 1972[377]	Denmark is represented in Trinidad and Tobago, through its embassy in Mexico.[378] Denmark have a consulate general in Port of Spain.[378]
United States	12 October 1801[379]	See Denmark–United States relations Denmark recognized the United States in 1792.[380] Denmark has an embassy in Washington D.C.[381] and consulates-general in Chicago, Houston, New York City and Palo Alto.[382] United States has an embassy in Copenhagen and a consulate in Nuuk, Greenland.[383]
Uruguay	28 February 1842[384]	Denmark is accredited to Uruguay from its embassy in Buenos Aires, Argentina.[385] Uruguay is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden.[222]
Venezuela	26 March 1835[386]	See Denmark–Venezuela relations Venezuela is accredited to Denmark from its embassy in Oslo, Norway. Denmark is accredited to Venezuela from its embassy in Brasília, Brazil.[387]

Middle East

Country	Formal relations began	Notes
Bahrain	10 August 1974[388]	Denmark is represented in Bahrain, through its embassy in Riyadh.[389] Denmark also has a Royal Consular Agency in Manama.[389] Bahrain is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.[222]
Egypt	1 June 1922[62]	See Denmark–Egypt relations Denmark has an embassy in Cairo.[390] Egypt has an embassy in Copenhagen.[222]
Iran	3 February 1922[391]	See Denmark–Iran relations Denmark has an embassy in Tehran.[392] Iran has an embassy in Copenhagen.[393] "Encyclopedia Iranica on Iran-Denmark historical relations".
Iraq	13 January 1960[394][100]	See Denmark–Iraq relations Denmark has an embassy in Baghdad.[395] Iraq has an embassy in Copenhagen.[396]
Israel	12 July 1950[397]	See Denmark–Israel relations Denmark has an embassy in Tel Aviv.[398] Israel has an embassy in Copenhagen.[399]
Jordan	7 December 1961[400][401]	Denmark is represented in Jordan, through its embassy in Damascus.[402] Jordan is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Berlin.[222]
Kuwait	25 April 1964[112]	Denmark is represented in Kuwait, through its embassy in Riyadh.[403] Kuwait is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[222]
Lebanon	1946[404]	Denmark has an embassy in Beirut.[405] Lebanon is represented in Denmark through its embassy in Stockholm.[406]
Oman	9 July 1979[407]	Denmark is represented in Oman, through its embassy in Riyadh.[408] Oman is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Berlin.
State of Palestine	None	See Denmark–Palestine relations Denmark has a representative office in Ramallah.[409] Palestine has a mission in Copenhagen.[222][410]
Qatar	15 December 1974[146]	Denmark is represented in Qatar, through its embassy in the United Arab Emirates.[411] Qatar is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in the Hague.[222]
Saudi Arabia	1 February 1975[412][150]	See Denmark–Saudi Arabia relations Denmark has an embassy in Riyadh.[413] Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Copenhagen.[414]
Syria	1950[415]	See Denmark–Syria relations Denmark has an embassy in Damascus.[416] Syria is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[222]
Turkey[note 1]	26 January 1925[417]	See Denmark–Turkey relations Denmark has an embassy in Ankara[418] and a consulate general in Istanbul.[419] Turkey has an embassy in Copenhagen.[420] Both countries are full members of NATO. Denmark is an EU member and Turkey is an EU candidate. Denmark opposes Turkey's accession negotiations to the EU, although negotiations have now been suspended.
United Arab Emirates	18 January 1975[148]	See Denmark–United Arab Emirates relations Denmark has an embassy in Abu Dhabi,[421] and a consulate general in Dubai.[422] The United Arab Emirates is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[222]
Yemen	1 May 1975[152]	Denmark is represented in Yemen, through its embassy in Riyadh.[423] Yemen is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Berlin.[222]

Asia

Country	Formal relations began	Notes
Afghanistan	26 January 1966[424]	See Afghanistan–Denmark relations Denmark has an embassy in Kabul.[425] Afghanistan is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Oslo.[222]
Bangladesh	4 February 1972[426]	See Bangladesh–Denmark relations Denmark has an embassy in Dhaka.[427] Bangladesh is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[222]
Bhutan	13 August 1985[428]	See Bhutan–Denmark relations Denmark has a representative office in Thimphu.[429] Bhutan is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.[222]
Brunei	6 February 1990[174]	Denmark is represented in Brunei, through its embassy in Singapore.[430] Brunei is represented in Denmark through a non-resident ambassador based in Bandar Seri Begawan.[222]
Cambodia	9 October 1967[431]	See Cambodia–Denmark relations Denmark is represented in Cambodia, through its embassy in Bangkok, Thailand.[432] Cambodia is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.[222]
China	11 May 1950[433]	See People's Republic of China–Denmark relations Denmark has an embassy in Beijing.[434] China has an embassy in Copenhagen.[435]
East Timor	12 February 2003[206]	Denmark is represented in East Timor, through its embassy in Jakarta.[436] East Timor is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.[437]
India	September 1949[438][439]	See Denmark–India relations Denmark has an embassy in New Delhi.[440] India has an embassy in Copenhagen.[441]
Indonesia	15 February 1950[442][80]	See Denmark–Indonesia relations Denmark has an embassy in Jakarta.[443] Indonesia has an embassy in Copenhagen.[444]
Japan	16 December 1867[445]	See Denmark–Japan relations Denmark has an embassy in Tokyo.[446] Japan has an embassy in Copenhagen.[447] "Japan-Denmark Relations".
Kazakhstan	7 May 1992[448]	See Denmark–Kazakhstan relations Denmark is represented in Kazakhstan, through its embassy in Moscow.[449] Kazakhstan is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Berlin.[222]
Kyrgyzstan	8 May 1992[450]	Denmark is represented in Kyrgyzstan, through its embassy in Moscow.[451]
Laos	1 November 1956[452]	Denmark is represented in Laos, through its embassy in Hanoi.[453] Laos is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[454]
Malaysia	31 August 1957[455]	See Denmark–Malaysia relations Denmark has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur.[456] Malaysia is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[222]
Maldives	8 November 1982[457]	Denmark is represented in Maldives, through its embassy in New Delhi.[458] Maldives is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.[222]
Mongolia	5 August 1968[459]	Denmark has a consulate general in Ulaanbaatar.[460] Mongolia is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[222]
Myanmar	22 April 1955[461]	See Burma–Denmark relations Denmark is represented in Burma, through its embassy in Bangkok.[462] Burma is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.[222]
Nepal	15 December 1967[463]	See Denmark–Nepal relations Denmark has an embassy in Kathmandu.[464] Nepal has an embassy in Copenhagen.[465]
North Korea	17 July 1973[466]	See Denmark–North Korea relations Denmark is represented in North Korea, through its embassy in Beijing.[467] North Korea is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[222]
Pakistan	October 1949[468]	See Denmark–Pakistan relations Denmark has an embassy in Islamabad.[469] Pakistan has an embassy in Copenhagen.[470] Roughly 20,000 Pakistanis live and work in Denmark, making them the country's fifth-largest non-Western community. Six Pakistani immigrants/descendants of immigrants have seats on local parliaments and councils, the second-highest number of any immigrant group.[471]
Philippines	28 September 1946[472]	See Denmark–Philippines relations Denmark has an embassy in Manila.[473] The Republic of the Philippines has an embassy in Copenhagen.
Singapore	28 September 1965[474]	Denmark has an embassy in Singapore City.[475] Singapore is represented in Denmark, through a non-resident ambassador based in Singapore.[222]
South Korea	11 March 1959[476]	See Denmark–South Korea relations Both nations are having an agreement of work and holiday program thus citizens of both countries can live, work, study and travel for up to a year and there are no quotas for Danish and South Koreans working and traveling in the each other.[477] Royal Danish embassy in Seoul.[478] South Korean embassy in Copenhagen.[479]
Sri Lanka	5 January 1953[480]	See Denmark–Sri Lanka relations Denmark has a consulate general in Colombo.[481] Sri Lanka is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[222]
Tajikistan	21 January 1992[482]	Denmark is represented in Tajikistan, through its embassy in Moscow.[483]
Taiwan	None	See Denmark–Taiwan relations Denmark has a trade council in Taipei.[484] Taiwan has a Representative Office in Copenhagen.[485]
Thailand	21 May 1858[486]	See Denmark–Thailand relations Denmark has an embassy in Bangkok.[487] Thailand has an embassy in Copenhagen.[488]
Turkmenistan	21 January 1992[489]	Denmark is represented in Turkmenistan, through its embassy in Moscow.[490]
Uzbekistan	25 January 1992[491]	Uzbekistan is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Moscow.[492] Denmark is represented in Uzbekistan, through its embassy in Moscow.[493]
Vietnam	25 November 1971[494]	See Denmark–Vietnam relations Denmark has an embassy in Hanoi.[495] Vietnam has an embassy in Copenhagen.[496]

Africa

Country	Formal relations began	Notes
Algeria	3 September 1963[111]	Denmark has an embassy in Algiers.[497] Algeria has an embassy in Copenhagen.[498]
Angola	17 September 1976[499]	Denmark is represented in Angola, through its embassy in Lusaka.[500] Angola is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[222]
Benin	15 December 1964[501]	See Benin–Denmark relations Benin has an embassy in Copenhagen.[502] Denmark has an embassy in Cotonou.[503]
Botswana	24 September 1971[134]	Denmark is represented in Botswana, through its embassy in Pretoria.[504] Botswana is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[222]
Burkina Faso	21 January 1981[505]	See Burkina Faso–Denmark relations Denmark has an embassy in Ouagadougou.[506] Burkina Faso has an embassy in Copenhagen.[507]
Burundi	25 June 1965[508]	Denmark is represented in Burundi, through its embassy in Kampala.[509] Burundi is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Berlin.[222]
Cameroon	1960[104]	Denmark has a consulate general in Yaoundé.[510] Cameroon is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.[222]
Cape Verde	29 May 2019[511]	Denmark is represented in Cape Verde, through its embassy in Lisbon.[512]
Central African Republic	1984[513]	Denmark is represented in the Central African Republic, through its embassy in Ouagadougou.[514] The Central African Republic is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.[222]
Chad		Chad has a consulate in Copenhagen, Denmark.[515] Denmark is represented in Chad, through its embassy in Burkina Faso.[515]
Comoros	1 December 1982[516]	Denmark is represented in Comoros, through its embassy in Dar es Salaam.[517]
Republic of the Congo	10 June 1967[126]	Denmark is represented in Republic of Congo, through its embassy in Cotonou.[518]
Democratic Republic of the Congo	3 August 1962[109]	Denmark is represented in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, through its embassy in Pretoria.[519]
Djibouti	10 December 2002[520]	Denmark have a consulate in Djibouti City.[521]
Equatorial Guinea	7 November 2014[522]	Denmark is represented in Equatorial Guinea, through its embassy in Pretoria.[523]
Eritrea	28 September 1993[524][525]	See Denmark–Eritrea relations Eritrea was a Danish programme country from 1993 to 1996, and again from 1999 to 2001. In 1996, Denmark assisted 112 million DKK to the agriculture sector, and 80 million DKK to the education sector.[526] Relations between Eritrea and Denmark have been bad, since Denmark decided to suspend development cooperation with Eritrea in January 2002, and completely closed its embassy in Eritrea in June 2002.[527] Denmark is represented in Eritrea through its embassy in Nairobi.[528]
Eswatini		Denmark has a consulate in Mbabane.[529]
Ethiopia	5 April 1967[530]	See Denmark–Ethiopia relations Denmark has an embassy in Addis Ababa.[531] Ethiopia is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.[222]
Gabon	2 April 1973[532]	Denmark have a consulate in Libreville.[533] Gabon is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.[222]
Gambia	January 1979[534]	Denmark is represented in Gambia, through its embassy in Bamako.[535] Gambia is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.[222]
Ghana	28 September 1961[106]	See Denmark–Ghana relations Denmark has an embassy in Accra.[536] Ghana has an embassy in Copenhagen.[537]
Guinea	1 December 1961[105]	Denmark is represented in Guinea, through its embassy in Accra.[538] Guinea is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Berlin.[222]
Guinea-Bissau	8 November 1991[539]	Denmark is represented in Guinea Bissau, through its embassy in Lisbon.[540] Guinea-Bissau is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.[222]
Ivory Coast	14 June 1963[111]	Denmark is represented in Côte d'Ivoire, through its embassy in Accra.[541] Denmark have a consulate general in Abidjan.[541] Côte d'Ivoire have an embassy in Copenhagen.[542]
Kenya	23 October 1964[113]	See Denmark–Kenya relations Denmark has an embassy in Nairobi.[543] Kenya is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[222]
Lesotho	1970[544]	Denmark have a consulate in Maseru.[545]
Liberia	31 December 1861[546][547] 11 July 1963[548]	Denmark is represented in Liberia, through its embassy in Accra.[549] Liberia is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Berlin.[222]
Libya	18 April 1968[550]	See Denmark–Libya relations Libya closed its embassy in Copenhagen, as a protest against the Jyllandsposten cartoons controversy, in 2006.[551]
Madagascar	January 1964[552]	Denmark is represented in Madagascar, through its embassy in Pretoria.[553] Denmark have a consulate in Antananarivo.[553]
Malawi	22 February 1966[554]	Denmark is represented in Malawi, through its embassy in Maputo.[555] Malawi is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in London.
Mali		Denmark has an embassy in Bamako.[556] From 2006 to 2011, Denmark assisted Mali with 800 million DKK for poverty reduction.[557]
Mauritania	19 April 1975[558]	Denmark is represented in Mauritania, through its embassy in Rabat.[559] Mauritania is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.[222]
Mauritius	2 March 1973[560]	Denmark have a consulate in Port Louis.[561]
Morocco	29 November 1957[562][94]	See Denmark–Morocco relations Denmark has an embassy in Rabat.[563] Morocco has an embassy in Copenhagen.[564]
Mozambique	25 June 1975[565]	See Denmark–Mozambique relations
Namibia	1990[566]	Denmark is represented in Namibia, through its embassy in Pretoria.[567] Namibia is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[568]
Niger	25 May 1965[569]	Denmark is represented in Niger, through its embassy in Ouagadougou.[570]
Nigeria	October 1960[571]	See Foreign relations of Nigeria
Rwanda	2 April 1963[110]	Denmark is represented in Rwanda, through its embassy in Kampala.[572] Rwanda is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Stockholm.[573]
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	None	Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic has a representative office in Copenhagen.[574]
São Tomé and Príncipe	20 February 2019[575]	Denmark is represented in São Tomé and Príncipe, through its embassy in Lisbon.[576] São Tomé and Príncipe is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.[222]
Senegal	16 May 1961[105]	Denmark have a consulate general in Dakar.[577]
Seychelles	1979[578]	Denmark has a consulate in Victoria, Seychelles.[579]
Sierra Leone	22 January 1973[580]	Denmark has a consulate in Freetown.[581]
Somalia	9 July 1960[582]	See Denmark–Somalia relations Denmark has a consulate general in Mogadishu.[583]
South Africa	1947[584]	See Denmark–South Africa relations Denmark has an embassy in Pretoria.[585]
South Sudan	4 May 2012[586]
Sudan	8 May 1958[95]	See Denmark–Sudan relations Denmark is represented in Sudan, through its embassy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.[587] Sudan is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Oslo, Norway.[588]
Tanzania	8 December 1964[115]	See Denmark–Tanzania relations
Tunisia	1959[589]	See Foreign relations of Tunisia
Togo	21 June 1968[130]	Denmark is represented in Togo, through its embassy in Cotonou.[590]
Uganda	26 January 1965[118]	Uganda has an embassy in Copenhagen.[591]
Zambia	10 February 1965[119]	See Denmark–Zambia relations
Zimbabwe	18 April 1980[161]	See Foreign relations of Zimbabwe

Oceania

Country	Formal relations began	Notes
Australia	12 September 1947[73][74]	See Australia–Denmark relations
Cook Islands	None[592]	Denmark is represented in Cook Islands, through its embassy in Canberra.[593]
Fiji	1 December 1997[204]	Denmark is represented in Fiji, through its embassy in Jakarta.[594] Fiji is represented in Denmark, through its high commission in London.[222] Further details Denmark–Fiji relations refers to the current and historical relations between Denmark and Fiji. Denmark is represented in Fiji through its embassy in Jakarta, Indonesia.[594] Fiji is represented in Denmark through its High Commission in London.[222][595] Denmark has an honorary consulate[596] and a consulate[594] in Suva, the capital of Fiji. The current Fijian ambassador to Denmark is Solo Mara.[597] In 1971, an abolition of visas agreement was signed between Denmark and Fiji.[598] In October 1974, Denmark and Fiji signed an avoidance of double taxation agreement.[599] In November 2003, the Danish ambassador to Fiji Geert Aagaard Andersen said that Denmark supports the European Union's decision to resume development cooperation with Fiji and that Denmark is pleased with the reestablishing democracy progress in Fiji. Trade between Denmark and Fiji showed a potential increase he said.[600] For the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference meeting in Copenhagen, the Fijian Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama stressed that: "We in Fiji experienced unprecedented floods in February of this year. The enormous devastation caused by such disasters not only results in commercial and economic hardships but has a deleterious effect on food production, the ill effects of climate change can still be minimised."[601] In July 2011, Danish export to Fiji amounted approximately 1 million DKK while Fijian export were about 100.000 DKK.[602]
Kiribati		Denmark is represented in Kiribati, through its embassy in Singapore.[603]
Marshall Islands	17 September 1992[196]	Denmark is represented in Marshall Islands, through its embassy in Singapore.[603]
Micronesia, Federated States of	29 August 2018[213]	Denmark is represented in Micronesia, through its embassy in Singapore.[603]
Nauru	None[604]	Denmark is represented in Nauru, through its embassy in Canberra.[605]
New Zealand	12 September 1947[74]	See Denmark–New Zealand relations
Palau	30 November 2018[216]	Denmark is represented in Palau, through its embassy in Singapore.[603]
Papua New Guinea	February 1978[156]	Denmark is represented in Papua New Guinea, through its embassy in Jakarta.[606] Papua New Guinea is represented in Denmark, through its embassy in Brussels.[222]
Samoa	None[607]	Denmark is represented in Samoa, through its embassy in Canberra.[608]
Solomon Islands	None[609]	Denmark is represented in the Solomon Islands, through its embassy in Singapore.[603]
Tonga	1981[610]	Denmark is represented in Tonga, through its embassy in Canberra.[611]
Tuvalu	None[612]	Denmark is represented in Tuvalu, through its embassy in Canberra.[613]
Vanuatu	25 October 2018[214]	Denmark is represented in Vanuatu, through its embassy in Canberra.[614]

See also

• Kingdom of Denmark portal

Politics of Denmark

• History of Denmark
• Denmark–Soviet Union relations
• Politics of Denmark
  • Politics of the Faroe Islands
  • Politics of Greenland
• Denmark and the European Union
  • • Danish European Union opt-outs referendum
• Scandinavian defense union
• List of diplomatic missions of Denmark
• List of diplomatic missions in Denmark
• Visa requirements for Danish citizens
• Foreign relations of Greenland
• List of ambassadors of Denmark

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Notes

1. Turkey is physiographically considered a transcontinental country in Western Asia and Eastern Europe.

Further reading

• Andreasen, Uffe. "Reflections on public diplomacy after the Danish cartoon crises: From crisis management to normal public diplomacy work." Hague Journal of Diplomacy 3.2 (2008): 201–207.
• Due-Nielsen, Carsten, and Nikolaj Petersen. "Denmark's foreign policy since 1967: An introduction." in Adaptation and Activism (Copenhagen: DJØF Publishing, 1995): 11–54.
• Frederichsen, Kim. Soviet Cultural Diplomacy Towards Denmark During the Cold War, 1945–1991 (PhD. Diss. University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Humanities, Department of Cross-Cultural and Regional Studies, 2017).
• Henriksen, Anders, and Jon Rahbek-Clemmensen. "The Greenland card: Prospects for and barriers to Danish Arctic diplomacy in Washington." Danish foreign policy yearbook 1 (2017): 75–98.
• Jakobsen, Peter Viggo, Jens Ringsmose, and Håkon Lunde Saxi. "Prestige-seeking small states: Danish and Norwegian military contributions to US-led operations." European journal of international security 3.2 (2018): 256–277.
• Jakobsen, Peter Viggo, and Jens Ringsmose. "Size and reputation—why the USA has valued its ‘special relationships’ with Denmark and the UK differently since 9/11." Journal of Transatlantic Studies 13.2 (2015): 135-153.
• Kaarbo, Juliet, and Cristian Cantir. "Role conflict in recent wars: Danish and Dutch debates over Iraq and Afghanistan." Cooperation and Conflict 48.4 (2013): 465–483.
• Kronvall. Olof. "US–Scandinavian Relations Since 1940." in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. (Oxford University Press, 2020).
• Lidegaard, Bo. Defiant Diplomacy: Henrik Kauffmann, Denmark, and the United States in World War II and the Cold War, 1939–1958. Peter Lang, 2003. Archived 26 October 2020 at the Wayback Machine ISBN 978-0-8204-6819-8.
• Petersen, Nikolaj. "Denmark and NATO 1948-1987." (1987).
• Rahbek-Clemmensen, Jon (2011). "Denmark in the Arctic: Bowing to three masters". Atlantisch Perspectief. 35 (3): 9–14. JSTOR 48580871.
• Rahbek-Clemmensen, Jon. ""An Arctic Great Power"? Recent Developments in Danish Arctic Policy." Arctic Yearbook 5 (2016): 387–399.
• Sevaldsen, Jørgen; Bo Bjørke; Claus Bjørn (2003). Britain and Denmark: political, economic and cultural relations in the 19th and 20th centuries. Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 658. ISBN 87-7289-750-3. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
• Tonra, Ben. The Europeanisation of national foreign policy: Dutch, Danish and Irish foreign policy in the European Union (Routledge, 2018) online.
• Wivel, Anders, and Matthew Crandall. "Punching above their weight, but why? Explaining Denmark and Estonia in the transatlantic relationship." Journal of transatlantic studies 17.3 (2019): 392-419.
• Development co-operation review series: Denmark. 9264170707: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. 1999. p. 79. ISBN 978-92-64-17070-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)

Pre-1940

• Bjørnlund, Matthias (2006). "When the Cannons Talk, the Diplomats Must Be Silent": A Danish Diplomat in Constantinople during the Armenian Genocide" (PDF). Genocide Studies and Prevention. 1 (2). University of Toronto Press: 224. doi:10.3138/1567-7412-6RQ6-441Q. ISSN 1911-0359.
• Colot, Pierre (1984). History of the relations between Belgium and Denmark. Memo from Belgium ;no 193. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, External Trade and Coopération in Development. p. 47. OCLC 13448184. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
• Feldbæk, Ole. "Eighteenth‐century Danish neutrality: Its diplomacy, economics and law." Scandinavian Journal of History 8.1–4 (1983): 3–21.
• Feldbæk, Ole. "Denmark and the Treaty of Kiel 1814." Scandinavian Journal of History 15.3–4 (1990): 259–268.
• Feldbæk, Ole. "Denmark in the Napoleonic Wars: A Foreign Policy Survey." Scandinavian Journal of History 26.2 (2001): 89–101
• Feldbæk, Ole. "Denmark and the Baltic 1720–1864." In Quest of Trade and Security. the Baltic in Power Politics 1500–1990. Vol 1. 1500–1890 (Probus Förlag, 1995) pp. 257–95.
• Fogdall, Soren Jacob Marius Peterson. Danish-American Diplomacy, 1776–1920 (1922) .
• Gosch, Christian Carl August (1862). Denmark and Germany since 1815. Harvard College Library. p. 500. ISBN 9780598403308. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
• Gram-Skjoldager, Karen. "Denmark during the First World War: Neutral policy, economy and culture." Journal of Modern European History 17.2 (2019): 234–250.
• Jónsson, Már. "Denmark-Norway as a potential world power in the early seventeenth century." Itinerario 33.2 (2009): 17–27.
• Kirkebæk, Mads (2000). China and Denmark: relations since 1674. Nordic Institute of Asian Studies. p. 341. ISBN 87-87062-71-2. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
• Murdoch, Steve. Britain, Denmark-Norway and the House of Stuart, 1603–1660: A Diplomatic and Military Analysis (Tuckwell Press, 2000).
• Naum, Magdalena, and Jonas M. Nordin. "Introduction: Situating Scandinavian Colonialism." in Scandinavian Colonialism and the Rise of Modernity (Springer, 2013) pp. 3–16.

External links

• Media related to International relations of Denmark at Wikimedia Commons